Segundo Reinado em 5 MINUTOS! - (50 minutos em 5) Débora Aladim

Summary

This video offers a concise exploration of Brazil's Second Reign, focusing on Dom Pedro I's rule from his ascension at 14 through the coup of maturity to the declaration of the republic. It delves into his centralization of power, the establishment of 'parliamentarismo avesso', and the economic and social impacts of his policies, including the Tarifa Alves Branco and the laws addressing slavery. The video also touches on the internal and external challenges faced, such as conflicts with England and the push for industrialization led by Baron de Mauá. It concludes with the end of the monarchy and the rise of the republic, marked by the Proclamation of the Republic and the first president, Deodoro da Fonseca.

Takeaways

• 👑 The Second Reign in Brazil was under the rule of Dom Pedro I, starting with the 'golpe da maioridade' when he began governing at the age of 14 and ending with the proclamation of the republic.
• 🏛️ Dom Pedro I centralized the government, removing autonomy from states and implementing a form of 'parliamentarismo avesso' where he chose the deputies instead of popular elections, to stabilize internal politics.
• 🌎 Externally, Brazil faced conflicts with countries like England, leading to the approval of the 'Tarifa Alves Branco', which increased taxes on English goods, boosting internal economy and production.
• 🚢 In response to England's 'lei Bill alberdin', Brazil approved 'lei Eusébio de Queiroz', ending the slave trade and making slaves more expensive and less numerous, impacting the coffee plantation owners.
• ☕ The coffee industry boomed during the Second Reign, becoming Brazil's main export and economic driver, leading to laws like 'lei de terras' to ensure a workforce for plantations.
• 🏭 The era of 'er Mauá' saw industrialization efforts by the Barão de Mauá, who built Brazil's first railway and established banks and factories, but faced opposition from the coffee elite and eventually failed.
• 🗣️ Dom Pedro I faced a loss of support from the church, the military, and the elite due to his handling of issues like the war with Paraguay and the abolition of slavery.
• 📜 He approved laws like 'Lei do Ventre Livre' and 'lei do sexagenários' to gradually end slavery, but it wasn't enough to quell the pressure for complete abolition.
• 🕊️ The 'Lei Áurea', approved by Isabel, Dom Pedro II's daughter, finally abolished slavery, but it led to a loss of support from the slave-owning elite.
• 🏛️ The end of the Second Reign came with a coup led by the military, and on November 15, 1889, the republic was proclaimed by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, marking the transition to a new form of government.

Q & A

What was the Second Reign in Brazil's history?

The Second Reign was the period of government under Dom Pedro I, starting with the coup of maturity when he began to rule Brazil at 14 years old and ending with the proclamation of the Republic.

How did Dom Pedro I centralize power during his reign?

Dom Pedro I centralized power by removing autonomy from states and installing a form of parliamentarism where he chose the deputies instead of having them elected by the people.

What was the 'Question of the Chaco' mentioned in the script?

The 'Question of the Chaco' was a diplomatic conflict between Brazil and England, which led to Brazil approving the Tarifa Alves Branco, increasing the taxes on English goods.

How did the Tarifa Alves Branco affect Brazil's economy?

The Tarifa Alves Branco increased taxes on English goods, leading to higher revenue for Brazil and encouraging domestic production as English products became less competitive.

What was the British response to Brazil's Tarifa Alves Branco?

In response, England passed the Bill alberdin law, which aimed to patrol the Pacific Ocean and sink any slave trade ships they encountered.

What law did Brazil pass in response to the British anti-slave trade efforts?

Brazil passed the Eusébio de Queiroz law, which declared that the slave trade would no longer be allowed in Brazil, effectively ending the importation of new slaves.

How did the end of the slave trade affect the coffee plantation owners in Brazil?

The end of the slave trade made slaves more expensive and less numerous, which was detrimental to the plantation owners. To compensate, the law of lands was passed, requiring land ownership through purchase, thus ensuring a workforce for the plantations.

What was the 'Era Mauá' and its significance during the Second Reign?

The 'Era Mauá' was a period of industrialization in Brazil, led by the Barão de Mauá, who built the first railway, installed lighting in Rio de Janeiro, and established banks and factories. However, it failed due to the lack of support from the coffee elite.

Why did Dom Pedro I lose support from various sectors of society?

Dom Pedro I lost support from the church for ignoring a papal order, from the military due to complications from the Paraguayan War, and from the elite due to the abolition of slavery.

What were the two laws Dom Pedro I approved regarding slavery?

Dom Pedro I approved the Lei do Ventre Livre, which declared that all children of slaves would be free, and the law of the sexagenarians, which freed all slaves over 60 years old.

What event marked the end of the Second Reign and the beginning of the Republic in Brazil?

The end of the Second Reign and the beginning of the Republic in Brazil was marked by the Proclamation of the Republic on November 15, 1889, led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, who became the first president of Brazil.