MOSFET BJT or IGBT - Brief comparison Basic components #004
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the key differences between three types of transistors: MOSFETs, BJTs, and IGBTs. It explains how each type works, their advantages, and when to use one over the other, depending on factors like current, voltage, and application. The video covers aspects such as power control, switching speed, circuit complexity, and cost, helping viewers choose the right transistor for their projects. Additionally, the creator provides helpful diagrams and parameters to consider when selecting components. The video also includes a sponsorship from JL CPCB, discussing PCB production services.
Takeaways
- 📢 The video discusses the differences between MOSFETs, BJTs, and IGBTs, and their suitability for various electronic projects.
- 🔍 The choice between these transistors depends on the application area, load power modulation technique, and frequency requirements.
- 📡 BJTs are represented with a collector, emitter, and base, and their output current is controlled by the base current.
- 💧 MOSFETs have a drain, source, and gate, with current flow controlled by the voltage applied to the gate.
- 🔌 IGBTs combine features of both BJTs and MOSFETs, with an emitter, collector, and gate control like a MOSFET.
- 🔋 BJTs are high voltage, low current devices with complex base drive requirements.
- 💪 MOSFETs are high current, low voltage devices with simpler gate control circuits.
- 🏭 IGBTs are high voltage and high current devices with lower conduction losses but slower switching speeds.
- 📊 A three-dimensional graph is used to illustrate the maximum current, frequency, and voltage capabilities of each transistor type.
- 📄 When selecting a transistor, consider parameters like continuous current rating (IC), current gain (hFE), on voltage, turn-off time, and breakdown voltage.
- 💰 Cost is an important factor, with BJTs being the cheapest, MOSFETs medium-priced, and IGBTs generally more expensive.
Q & A
What are the three types of transistors discussed in the video?
-The video discusses MOSFETs, BJTs (Bipolar Junction Transistors), and IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors).
What is the primary function of these power semiconductor components?
-The primary function is to control the current through a load in a controlled manner, which could be fully on, fully off, or something in-between.
How does the current flow in a BJT?
-In a BJT, current flows between the collector and the emitter, and this flow is controlled by the signal applied to the base.
What is the control type for a MOSFET?
-The current flow between the drain and the source in a MOSFET is controlled by the voltage applied to the gate.
How does an IGBT differ from a MOSFET and a BJT in terms of control?
-An IGBT is a mix between a MOSFET and a BJT. It has the emitter and collector like a BJT, but it is controlled by a signal applied to the gate, similar to a MOSFET.
What are the typical applications of BJTs, MOSFETs, and IGBTs?
-BJTs are typically used for high voltage and low current applications, MOSFETs for high current and low voltage applications, and IGBTs for high voltage and high current applications.
What are the key parameters to consider when selecting a BJT?
-Key parameters for a BJT include the continuous current rating (IC), current gain (hFE), on voltage, turn off time, and breakdown voltage.
What parameters are important to check for a MOSFET?
-For a MOSFET, it's important to check the threshold voltage, current rating, and on resistance.
How does the cost generally compare between BJTs, MOSFETs, and IGBTs?
-BJTs are usually the cheapest, followed by MOSFETs at a medium price, and IGBTs are generally more expensive.
What is the significance of the three-dimensional graph for applications mentioned in the video?
-The three-dimensional graph helps to visualize the maximum current, maximum frequency, and maximum voltage capabilities for each type of transistor, aiding in the selection process based on specific circuit requirements.
Why might one choose an IGBT over a BJT or a MOSFET?
-One might choose an IGBT over a BJT or a MOSFET because IGBTs combine the high voltage and current handling capabilities of BJTs with the simple gate control of MOSFETs, making them suitable for applications requiring high power management with lower switching losses.
Outlines
🔬 Introduction to Transistors: MOSFETs, BJTs, and IGBTs
This paragraph introduces the topic of the video, which is a comparison and explanation of three types of transistors: MOSFETs, BJTs, and IGBTs. The video aims to address common questions about when to use each type, their differences, and which might be best suited for various projects. The narrator encourages viewers to subscribe and activate notifications to stay updated with future videos. The video is sponsored by JL CPCB, which is highlighted for its new PCB batch production capabilities and competitive pricing. The paragraph sets the stage for an in-depth look at the characteristics and applications of each transistor type, emphasizing the importance of understanding their roles in circuit design, such as motor control, power supply, and audio amplification.
📊 Transistor Comparison: Characteristics and Applications
This paragraph delves into the specifics of how each transistor type functions and their key characteristics. It explains the fundamental purpose of power semiconductor components, which is to control the current through a load in a controlled manner. The BJT is described as a high-voltage, low-current device with complex base drive requirements, suitable for applications up to thousands of volts but limited to a few amps. The MOSFET is characterized as a high-current, low-voltage device with simpler gate control, capable of handling high currents but limited to around 100 volts. The IGBT is highlighted as a high-voltage, high-current device with lower on-state losses and simpler gate control, although it has slower switching speeds. The paragraph also introduces a three-dimensional graph to visualize the maximum current, frequency, and voltage for each component, helping to clarify their application areas. Additionally, it outlines important parameters to consider when selecting transistors, such as continuous current rating (IC), current gain (hFE), on-voltage, turn-off time, and breakdown voltage for BJTs; threshold voltage, current rating, and on resistance for MOSFETs; and similar parameters for IGBTs, with the added note that IGBTs do not have a current gain. The paragraph concludes with a reminder of the importance of cost considerations when selecting components, with a general price trend from low for BJTs to medium for MOSFETs and higher for IGBTs.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡MOSFET
💡BJT
💡IGBT
💡Transistor
💡Gate
💡Control Type
💡Current Rating
💡Voltage Rating
💡Switching Speed
💡On Resistance
💡Cost
Highlights
Introduction to the topic of transistors: MOSFETs, BJTs, and IGBTs, and their applications.
Explanation of the basic function of power semiconductor components to control current through a load.
Icon representation and structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs).
Icon representation and structure of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs).
Icon representation and structure of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), highlighting their hybrid nature.
Control type differences between BJTs, MOSFETs, and IGBTs.
BJTs described as high voltage and low current devices with complex base drive requirements.
MOSFETs characterized as high current and low voltage devices with simpler gate control.
IGBTs as high voltage and high current devices with lower losses and simple gate control.
Three-dimensional graph for applications showcasing max current, frequency, and voltage for each transistor type.
Practical applications of each component as a power control device.
Parameters to consider when selecting BJTs, including continuous current rating and current gain.
Parameters for MOSFETs, such as threshold voltage, current rating, and on resistance.
Parameters for IGBTs, which are similar to BJTs but without current gain.
Cost considerations for different transistors, with BJTs being the cheapest, followed by MOSFETs and IGBTs.
Encouragement for viewers to subscribe and activate notifications for future videos.
Call to action for supporting the creator's work on Patreon.
Transcripts
mosfets bjts & IGBTs there were a lot of
requests for this topic in all my basic
component videos when to use one kind of
these transistors or the other one which
are the differences between these three
types of transistors how they work which
one is better suited for your projects
and what are the main characteristics
that's what we will see in today's basic
components video I will try to show you
some graphs explain all that I know
about these components and in this way
maybe you will learn which one is better
for your circuit but before we start
make sure that you click the subscribe
button but also to activate a
notification bell because otherwise you
might miss all my future videos that I
post also a huge thank you to all my
patrons for supporting my work so let's
get started video sponsored by JL CPCB
they have a new PCB batch production
factory more than 10,000 orders per day
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ordering PCBs is very easy upload the
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welcome back for this video we have
three types of transistors first we have
the MOSFET then the BJT and the IGBT
these are all well-known transistors and
are all used in all kind of circuits but
what to use one and not the other which
one is better well it depends it depends
on what you are looking for in your
circuit that you are designing for
example the application area it could be
for motor control maybe to make a power
supply or an audio amplifier and so on
so that will influence your choice at
the same time the load power modulation
technique will also affect for example
it could be a linear control a switching
mode and a static one and also the
frequency will also affect so for that
we need to take a look on how each of
these components will work let's see the
main differences between these three
types first of all the rank the current
through a load in a controlled manner is
the primary function of any power
semiconductor component we have our load
and want to control the current flow
which could be fully on fully off or
something in-between of that and that
will change depending on the signal
applied to the gate or the base of our
transistor first comparison will be the
icon representation and the piece of
each transistor the bipolar Junction
transistor has this icon and it has a
collector the emitter and the base
current could flow between the collector
and the emitter and that is controlled
by the signal applied to the base for
the MOSFET we have the drain the source
and the gate and in the same way current
could flow between the drain and the
source and that is controlled by the
signal applied to the gate now the IGBT
is a mix between these two and it has
the emitter and the collector has the
BJT but it is controlled by a signal
applied to the gate as the MOSFET does
okay so the second comparison will be
the control type of each of these
transistors for the BJT the output
current is a function that depends on
the current amount applied to the base
more correct apply to the base means
more current flow between the collector
and the emitter that means that the gain
is given by the current applied to the
base we apply a very small current to
the base and the bigger current flow
will be between the collector and the
emitter and that's why we use the BJT
now for the MOSFET the current flow
between the drain and the source is
controlled by the voltage applied to the
gate this voltage at the gate will
modulate the channel resistance and thus
the current through the transistor now
the IGBT is also controlled by the
voltage at the gate which will modulate
both the channel resistance and the
current carriers so once again this is a
mix between the MOSFET and bjts but all
these types of power transistors have
again so they can be used as amplifiers
as well as switches
so what other differences we have for
that let's either use as high power
switching transistors since power is
current times voltage we have to look at
the current and voltage capabilities
first the BJT is considered to be a high
voltage and low current device it has
low losses when it's turned on can be
switched up to speeds of around 100
kilohertz the current is limited to a
few amps but it could operate up to even
thousands of volts to precisely control
the current flow these transistors
requires a complex base drive where the
small current and the base is also
controlled maybe even a feedback loop
for the MOSFET we can say that is a high
current but low voltage device the
resistance between the drain and the
source is low so it would carry high
currents it could operate at high speeds
up to 500 kilohertz it could control
high currents loads but for only maybe
up to 100 volts the gate control circuit
is simpler than the BJT finally for the
IGBT we could say it is a high voltage
but also high current device that's why
this component is very interesting it
has much lower losses when it's turned
on it also has a simple circuit for the
gate control but the switching speeds
are very low around 50 kilohertz to
better see this we have a three
dimensions for applications graph where
we could see the max current the maximum
frequency and the maximum voltage for
each component as you can see MOSFET
could reach high currents but they will
work at relative low voltages bjts could
handle higher voltages but the current
value is lower and IGBTs could withstand
good voltage and current values and
these are some examples on which
application could each of these
components be used as power control
device okay guys other parameters you
need to have in mind when searching for
components and checking data sheets for
the BJT we first have the IC which will
show the value of continuous current
rating we also have the
hf e which is the current gain the
relation between the current at the base
and the current between the collector
and the emitter also look at the on
voltage value the turn off time and the
breakdown voltage since these are also
important parameters for the MOSFET you
might want to check the threshold
voltage which is the minimum voltage
between the gate and the source you have
to apply in order to activate the
component also check the current rating
and the on resistance for more
complicated circuits where you must have
that in consideration as well for igbts
who have more or less the same as for
the BJT but there is no current gain
finally but not least important as a
designer you must have in mind the cost
this could change depending on the
quantity that you want to buy but
usually for low quantities the BJT are
very cheap then the MOSFETs are a medium
price and usually IGBTs
are a little bit more expensive please
check all the tables i put below this
video in order to see more parameters
now you should know how to select your
transistor according to the needs of
voltage the current values for your
circuit the switching speed that you
want to use the resistance the circuit
complexity the gain and amplification
size and price I hope that you
understand the theory behind these three
kinds of components I also hope that
this video will help you and teach you
something new if so consider subscribing
and please make sure that to activate a
notification bell because otherwise you
won't receive notification when I upload
new videos also consider supporting my
work on patreon so thanks again and see
you later guys
[Music]
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