Et si l'IA était un nouvel instrument pour les musiciens ? | Benoit Carré | TEDxTours
Summary
TLDRDans ce script, un musicien en résidence partage son expérience avec l'intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la création musicale. Il explique comment l'IA a été utilisée pour adapter des orchestrations à des chansons existantes, en prenant l'exemple de la chanson 'Black is the Color' de Pete Seeger. Il souligne la capacité de l'IA à créer des états de 'controlled-accident', surpris et noveaux dans la composition musicale. Le musicien aborde également les défis et les opportunités que représente l'utilisation de la voix clone, comme celle de Grimes, pour interpréter des œuvres musicales, soulignant que l'IA peut être un outil d'expression et de création, plutôt que une menace pour les artistes.
Takeaways
- 🎵 L'intelligence artificielle peut être utilisée comme un instrument musical créatif.
- 🌟 Le rôle de l'artiste en résidence dans une équipe de recherche est de développer des outils créatifs pour les musiciens du futur.
- 🎶 L'expérience musicale de l'orateur dates de la fin des années 90 avec le groupe Lilicub et comprend la composition pour d'autres interprètes.
- 💫 L'essentiel est de se laisser surprendre par la création, que ce soit avec un piano ou avec n'importe quel instrument.
- 🤖 L'IA est un partenaire idéal pour créer des états de controlled-accident dans la création musicale.
- 🎵 Un exemple concret est l'adaptation d'une orchestration existante à une autre chanson, utilisant l'IA pour créer une accompagnement.
- 🎻 L'IA a été utilisée pour adapter une arrangement de violons de style bossa nova à une chanson folk américaine de Pete Seeger.
- 🎵 Les essais et erreurs sont également partie intégrante de la création avec l'IA, montrant que pas tous les résultats sont réussis.
- 🎵 L'IA peut également être utilisée pour ajouter de l'expressivité à une partition musicale qui ne l'a pas nécessairement.
- 🎵 L'IA n'est pas encore capable de générer une chanson de A à Z, mais elle peut aider les artistes à explorer de nouveaux terrains.
- 🌐 L'IA peut avoir un impact disruptif sur l'industrie musicale, soulignant des questions juridiques et commerciales, mais aussi des opportunités.
Q & A
Qui est l'orateur dans ce transcript ?
-L'orateur est Benoît Carré, un musicien en résidence dans une équipe de recherche dirigée par François Pachet.
Quel est le projet artistique que Benoît Carré a transformé en Skygge ?
-Le projet artistique de Benoît Carré est l'utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle comme instrument musical créatif pour développer des outils pour les musiciens du futur.
Quelle est la signification du mot 'Skygge' ?
-Skygge signifie 'ombre' en danois, et c'est également le titre du récit d'Andersen, 'L'Ombre'.
Avec quelle chanson de Pete Seeger a-t-on travaillé pour créer une accompagnement avec l'IA ?
-On a travaillé avec la chanson 'Black is the Color of my True Love's Hair' de Pete Seeger pour créer une accompagnement avec l'IA.
Quel est le style musical choisi pour l'accompagnement de la chanson de Pete Seeger ?
-Le style musical choisi pour l'accompagnement est le bossa nova, caractérisé par des harmonies très riches et belles.
Qui est le maître des arrangements de violons pour le style bossa nova ?
-Le maître des arrangements de violons pour le style bossa nova est Claus Ogerman.
Comment l'IA a-t-elle été programmée pour adapter l'accompagnement de violons à la chanson ?
-L'IA a été programmée pour conserver les qualités musicales de l'arrangement, les changements de notes et les mouvements internes, puis l'adapter à la chanson 'Black is the Color'.
Quelle est la chanson qui a été utilisée pour montrer l'expressivité de l'IA avec un instrument moins conventionnel ?
-La chanson utilisée pour montrer l'expressivité de l'IA avec un instrument moins conventionnel est une fugue de Schubert, jouée avec un cuica, un instrument brésilien utilisé dans le samba.
Quelle est la chanson créée par Benoît Carré qui utilise l'IA pour remplacer sa voix par celle de Grimes ?
-La chanson créée par Benoît Carré qui utilise l'IA pour remplacer sa voix par celle de Grimes s'appelle 'Black Ocean' et elle est incluse dans son album 'Melancholia'.
Quelles sont les implications légales et commerciales de l'utilisation de l'IA dans l'industrie musicale ?
-Les implications légales de l'utilisation de l'IA dans l'industrie musicale concernent les droits d'interprétation et les questions de propriété intellectuelle, tandis que les implications commerciales incluent les changements potentiels dans les modèles de revenus et les opportunités créatives pour les artistes et les entreprises.
Quel est le message final de Benoît Carré à propos de l'IA et la musique ?
-Le message final de Benoît Carré est d'inviter les gens à comprendre l'état actuel de l'IA et son potentiel pour devenir un outil d'aide pour les artistes plutôt que une menace, et de reconnaître que l'IA peut aider à explorer de nouveaux territoires créatifs et à stimuler la création musicale.
Outlines
🎵 L'IA comme instrument de musique créative
Le paragraphe présente un musicien en résidence dans une équipe dirigée par François Pachet, un expert en intelligence artificielle. Le musicien explique comment il a utilisé l'IA comme un instrument musical créatif, développant des outils pour les musiciens du futur. Il mentionne son projet d'art intitulé Skygge, qui signifie "ombre" en danois, inspiré par le récit d'Andersen "L'Ombre". Il partage son expérience de créer des accompagnements musicaux avec l'aide de l'IA, en utilisant un arrangement de violons dans le style de bossa nova pour une chanson de Pete Seeger. Il exprime son enthousiasme pour les possibilités créatives offertes par l'IA et son désir de continuer à explorer ces nouvelles formes d'expression musicale.
🎶 L'adaptation automatique d'accompagnement par l'IA
Dans ce paragraphe, le musicien explique comment l'IA peut être utilisée pour adapter des orchestrations existantes à d'autres chansons, en conservant les qualités musicales et les mouvements internes. Il partage une expérience où il a utilisé un arrangement de violons pour la chanson 'Black is the Color' de Pete Seeger, en adaptant l'accompagnement à la bossa nova. Il montre comment l'IA peut transformer un arrangement de violons en un accompagnement musical pour une chanson folk américaine, montrant l'efficacité de l'IA dans la création musicale.
🎵 L'IA et la créativité sonore
Le musicien discute de la capacité de l'IA à ajouter de l'expressivité à une partition musicale qui n'en avait peu ou pas. Il présente un exemple où il a utilisé l'IA pour donner une interprétation de fugue de Schubert par un cuica, un instrument brésilien. Il exprime sa surprise par les résultats inattendus et la créativité de l'IA, qui a permis de transformer un morceau classique en quelque chose d'unique et expressif. Le musicien a ensuite utilisé cette interprétation pour créer une chanson nouvelle, 'Black Ocean', qui est incluse dans son album Melancholia.
🎶 L'impact de l'IA sur la musique et l'industrie
Dans ce paragraphe, le musicien aborde les implications de l'utilisation de l'IA dans la musique, en discutant des questions juridiques et commerciales que cela soulève. Il mentionne l'exemple de la voix clone de Grimes qui a été utilisée pour créer une version de sa chanson 'Black Ocean'. Il souligne que bien que l'IA puisse être perturbatrice pour l'industrie musicale, elle peut également offrir des opportunités pour les artistes et les musiciens. Il encourage les gens à comprendre l'IA telle qu'elle est aujourd'hui, afin que l'IA de demain puisse être plus une amie qu'une menace pour la création musicale.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Intelligence Artificielle (IA)
💡Créativité
💡Musique Assistée par l'IA
💡Expérimentation
💡Ajustement Automatique
💡Échantillons Intelligents
💡Interprétation
💡Droits d'Auteur
💡Clonage Vocal
💡Royaute
💡Transformation Musicale
💡Contrôle-Accident
Highlights
AI being used as a musical instrument, a creative tool for tomorrow's musicians.
The art project Skygge, inspired by Andersen's tale “The Shadow”.
The musician's background, starting with the band Lilicub in the mid-90s and writing for various artists.
The concept of letting oneself be surprised by the music created, embracing a controlled-accident state in composition.
A tool developed to adapt any orchestration of an existing piece to any other song.
The choice of bossa nova style and Claus Ogerman's violin arrangements for creating an accompaniment for Pete Seeger's voice.
The process of AI adapting a sophisticated musical style to a simple melody.
The successful result of AI-adapted music, blending violin arrangements with Pete Seeger's folk song.
The exploration of AI's limitations and the importance of feeding it with a musical source.
Experiments with AI on classical music, such as Dvorak's New World Symphony.
The development of an intelligent sampling tool to add expressiveness to a score.
Using the cuica, a Brazilian instrument, to interpret a Schubert fugue, showcasing AI's creativity in sound expression.
The creation of the song “Black Ocean” from an AI-interpreted cuica excerpt, leading to an album release.
The use of Grimes's vocal clone in the song “Black Ocean”, exploring the intersection of AI and artistry.
The potential of AI to disrupt the music industry, raising legal and business issues, but also offering new opportunities.
The ongoing revolution of AI in music, from the Internet and streaming era, and the call to embrace AI as a friend rather than a threat.
Transcripts
Translator: Elisabeth Buffard
Good evening.
You may have seen the image of the Pope in a down coat on your screens.
You may also have seen the picture of Emmanuel Macron
collecting trash cans.
You may also have heard of the fake duo
between the rapper Drake and the singer The Weeknd,
in fact the duo between
Drake’s vocal clone of and The Weeknd’s vocal clone.
You've also heard of ChatGPT,
but have you heard of artificial intelligence
being used as a musical instrument, a creative instrument?
Maybe not.
I am a musician in residence in a research team
led by François Pachet, who is the pope of AI -
without a down coat, I think.
With this team,
my role is to develop creative tools
for tomorrow's musicians.
From the start of my experiments, which date back to 2015,
I was seduced, sometimes very inspired
by the results I obtained with the machine.
So I turned it into an art project called Skygge,
and Skygge means “shadow” in Danish.
The shadow is also the title of Andersen's tale, “The Shadow.”
Obviously, I didn’t start making music
in 2015 with artificial intelligence.
I started playing music and writing songs in the mid-90s
with the band Lilicub - maybe you know about them.
And after that, I wrote songs for a lot of interpreters
like Imani, Françoise Hardy,
Michel Sardou or even Johnny Hallyday.
What I have actually been interested in, since the beginning of my experiments
and since the beginning of my compositions
with a piano or with any instrument,
is to let myself be surprised by what I do.
That is to say, with a piano,
I let my fingers decide for me at a given moment,
so as to be in a kind of letting go and uncontrolled state.
And I have found a great partner in AI
for creating these controlled-accident states.
Now, I’m going to let you listen to an example through a song.
It's a song by Pete Seeger,
which was recorded
by this iconic American folk singer from the 1960s.
So he recorded it in 1961.
He was in his studio with just his voice and microphone.
That is to say, there was no musical accompaniment.
I am playing you this song
which is in fact an American folk song
from the beginning of the 20th century.
(Pete Seeger’s singing voice) Black, black, black is the color
of my true love's hair
Benoît Carré: I’m not playing it all, you get the spirit.
No musical accompaniment.
And at that moment, I developed, with the researchers,
a tool that allows musicians to transfer,
to adapt any orchestration of an existing piece
to any other song.
So the idea is,
with this song, I was very curious to know
how the AI was going to create an accompaniment
around this voice that I really like -
it's Pete Seeger's voice - and this very beautiful song.
So you have to feed the machine to produce something,
otherwise it’s an empty learning system that doesn’t produce anything.
My role is to try to find a musical source
that is already interesting from an artistic point of view.
And since this melody is very simple,
I'm going to look for a fairly sophisticated style,
with very rich harmonies.
And that style, for me, is bossa nova.
I don’t know if you know bossa nova, but it’s a musical style
that appeared in Brazil, was invented by Vinicius De Moraes,
by Joao Gilberto in the 1960s
and is characterised with very rich, very beautiful harmonies.
And since it’s the 1960s, on top of these harmonies,
some violins often come in
that are even more sophisticated.
The master of these violin arrangements, is Claus Ogerman.
You may know him.
And I'm going to play you
an excerpt from an arrangement of violins by Claus OGerman.
(Violins)
You can hear these very fine harmonies.
I really wanted to see how the AI was going to cope
with these harmonies, on this Pete Seeger song.
But I couldn’t use that arrangement
as it is not royalty-free, it belongs to Claus Ogerman.
So I asked a friend who is very good at imitating styles,
and I asked him, “Write me an arrangement of violins
in the style of Claus Ogerman on the song you want.”
So not Black is the Color
because that one wouldn’t work, it wouldn’t be interesting.
So he wrote me an arrangement of violins that I’m playing for you.
(Violins)
It's an excerpt.
If I play the song Black is the Color on this extract without AI, that’s it.
(Pete Seeger voice) Black, black, black is the color
No, it's not that great.
What the AI is going todo is it will automatically adapt
my friend’s arrangement
of strings,
and it will make sure to preserve what is musical in this arrangement,
all the musical qualities,
the note changes and the internal movements.
Then it will adapt it to the song Black is the Color.
Here is the result.
(Pete Seeger voice) Black, Black, Black is the color
of my true love's hair
I love the ground on which she stands
(Violins)
At the end you hear the last chord, how beautiful!
I’m playing it again, I really like it.
(Pete Seeger voice) the ground on which she stands
(Violins)
It's beautiful!
For me, when I am an experimenter,
I stop being an experimenter and I am now a musician, an artist,
and I say to myself:
“I have to do something with this song, it’s so beautiful! ”
So I am calling another friend who is a conductor,
who is an arranger, and whom I ask
to adapt this arrangement made by the machine
for an orchestra, a small orchestra, a quartet of four violins
who are musicians of the Radio France Philharmonic.
And so she did the scores
and we went to the studio to record the song.
(Pete Seeger voice) Black, Black, Black is the color
of my true love's hair
Her face is something wondrous fair
The purest eyes
and the daintiest hands
I love the ground
on which she stands
(Violins)
Now, it's a great story, everything works well, it's perfect.
But AI, as I said earlier, must be fed
you have to give it a musical source,
and since I have an infinity of possibilities,
I don't spend an infinite amount of time on AI, but I'm going to try other things
and that still doesn’t work.
This evening I wanted to let you listen to what doesn’t work.
A few failed examples.
(Same song at a fast pace)
Well, that's not wrong, but it's not very interesting artistically.
Another example with another song called “Oh Shenandoah”,
sung by Pete Seeger, the same one.
There, I was sure that it was going to work.
I'll let you discover the musical source.
Maybe you’ll recognize it, for those who love classical music.
(Pete Seeger voice) Oh Shenandoah
I love your daughter
Away you rolling river.
Don’t you recognize it?
It is the first movement of Dvorak's New World Symphony.
I was sure it was going to work, it was a great idea.
Folk music, the New World Symphony...
What works on paper does not necessarily work in reality.
With AI, it's the same thing.
Here, what we saw was an experiment on an example,
in any case, on music, rather symbolically, the notes.
But AI can also be very interesting and creative
in terms of sound, that is to say expressiveness.
So here too, with the team,
we worked on an intelligent sampling tool
that makes it possible to give expressiveness
to a score that does not necessarily have expressiveness.
Now, the same thing, I start by giving the machine music.
It was a bit random, I took what was at hand:
a Schubert fugue.
So I’m playing you the Schubert fugue that I had at hand.
(Music)
It's a bit flat.
It's a bit flat.
It's not very expressive.
(Music)
There you go.
I’m looking for something
that could give expressiveness to this piece.
A piano is a bit too easy.
Perhaps a slightly less conventional instrument.
So I went on the internet and then I came across...
(Video) (Music)
You may not know this instrument, it's a cuica.
A cuica is a Brazilian instrument.
It seems easy to play, but I don’t think it is.
It is a Brazilian instrument
used in samba, in samba orchestras.
So I asked the machine:
“Machine, please make the cuica,
this cuica, interpret the fugue.”
I’m going to play you a little bit of the fugue I just played
to remind you.
And then I'll move on to the cuica.
(Music)
(Music, instrument change)
Very unexpected.
I was as surprised as maybe you were.
And since I had the...
I had the controls.
I told myself that I had to do something with this song.
It wasn’t a song, it was just an excerpt.
So I put this extract on loop, then I improvised with my voice, I explored.
And then a song came to me, called “Black Ocean”
and it’s on my album Melancholia, which was released last year.
More recently, you may have heard about the fake duo
between Drake and The Weeknd?
It created a lot of quite negative reactions
from record companies, which is understandable.
From journalists too.
And from the entire music industry.
This is normal since voice is attacked
The voice is what you listen to first when you listen to a song,
that’s what you hear.
But...
there was a voice that was heard, a bit different,
it was Grimes's voice.
I don't know if you know Grimes.
She is a Canadian pop singer who sings in English.
This singer tweeted, around late April:
“Well, I have a vocal clone and I am making it available to artists.
Artists who want to do a song with my vocal clone,
let’s split the revenue at 50/50.”
For me, I thought that was very good.
Very good idea.
And precisely, I thought about my song “Océan Noir”
which talks about a space of incommunicability, of dereliction.
And I said to myself,
“What if I replaced my voice, which is my physical voice,
with Grimes’s voice?”
That is to say, it's me who sings,
but...
it’s Grimes’ tone that replaces my tone.
I'm going to let you listen - I extracted my voice from the song.
I removed all the instruments.
I’m going to let you listen to my voice on its own.
(Benoît Carré’s voice) Black Ocean
I can hear whales in a tinnitus.
Here, no wave is coming my way.
I am giving my voice to the technology called Health Tech
which will take this voice,
keep the singing, the intonations,
but will replace my tone with that of Grimes.
(Grimes’ voice) Black Ocean
I can hear the whales in a tinnitus
Here, no wave is coming
No breath is filling
The blue sails of empty promises
There you go, and the song will be released in two days, so on June 23.
That's good news.
Here, you can see the power of AI when the tools work.
We can see how disruptive this can be,
how it can upset both legal issues,
because it is the right to interpret, here,
also business issues
that are a bit upset, but they can also be opportunities.
Don’t be fooled either, don’t say: “AI replaces artists
or at least replaces their tone.”
Because the tone
is kind of what’s on top of a song when it’s finished,
it's varnish, you can say.
And earlier, you saw it through these few examples,
there is a lot of work, there is the composition,
also the arrangement, then there is the sound
and at each stage,
you have to create interesting tools for musicians
that, with AI, allow them to explore precisely
places they have never been
and maybe help them to create more
or at least differently.
So we are still a long way from an AI that will generate a song from A to Z.
But the revolution is under way, that’s for sure.
There was the Internet revolution
with peer to peer, before streaming,
which destroyed quite a few musicians.
And then there was streaming with these 0.00000, I don’t know how much,
€0.02 per click.
Now there's AI.
I invite you, and everyone behind their screens,
to move beyond fantasy
and look at what AI is today
so that tomorrow's AI will be more our friend than a threat.
Thank you.
(Applause)
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