Hydroelectric energy and Hydropower Plants | Lesson 7.2 | Earth Science

Summary

This educational video delves into hydroelectric energy, highlighting its significance as the second top renewable energy source in the Philippines, contributing to around 40% of the country's renewable energy. It explains the concept of harnessing electricity from water using dams, tidal power, and other methods. The video outlines the three main components of a hydropower plant: the dam, penstock, and powerhouse. It also discusses three types of hydropower plants: impoundment, diversion or run of river, and pumped storage facilities. The lecture emphasizes hydroelectric power's leading role in global renewable energy, generating approximately 83% of the world's renewable power.

Takeaways

• 💧 Hydroelectric energy, also known as hydro power, is the second top producer of renewable energy in the Philippines after geothermal energy.
• 🌎 Approximately 40% of the Philippines' renewable energy comes from hydroelectric power plants.
• 💡 Hydroelectric energy is defined as the process of using water to produce electricity, which can be harnessed through dams or other modern methods.
• 🌊 Tidal power plants are an example of hydroelectric energy, where the rise and fall of tides turn turbines to produce electricity.
• 🔋 Hydroelectric power is the world's leading source of renewable energy, accounting for about 83% of global renewable power generation.
• 🏭 Components of a hydropower plant include a dam, a penstock (canal, pipe, or tunnel), and a powerhouse that houses the turbines and generator.
• 🏞️ A reservoir is the body of water stored by a dam, which is different from the dam itself.
• 🚧 There are three types of hydropower plants: impoundment facilities, diversion or run of river plants, and pumped storage facilities.
• 🛠️ Impoundment facilities are the most common type of hydropower plant, where a dam is built to store water that is later released to generate electricity.
• 💧 Diversion or run of river facilities redirect river water through a system of pipes and a small dam to a powerhouse without significantly altering the river's natural flow.
• 🔁 Pumped storage power plants use a system of two reservoirs to cycle water back into the upper reservoir after it has passed through a turbine, providing a stable supply of electricity.

Q & A

What is the second top producer of renewable energy in the Philippines?

Hydroelectric energy, or hydro power plants, is the second top producer of renewable energy in the Philippines.

What percentage of renewable energy in the Philippines is produced by hydroelectric power plants?

Around 40 percent of renewable energy in the Philippines is produced by hydroelectric power plants.

What does hydroelectric energy technically mean?

Hydroelectric energy technically means using water to produce electricity.

What is the world's leading source of renewable energy?

Hydroelectric power is the world's leading source of renewable energy, accounting for almost 83 percent of renewable power globally.

What is the term used to refer to hydroelectric energy in the script?

In the script, hydroelectric energy is referred to as 'white coal'.

What are the three conventional components of a hydropower plant?

The three conventional components of a hydropower plant are the dam, the penstock, and the powerhouse.

What is the function of a dam in a hydropower plant?

A dam in a hydropower plant creates a large waterfall that stores enough water to supply the plant at all times.

What is the difference between a reservoir and a dam in the context of a hydropower plant?

A dam is the wall that creates a reservoir, while a reservoir is the supply of water in a hydropower plant.

What are the three types of hydropower plants mentioned in the script?

The three types of hydropower plants mentioned are impoundment facility, diversion or run of river plants, and pumped storage facility.

How does a diversion or run of river hydropower plant work?

A diversion or run of river hydropower plant works by redirecting river water through a dam into pipes towards a penstock, feeding it downhill to the power station.

What is unique about a pumped storage power plant?

A pumped storage power plant combines a small storage reservoir with a system for cycling water back into the bigger reservoir after it has been released through a turbine.

Outlines

00:00

💧 Introduction to Hydroelectric Energy

The video begins by welcoming viewers to the second part of the seventh lesson at Insert Science. The focus is on hydroelectric energy and its role in hydro power plants. It's noted that hydroelectric energy is the second top producer of renewable energy in the Philippines, contributing to about 40% of the country's renewable energy production. The concept of hydroelectric energy is explained as the process of using water to generate electricity. Various methods of harnessing electricity from water are discussed, including the use of dams, wave power, and tidal power. The video emphasizes that hydroelectric power is the world's leading source of renewable energy, accounting for nearly 83% of global renewable power. The components of a hydropower plant are introduced, which include the dam, penstock, and powerhouse. The dam creates a reservoir to store water, the penstock channels water to the turbine, and the powerhouse houses the turbines and generators that produce electricity. Three types of hydropower plants are mentioned: impoundment, diversion or run of river, and pumped storage facilities.

05:03

🏞️ Types of Hydropower Plants

The second paragraph delves into the different types of hydropower plants. It starts with the impoundment facility, which is the most common type and involves creating a dam to store water for electricity generation. The video clarifies the difference between a dam and a reservoir, explaining that a dam is a structure that creates a reservoir. Next, the diversion or run of river facility is described, which redirects river water through a dam into pipes towards a penstock, feeding it to the powerhouse. This type of plant is noted for being less destructive as it does not significantly alter the natural flow of the river. Lastly, the pumped storage power plant is introduced as a modern type of hydropower plant that combines a small storage reservoir with a system for cycling water back into a larger reservoir after it has passed through a turbine. This setup allows for a stable supply of electricity by ensuring a continuous flow of water from the upper reservoir. The video concludes by highlighting the importance of hydroelectric and geothermal energy and encourages viewers to stay safe.

Keywords

💡Hydroelectric Energy

Hydroelectric energy, also known as hydro power, is the power derived from the movement of water. In the context of the video, it is highlighted as the second top producer of renewable energy in the Philippines, contributing to about 40 percent of the country's renewable energy production. The video emphasizes that hydroelectric power is a significant source of renewable energy globally, accounting for nearly 83 percent of the world's renewable power. This energy is produced by harnessing the kinetic energy of water, often through the use of dams and turbines.

💡Renewable Energy

Renewable energy refers to energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, and water. The video script positions hydroelectric energy as a major component of the Philippines' renewable energy mix, emphasizing its sustainability and environmental benefits over non-renewable energy sources.

💡Dam

A dam is a barrier that blocks or restricts the flow of water in a river or stream. In the video, dams are discussed as integral structures in hydroelectric power plants, creating a large water reservoir that stores enough water to supply the plant at all times. The script explains that the dam is the wall that creates the reservoir, which is the water supply for the hydropower plant.

💡Reservoir

A reservoir is a storage space for holding water, often created by a dam. In the context of hydroelectric power plants, the script clarifies that a reservoir is different from a dam, where the dam is the structure that creates the reservoir. The reservoir serves as the water supply for the hydropower plant, ensuring a consistent flow of water to drive the turbines.

💡Penstock

A penstock is a conduit, usually a pipe or a tunnel, that carries water from a reservoir to a turbine. The video script describes the penstock as a critical component in hydropower plants, ensuring the flow of water to the turbine, which is necessary for electricity generation. The penstock channels the water from the reservoir to the powerhouse where it drives the turbines.

💡Turbine

A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that converts the kinetic energy of a fluid into mechanical energy. In hydroelectric power plants, as mentioned in the script, turbines are driven by the force of falling or flowing water. The turning of the turbine is what ultimately powers the generator to produce electricity.

💡Powerhouse

The powerhouse is the part of a hydroelectric power plant where the turbines and generators are housed. The script explains that the powerhouse contains the machinery necessary for electricity generation, including the turbines driven by the water flow and the generators that convert the mechanical energy from the turbines into electrical energy.

💡Impoundment Facility

An impoundment facility is a type of hydropower plant that involves the construction of a dam to store water, which is then released to generate electricity. The video script describes this as the most common type of hydropower plant, where the dam creates a reservoir that can be used to produce electricity on demand.

💡Run of River Plants

Run of river plants are hydropower facilities that use the natural flow of a river to generate electricity without the need for large reservoirs. The script explains that these plants redirect river water through a system of channels and pipes to a turbine, which then generates electricity. This type of plant is less disruptive to the natural environment compared to impoundment facilities.

💡Pumped Storage Facility

A pumped storage facility is a modern type of hydropower plant that uses a system of two reservoirs to store and cycle water for electricity generation. The video script describes how, in these plants, water from a lower reservoir is pumped back to an upper reservoir after it has passed through a turbine. This setup allows for the generation of electricity on demand and provides a stable supply of power.

💡White Coal

The term 'white coal' is used colloquially in the script to refer to hydroelectric energy. It is a metaphorical term that likens the clean and efficient nature of hydroelectric power to coal, which is a traditional source of energy. The video emphasizes the environmental benefits of hydroelectric energy, positioning it as a 'clean' alternative to fossil fuels.

Highlights

Hydroelectric energy is the second top producer of renewable energy in the Philippines.

Around 40 percent of renewable energy in the Philippines is produced by hydroelectric power plants.

Hydroelectric energy technically means using water to produce electricity.

Hydroelectric power plants can harness electricity from water using dams or other methods.

Tidal power plants use the rise and fall of tides to turn turbines and produce electricity.

Hydroelectric power is the world's leading source of renewable energy, contributing to 83 percent of global renewable power.

Hydroelectric energy is sometimes referred to as 'white coal' due to its reliability.

A hydropower plant typically consists of three components: a dam, a penstock, and a powerhouse.

The dam creates a large waterfall to store water for the plant, while the penstock channels water to the turbine.

The powerhouse houses the turbines and generators that convert the water's kinetic energy into electricity.

There are three types of hydropower plants: impoundment, diversion or run of river, and pumped storage facilities.

Impoundment facilities create a dam to store water, which is then released to generate electricity.

Diversion or run of river facilities redirect river water through a system of pipes and channels to a power station.

Pumped storage power plants have two reservoirs and cycle water back into the upper reservoir after it passes through a turbine.

Pumped storage facilities are modern and provide a stable production of electricity.

Hydroelectric and geothermal energy are the main topics of discussion in this educational series.

The lesson concludes with an invitation for online consultation and a reminder to stay safe.

Transcripts

welcome class the second part now

seventh lesson at insert science

in this video i will talk about

hydroelectric

energy in the different hydro power

plants

so let's start

video in establish geothermal energy

and top producer in renewable

energies of philippines now the second

top producer of renewable energy

in the philippines is hydroelectric

energy or hydro power plants so around

40 percent

of renewable energy is produced

by hydroelectric power plant or

hydroelectric

energy

talking about hydroelectric energy it

technically means

that we are using water to produce

electricity

with this maharing gummamet non

conventional type

which includes the use of dam or

feathering

ma bagondine developed noways to harness

electricity

from water katura pagamet now waves or

key animal

non-tides like in this picture

it depicts a tidal power plant so the

rise

and fall of tides make the turbine

turn which in turn produces electricity

i want you to take note that

hydroelectric power or hydroelectric

energy

is the world's leading source of

renewable

energy so almost 83 percent

of renewable power in the world

is coming from hydroelectric power

plants

so mandalas ma papapan senore and saban

references

and hydroelectric energy as

white coal the hearing as a range

or savast nampa

hydroelectric energy

let's go with the components of

hydropower plant

so hiragana hydro power plants

for us to harness the electricity

from flowing water so metal

three conventional or common components

of your hydropower plant the first one

is the dam so the dam creates a large

waterfall

that stores enough water to supply

the plant at all times so technically in

this picture

eto young this is the reason

water reservoir is hydropower plant so

take note

a reservoir is different from adam

the dam is the wall that will create the

reservoir

and if we're talking about the reservoir

it is technically

the supply of water in a hydro power

plant

after the dam is your pen stock so the

pen stock could be a canal

a pipe or a tunnel that will

channel the water from the reservoir

from here

going to the turbine so this flow of

water will make sure

that your turbine will turn to create

electricity so after the water flow from

the turbine

then it will be released to another body

of

water so gusto malama concentration flow

of water

issuance pipe to make sure that the

turbine

will turn

component of your hydropower plant is

the powerhouse so the powerhouse

houses the turbines driven by the

waterfall

and the generator driven by the turbines

so as the turbine turns it will lead to

the work

of your generator param generate now

electricity

that will be distributed to all

the consumers

let's go with the types of hydropower

plants so we have

three types of hydropower plants

you have impoundment facility

diversion or run of river plants and

last one is pumped storage facility

so let's go with the first one

the first one is impoundment facility

so this is the common type or the most

common type

of hydropower plant in this case you

will be creating a dumb

to store water and then the release of

that water

will then in turn generate electricity

now in this picture of the maggot dam i

want you to take note that this is not

the pen stuff this is not the pencil

this is technically a spillway

regression water para hindi massive

this pipes is technically

your pen stock so this will direct you

to the powerhouse of the hydropower

plant

next one is the diversion or run of

river facility

so in this type of hydropower plant it

works by redirecting river water

through a little dam into pipes towards

a pen stuff

and feeding it downhill to the power

station

so on ginago arlandito is that you will

have

a river you will not get that water

direct directly from the flow of river

but you will be attaching a facility

detox a river so marine and illustration

at an and

facility that will collect water that

will die

divert water from the river going to

this

little dam tapos you water moladitos a

little damn natto

pupunta or makuflo through the pen stock

and through your powerhouse so in that

case in a sabbath and diversion

or random facility is not

that destructive like you're dumb

because

supply

natural flow of the river itself

no need to create a big dam

it's pumped storage power plant so you

under 11 hydro power plants antennas

casco which is your

impoundment and your diversion is

commonly used

in the philippines etona man the third

type

we can say the most modern pinnacle

modern

titan hydropower plant hindi machado

la luna philippines so on ubuntu nagawan

and pump storage power plant

so it combines a small storage reservoir

with a system for cycling water back

into the bigger reservoir after it has

been

released through a turbine so take note

that in a pump storage power plant you

will have two reservoirs one here

on top and one that is lower

so an idea is that capac matas on demand

electricity the upper reservoir will

release

water continuously going through your

powerhouse

papantas a lower reservoir so in that

case

electricity um

is that from the water from the lower

reservoir

will be pumped back to the upper

reservoir

to ensure that there will be a stable

supply of

water due to the upper reservoir

is stable then you produce

electricity so

[Music]

water more likely or most likely alpina

gold and pump storage power plant is

that

to have a stable production of

electricity

so that's our lesson about hydroelectric

energy

we will talk more about hydroelectric

and geothermal energy so adding online

consultation thank you and always stay

safe