دقائق المانية مع ضياء (122) - ohne ... zu/ (an)statt ... zu

Summary

The video script is an educational lecture focusing on Arabic grammar, specifically the use of the particle 'لا' (meaning 'without') in various contexts. It explores the concept of actions performed without a certain condition being met, using examples to illustrate the grammatical structure. The lecture also touches on the differences between the Syrian and Egyptian dialects regarding the use of the active voice and the role of the subject in a sentence. Additionally, it delves into the use of 'بدلا من' (meaning 'instead of') and provides examples of how it modifies the meaning of sentences. The script is interspersed with German phrases, suggesting a bilingual approach to language learning.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the use of the Arabic language, focusing on the grammar rules related to the use of 'without' (دون) in sentences.
• 🌐 The script provides examples of how to use 'without' in different contexts, such as traveling without saying goodbye (سافر لبرا البلد دون أن يودع نفسه).
• 📚 It explains the difference between using 'without' with the active form of the verb and the passive form, and when to use each.
• 🗣️ The video script includes a comparison of how the concept of 'without' is used in Arabic versus other languages like German.
• 🎓 It touches on the use of 'without' in the context of actions not being performed, such as sleeping without singing a song (من دون أن أغني لها قبل النوم).
• 👨‍👧 The script uses examples to illustrate the concept of 'without', including scenarios like leaving a place without being noticed (ترك مكان مسرح الجريمة هو ثم ترك، م يجد المر لاحقا، اثار هو).
• 🎵 The video also delves into the use of 'instead of' (بدلا من) and how it contrasts with 'without', showing different sentence structures.
• 🏡 An example given is staying at home instead of going out (انا راح ابقى بالبيت بدلا من الذهاب), highlighting the choice between two actions.
• 👨‍💻 The script mentions the importance of using 'instead of' in the context of choosing one action over another, such as studying instead of watching TV (قرا الكتاب عوضا من مشاهدة التلفاز).
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 It also covers the use of 'instead of' in family contexts, like parents leaving children to play outside instead of doing their chores (الابوين تركوهم يلعبوا برا بدلا من انه الاطفال ينجزوا وظائفهم).

Q & A

What does the phrase 'دون أن' mean in Arabic?

The phrase 'دون أن' in Arabic means 'without' and is used to indicate an action is done without something happening or being present.

How is the verb form changed when using 'دون أن' in a sentence?

When using 'دون أن' in a sentence, the verb form changes to the second form (فعل زهي), the direct object pronoun is removed, and the verb is attached to the end of the sentence.

What is the difference between using 'دون أن' and 'بدون' in Arabic?

The difference between 'دون أن' and 'بدون' in Arabic is that 'دون أن' is used to indicate an action is done without something happening, while 'بدون' is used to indicate the absence of something without necessarily implying an action.

Can you provide an example of using 'دون أن' in a sentence?

An example of using 'دون أن' in a sentence is 'ذهبت إلى المكتب دون أن أتحدث مع صديقي' which means 'I went to the office without talking to my friend.'

What is the role of the pronoun 'هو' in the context of 'دون أن'?

In the context of 'دون أن', the pronoun 'هو' is used to emphasize the subject of the sentence, indicating that the subject is the one performing the action without the specified condition.

How is the verb 'فعل' used in the script to explain the concept of 'دون أن'?

The verb 'فعل' is used in its second form (فعل زهي) and attached to the end of the sentence after removing the direct object pronoun to explain the concept of 'دون أن'.

What is the significance of the word 'تمو' in the script?

The word 'تمو' is used to emphasize the use of the verb in its source form (صيغة المصدر) when the subjects of two actions are not equal.

Why is the word 'ض' used in the script when discussing the verb forms?

The word 'ض' is used to explain the use of the verb form when the subjects of two actions are not equal, indicating the use of the verb in its passive voice (صيغة الضمير).

What does the phrase 'بدلا من' mean and how is it used in the script?

The phrase 'بدلا من' means 'instead of' and is used in the script to contrast two actions or states, showing a preference or a substitution.

Can you provide an example of the use of 'بدلا من' in a sentence from the script?

An example from the script is 'بدلا من الذهاب مع صديقه، راح يبقى بالبيت' which means 'Instead of going out with his friend, he will stay at home.'

Outlines

00:00

📚 Language Learning and Grammar

This paragraph discusses the nuances of Arabic grammar, specifically focusing on the use of the preposition 'without' (دون) and its impact on sentence structure. It compares the use of the active and passive voice in Arabic, illustrating the differences with examples such as traveling to a country without saying goodbye. The speaker also touches on the use of 'without' in different contexts, such as leaving a party or playing the lottery for years without winning. The segment ends with a brief mention of learning German phrases, indicating a multilingual approach to language education.

05:28

🎣 Fishing and Daily Life Expressions

The second paragraph delves into the use of the word 'without' (دون) in various everyday scenarios, such as fishing without catching anything or leaving without turning off the lights. It also explores the concept of actions being performed without certain conditions being met, like a person speaking without being tired or a child sleeping without being sung to. The paragraph uses these examples to demonstrate how the absence of an action or condition can be expressed in Arabic, providing a practical understanding of the language's structure.

10:36

🌙 Nighttime Activities and Language Nuances

This paragraph continues the exploration of the Arabic language, focusing on the concept of actions happening without the actor's intention or awareness. It uses examples such as a person leaving a crime scene without being noticed or a light being turned on without anyone touching it to illustrate the passive voice and the use of 'without' (دون). The speaker also contrasts the active and passive constructions in Arabic, emphasizing the importance of understanding the context in which the language is used. The paragraph concludes with a brief foray into German, reinforcing the theme of language learning.

15:39

🏠 Home and School Life Comparisons

The fourth paragraph contrasts different activities and their outcomes, using the phrase 'instead of' (بدلا من) to highlight the contrast. It covers scenarios such as staying at home instead of going to the beach, doing homework instead of playing, and preferring to read a book instead of watching TV. The paragraph uses these examples to show how choices and preferences are expressed in Arabic, emphasizing the importance of making conscious decisions and the language used to describe them.

20:48

😔 Emotional States and Parental Responsibilities

The final paragraph addresses the emotional state of sadness and how it can be managed. It uses the phrase 'instead of' (بدلا من) to suggest that engaging in positive activities is better than wallowing in sadness. The paragraph also touches on parental responsibilities, suggesting that leaving children to play outside instead of completing their chores is a form of giving them a chance to enjoy their childhood. The use of 'instead of' is further exemplified with the idea of providing opportunities for dialogue rather than one-sided conversations, highlighting the importance of communication and interaction.

Keywords

💡Arabic Grammar

Arabic Grammar is the set of rules and conventions governing the structure of the Arabic language. It includes the study of verbs, nouns, and sentence structure. In the video, the script discusses various grammatical concepts such as verb conjugation and the use of prepositions, which are crucial for understanding the language's syntax. For example, the script mentions 'دون' (without) and how it is used in different contexts to express actions without a certain condition being met.

💡Verb Conjugation

Verb Conjugation refers to the process of altering the form of a verb for tense, mood, aspect, voice, person, number, and gender. In the video, the script explains how verbs change form in Arabic, particularly focusing on the second form of the verb and how it is used without the pronoun, as in 'دون ان' (without), to create different meanings.

💡Prepositions

Prepositions are words that connect nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence, showing the relationship between them. The script discusses how prepositions like 'دون' (without) are used in Arabic to express the absence of an action or condition. It's a key concept in understanding how sentences are constructed and how actions are described in relation to other elements.

💡Pronouns

Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in sentences, often to avoid repetition. The video script touches on the use of pronouns in Arabic, especially in the context of verb conjugation. It explains how pronouns are omitted in certain grammatical structures, such as when using 'دون' (without), to create a more concise sentence.

💡Sentence Structure

Sentence Structure refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. The script provides insights into Arabic sentence structure, emphasizing how verbs and prepositions interact to convey meaning. For instance, it explains how the structure changes when using 'دون' (without) to express an action that is done without a certain condition.

💡Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences are statements that express a situation that depends on something else. The video script delves into how conditional sentences are formed in Arabic using 'دون' (without) to express conditions that are not met. This is important for understanding the nuances of Arabic expressions and the implications of actions.

💡Active Voice

Active Voice is a grammatical voice where the subject of the sentence performs the action. The script contrasts the active voice with the passive voice, explaining how the subject's role in performing the action is indicated in Arabic. It uses examples from the script to illustrate how verbs are conjugated in the active voice to show who is doing the action.

💡Passive Voice

Passive Voice is a grammatical voice where the subject of the sentence is acted upon by the verb. The video script discusses the passive voice in Arabic, explaining how it is used to focus on the action rather than who is performing it. It provides examples from the script to show how the passive voice is formed and how it differs from the active voice.

💡Direct Object

A Direct Object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb in a sentence. The script mentions direct objects in the context of verb conjugation, explaining how they are used in Arabic sentences to indicate what or whom the action is being done to. It provides examples to show how direct objects are integral to understanding the meaning of a sentence.

💡Indirect Object

An Indirect Object is a noun or pronoun that indicates to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done. The video script touches on the concept of indirect objects in Arabic, explaining their role in sentences and how they are used to show the beneficiary of an action. It uses examples from the script to illustrate the function of indirect objects in sentence structure.

Highlights

Explaining the use of 'دون' in Arabic grammar without a subject pronoun.

Discussing the difference between using 'دون' with and without a subject pronoun in Arabic sentences.

Illustrating the use of 'دون' with examples like 'سافر لبراك' and 'WITHOUT告别'.

Clarifying the meaning of 'دون' as 'without' and its application in sentences.

Teaching the second form of the verb 'يذهب' and its use in sentences without a subject pronoun.

Introducing the use of 'تو' and 'ض' in sentences with equal and unequal subjects.

Providing an example of using 'دون' with a verb in its source form to express 'without'.

Discussing the use of 'دون' in the context of 'WITHOUT告别' and its implications.

Exploring the concept of 'بدلا من' as 'instead of' in Arabic grammar.

Giving examples of using 'بدلا من' to express actions done instead of another.

Comparing the use of 'بدلا من' in different contexts and its grammatical implications.

Discussing the use of 'بدلا من' in the context of preference and choice.

Providing a practical example of using 'بدلا من' in a sentence about a person's choice.

Exploring the concept of 'بدلا من' in the context of actions and their alternatives.

Discussing the use of 'بدلا من' in the context of a person's decision to stay instead of going out.

Providing a German example to illustrate the use of 'بدلا من' in a comparative context.

Exploring the use of 'بدلا من' in the context of a child's playtime instead of doing homework.

Discussing the implications of using 'بدلا من' in the context of a person's actions and their alternatives.

Providing a practical example of using 'بدلا من' in a sentence about a person's decision to work abroad.

Exploring the use of 'بدلا من' in the context of a person's choice between two actions.

Discussing the grammatical structure of 'بدلا من' and its use in sentences.

Transcripts

[موسيقى]

السلام عليكم ورحمه الله وبركاته معكم ع

في

دقائق نرجع للقواعد شوي عننا اليوم

اونس

وونوو زائد انيف شو معنا

الحكي ها معناه يعني دون ان

دون ان وهذا كم يعني دون ان بس ه بشوف

الفرق

مثلا يعني هو سافر راح لبراك

البلد سافر لبرا البلد راح لبرا البلد دون

ان

يودع

نفسه دون ان

افعل لاخر الجمله ا يعني دون

ان سافر لبرا البلد راح لبرا البلد دون ان

يودع

نفسه فينا ناخذ الشكلين الشكل الاني

كمان ابشي الفعل زشي يعني

يع بالشكل الثاني ونحذف الدس ونحذف الضمير

والتو بلاصق الفعل باخر جمله مثل هون اون

تسو الفعل بون اخر شي بصيغه المصدر وقبله

تسو تمام

اونش ابشي راح لبرا البلد نفس المعنى من

دون وداع هون مع الضمير فيك تقول دون ان

يودع نفسه دون ان يودع نفسه هون بمعنى انه

ادق يعني من دون

وداع من دون هون مع من راح لبرا البلد من

دون وداع صيغه المصدر من دون ودع

تمام نحن بستعمل توو نحن بستعمل ص لما

بونوا الفاعلين متساويين بنستعمل

توو تمام لما بون الفعلين غير متساويين

بستعمل ض مثلم قلنا لما كون الفعلين

متساويين يفضل نستعملو لما بكونوا ير

متساويين نستعمل دامون نفس الشي لما بون

متساوين

مثلا من دون

قولو ترك الحفله من دون من دون

ق هون هو

‏deut

[موسيقى]

deut

تعلم

مع ‏zu

haben dass

erin

hat er ist ein auto gefahren

s

‏im kalten

wasser ohne sich zu

erk

spielt spi er spielt seit jahren loto

‏schen

منعل جمع

تم من دون

صنع

ايض انلا يعني

الصياد الصياد فش يعني

صص

سمك عند البحيره وين عم

ص حرف الجر اني بده

حسب البحيره او عند

البحر دونل

رخم

احمد

راص

‏geten zu

[موسيقى]

haben er ft in der nacht ein

auto

licht hab

الفعل ر

الجمله مع

الماض هون انتم وهون نحن الفاعل م انتم

ساعدتم الفاعل هون

انتم دون ان

نحن نسالكم حول ذلك تمون

نحن

نربط

ذ

‏meine tochter ist eingeschlafen ohne

dass ich ihr ein lied vor gesungen

hab

toter

‏sein ein schlafen

se habe vor gesungen

w meine tochter ist eingeschlafen ohne

dass ich ihr ohne dass ich ihr ein voren

habe

وغني غنيت

لها قبل

اتب

يعني البواب هون انا يلي رحت هون البواب

ما شاف

‏ich

manch

صس دون ان يلاح

الواحد مباشره هون الواح

افاعل

بلاحظ

نسور

nicht

هو لا يستطيع

التحدث دون ان

انعس ان اصبح نعسان ما بيحكي الا اذا نعس

تمام هون انا هون هو فعليه نفس

شيست ومن ثم هذا مخطف من المقطع يعني ومن

ثم ترك مكان مسرح الجريمه هو ثم ترك

م يجد المر لاحقا

اثار هو ترمر يعنيي ادم الواحد يشوف

اثار بمعنى ان

الضوء

انعل

ش الضو اغل

هون يعني يخلط وه يلمس تمام

شطط

القابس

مع الضو اشتغل بدون ما اي حدا

يلمس

يلمس شو اسمه القاس هون الضو نشعل هون

الفاعل الضوء هون

الفاعل شخص ما

تمام طبعا هون الفاعل بالعربي نحن تعلمنا

انه الفاعل هو من يقوم بالفعل تمام بس هو

منهاج السوري بس المنهاج المصري كان هو

الفاعل من يقوم بالفعل او ما دل عليه هلا

هونش مو هو

الفاعل بس بدل على الفعل مو هو قام بفعل

انه شعل حاله هو اشتعل مثلا سقط الزجاج

سقط سقط القلم هذا القلم

بايدي سقط

القلم القلم يعتبر

فاعل بس انا اللي اسقطته مو القلم اسقط

حاله يعني مو دائما الفاعل هو الذي يقوم

بالفعل تمام ججي لنفس المبدا بس هون هنك

دونا هون بدلا ا انش

من

عن den

gag من ان يعمل بدلا من ان يعمل تشت بسحب

الفعل لاخر

الجمله او فيك

تعملها قنا بتحذف ال بتحذف الضمير وبتحط

سو وفعل بصيغه

المصدر بدلا من العمل هون بصيغه المصدر

بدلا من العمل هون انه في ان بدلا من

يعمل من ال عوض عن

العمل

المتسا den

zu

انا انا راح ابقى بالبيت

بدلا من الذهاب عوضا عن

الذهاب انا اللي ابقى وانا اللي راح اروح

فانا راح ابقى عوض على انه اذهب فعل

نفس عوضا عن الذهاب او بدلا من

الذهاب مع

اص

‏und

der

den zu hause statt mit meinen freunden

an den strand zu du solltest die

hausaufgaben

machen den ganzen tag computer

spen توجب عليك انجاز وظئف

المدرسه المنزل البيت عوض عن

اللعب بد

منب الهار

الببو

الش

تض هذا جا المان نظام يفضل البقا من

البيت احسن من انه يساعد بدلا من مساعده

عوضا عن مساعده

صديقه

اذا فعل مركب

بالنص جاسم يفضل قرا الكتاب عوضا من

مشاهده التلفاز الفعل مشاهده التلفاز

المصدرون يفضل الذهاب يتمشى يروح

يتمشى

عوض من الذهاب ال

السباحه عوض من الذهاب ال

السباحه را خارج

البد يعني

صل

الشغل برا البلد بدلا من مواصله شغل شو اي

شغلش محل ابوه

هونشو ليش هون اسمين ورا بعض محل

ابيه عود الذر محل ابيه الضيا

اس

‏er ging ins ausland statt gesch des

vines vaters

weiteren

[موسيقى]

fr

‏fragen

imen ‏im

n wir sollten sofort

losen ب من

انتظار بدلا من انتظ خليل

الفعل

حرف

الش

خ

طبعا

خ

eine

‏anen

رساله من

مثالب ال

بالان

عل

علف

بدلا من ان يكتئب

على الدوام انه يقعد ويحزن يحزن بحاله

اشغل حالك بشي احسن ما تقعد وتحزن بدلا

من احزان نفسه على

الدوام هون هلا بيجي لاذا كانوا الفعلين

مو متساوي

الاث بهج

هذا يعني

خمش الابوين ترك

الاطفال يلعب

برا

kind

بدلا من ان يكتبوا او ينجزوا

وظائفهم الابوين تركوهم يلعبوا برا بدلا

من انه الاطفال ينجزوا وظائفهم فط الاطفال

وظئف

مصطلح

يعني

[تصفيق]

اعطاء فرصه

للكلام المستمعين لك يعني مستمعين لك

يتوجب

ايض اعطائهم

لللام

اعلام

منث فقط نز تمام هون انت اللي بتتحدث

تتحدث انت

فقط هون المستمعين هون المستمعين ه الفاعل

مستمعيك لازم ياخذوا فرصه الكلام بدلا من

انه انت

تتحدث فعليه

نفسي

ي يدا بمعنى كل واحد بيحكي على الثاني

ي كل واحد بحاول يوقع الثاني ‏anstatt

dass

bs gegenseitig

hen

jer

eden eden

‏anst

dass

hen

[موسيقى]

ا