Segundo Reinado em 5 MINUTOS! - (50 minutos em 5) Débora Aladim

Summary

This video offers a concise exploration of Brazil's Second Reign, focusing on Dom Pedro I's rule from his ascension at 14 through the coup of maturity to the declaration of the republic. It delves into his centralization of power, the establishment of 'parliamentarismo avesso', and the economic and social impacts of his policies, including the Tarifa Alves Branco and the laws addressing slavery. The video also touches on the internal and external challenges faced, such as conflicts with England and the push for industrialization led by Baron de Mauá. It concludes with the end of the monarchy and the rise of the republic, marked by the Proclamation of the Republic and the first president, Deodoro da Fonseca.

Takeaways

• 👑 The Second Reign in Brazil was under the rule of Dom Pedro I, starting with the 'golpe da maioridade' when he began governing at the age of 14 and ending with the proclamation of the republic.
• 🏛️ Dom Pedro I centralized the government, removing autonomy from states and implementing a form of 'parliamentarismo avesso' where he chose the deputies instead of popular elections, to stabilize internal politics.
• 🌎 Externally, Brazil faced conflicts with countries like England, leading to the approval of the 'Tarifa Alves Branco', which increased taxes on English goods, boosting internal economy and production.
• 🚢 In response to England's 'lei Bill alberdin', Brazil approved 'lei Eusébio de Queiroz', ending the slave trade and making slaves more expensive and less numerous, impacting the coffee plantation owners.
• ☕ The coffee industry boomed during the Second Reign, becoming Brazil's main export and economic driver, leading to laws like 'lei de terras' to ensure a workforce for plantations.
• 🏭 The era of 'er Mauá' saw industrialization efforts by the Barão de Mauá, who built Brazil's first railway and established banks and factories, but faced opposition from the coffee elite and eventually failed.
• 🗣️ Dom Pedro I faced a loss of support from the church, the military, and the elite due to his handling of issues like the war with Paraguay and the abolition of slavery.
• 📜 He approved laws like 'Lei do Ventre Livre' and 'lei do sexagenários' to gradually end slavery, but it wasn't enough to quell the pressure for complete abolition.
• 🕊️ The 'Lei Áurea', approved by Isabel, Dom Pedro II's daughter, finally abolished slavery, but it led to a loss of support from the slave-owning elite.
• 🏛️ The end of the Second Reign came with a coup led by the military, and on November 15, 1889, the republic was proclaimed by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, marking the transition to a new form of government.

Q & A

What was the Second Reign in Brazil's history?

The Second Reign was the period of government under Dom Pedro I, starting with the coup of maturity when he began to rule Brazil at 14 years old and ending with the proclamation of the Republic.

How did Dom Pedro I centralize power during his reign?

Dom Pedro I centralized power by removing autonomy from states and installing a form of parliamentarism where he chose the deputies instead of having them elected by the people.

What was the 'Question of the Chaco' mentioned in the script?

The 'Question of the Chaco' was a diplomatic conflict between Brazil and England, which led to Brazil approving the Tarifa Alves Branco, increasing the taxes on English goods.

How did the Tarifa Alves Branco affect Brazil's economy?

The Tarifa Alves Branco increased taxes on English goods, leading to higher revenue for Brazil and encouraging domestic production as English products became less competitive.

What was the British response to Brazil's Tarifa Alves Branco?

In response, England passed the Bill alberdin law, which aimed to patrol the Pacific Ocean and sink any slave trade ships they encountered.

What law did Brazil pass in response to the British anti-slave trade efforts?

Brazil passed the Eusébio de Queiroz law, which declared that the slave trade would no longer be allowed in Brazil, effectively ending the importation of new slaves.

How did the end of the slave trade affect the coffee plantation owners in Brazil?

The end of the slave trade made slaves more expensive and less numerous, which was detrimental to the plantation owners. To compensate, the law of lands was passed, requiring land ownership through purchase, thus ensuring a workforce for the plantations.

What was the 'Era Mauá' and its significance during the Second Reign?

The 'Era Mauá' was a period of industrialization in Brazil, led by the Barão de Mauá, who built the first railway, installed lighting in Rio de Janeiro, and established banks and factories. However, it failed due to the lack of support from the coffee elite.

Why did Dom Pedro I lose support from various sectors of society?

Dom Pedro I lost support from the church for ignoring a papal order, from the military due to complications from the Paraguayan War, and from the elite due to the abolition of slavery.

What were the two laws Dom Pedro I approved regarding slavery?

Dom Pedro I approved the Lei do Ventre Livre, which declared that all children of slaves would be free, and the law of the sexagenarians, which freed all slaves over 60 years old.

What event marked the end of the Second Reign and the beginning of the Republic in Brazil?

The end of the Second Reign and the beginning of the Republic in Brazil was marked by the Proclamation of the Republic on November 15, 1889, led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, who became the first president of Brazil.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ The Second Reign of Brazil

This paragraph introduces the second reign in Brazil, a significant period in the country's history marked by the rule of Dom Pedro I. It began with the 'golpe da maioridade' when he started governing at the age of 14 and ended with the proclamation of the republic, transitioning Brazil from an empire to a republic. Dom Pedro I centralized power, reducing state autonomy and instituting a form of 'parlamentarismo avesso' where he handpicked deputies, alternating between conservatives and liberals to maintain a balance of power. This approach led to political stability internally but external conflicts, such as disputes with England over tariffs and the slave trade, persisted. The paragraph also discusses the economic impact of these policies, including the rise of coffee as Brazil's main export and the challenges faced by the latifundiários due to the scarcity and increased cost of slave labor. It concludes with the 'Era Mauá', a period of attempted industrialization led by the Barão de Mauá, which ultimately failed due to the resistance from the coffee elite.

05:01

🏛️ The Fall of the Monarchy and the Proclamation of the Republic

The second paragraph details the decline of support for Dom Pedro II's monarchy. The church withdrew its support after Pedro ignored a papal order, the military's backing faded due to the aftermath of the Paraguayan War, and the elite turned against him following the abolition of slavery. The pressure to end slavery intensified, leading to the approval of the 'Lei Áurea' by Isabel, Pedro's daughter, which abolished slavery entirely. This move, while morally right, further alienated the slave-owning elite. The paragraph culminates in the military coup that led to the end of the second reign and the establishment of the republic on November 15, 1889, with Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca becoming Brazil's first president. The video script ends with a call to action for viewers to like, subscribe, and share the video for more historical insights.

Keywords

💡Second Reign

The 'Second Reign' refers to the period of Brazilian history under the rule of Dom Pedro I. It is a central theme of the video as it sets the historical context for the events discussed. The script mentions that this era began with the 'Golpe da Maioridade' (Coup of Majority), where Dom Pedro I started ruling at the age of 14, and ended with the proclamation of the Republic.

💡Golpe da Maioridade

The 'Golpe da Maioridade' or 'Coup of Majority' is a significant event that marks the beginning of Dom Pedro I's rule as an adult monarch. It's mentioned in the script as a turning point that led to his centralization of power and the start of his direct governance of Brazil.

💡Parliamentarismo avesso

The term 'Parliamentarismo avesso' or 'Parliamentarism in reverse' refers to a political system where the monarch, rather than the people, chose the members of parliament. This concept is crucial in the video as it illustrates Dom Pedro I's method of controlling the political landscape by manipulating parliamentary representation to maintain stability.

💡Tarifa Alves Branco

The 'Tarifa Alves Branco' was a tariff policy that increased taxes on British goods in Brazil. As explained in the script, this policy was beneficial for Brazil as it boosted internal revenue and encouraged domestic production by making British imports less competitive.

💡Lei Bill alberdin

The 'Lei Bill alberdin' was a British law that aimed to suppress the slave trade by sinking slave ships. The script explains how this law impacted Brazil, leading to the approval of the 'Lei Eusébio de Queiroz' which prohibited the slave trade in Brazil, increasing the cost and reducing the number of slaves available to plantation owners.

💡Lei Eusébio de Queiroz

The 'Lei Eusébio de Queiroz' was a Brazilian law that prohibited the slave trade, effectively ending the importation of new slaves into Brazil. This law is highlighted in the video as a response to international pressure, particularly from Britain, and as a precursor to the eventual abolition of slavery in Brazil.

💡Lei de terras

The 'Lei de terras' or 'Land Law' was a legislation that required land ownership to be purchased, preventing immigrants from owning land without money. This law is discussed in the script as a measure to compensate for the labor shortage caused by the end of the slave trade, by ensuring a workforce for coffee plantations through immigration.

💡Café

Coffee is mentioned as the primary export and economic driver of Brazil during the Second Reign. The script explains how the coffee industry's interests influenced policies, such as the 'Lei de terras', to ensure a continuous supply of labor despite the decline in slave numbers.

💡Era Mauá

The 'Era Mauá' refers to a period of industrialization in Brazil, named after the Barão de Mauá who was a key figure in promoting industrial development. The script describes how his efforts to build infrastructure and industry were ultimately unsuccessful due to resistance from the coffee elite who wanted Brazil to remain focused on agriculture.

💡Lei Áurea

The 'Lei Áurea' or 'Golden Law' was the law that abolished slavery in Brazil. The script highlights its significance as a landmark decision that ended the practice but also led to the loss of support for Dom Pedro II, contributing to the end of the monarchy.

💡Proclamation of the Republic

The 'Proclamation of the Republic' marks the end of the Second Reign and the establishment of a new form of government in Brazil. The script describes this event as a result of the loss of support for the monarchy from various sectors of society, leading to a coup and the installation of a republic.

Highlights

The second reign in Brazil was a long period marked by significant changes and events.

Dom Pedro I began his rule at the age of 14 after the coup of maturity.

The reign ended with the proclamation of the republic, transitioning Brazil from an empire to a republic.

Dom Pedro I centralized government power, removing autonomy from states to address internal turmoil.

He implemented a form of parliamentarism where he chose the deputies, leading to political instability.

Dom Pedro I's reign saw Brazil engage in conflicts with other countries, including diplomatic disputes with England.

The Tarifa Alves Branco was approved, increasing taxes on English goods and boosting Brazil's internal economy.

In response to England's anti-slavery measures, Brazil passed the Eusébio de Queiroz law, banning the slave trade.

The coffee industry became the backbone of Brazil's economy during the second reign, surpassing other exports.

To compensate for the lack of slave labor, the land law was passed, requiring land ownership through purchase.

The era of industrialization, known as the era of Mauá, was marked by significant developments in infrastructure.

The Barão de Mauá, a key figure in industrialization, faced opposition from the coffee elite and eventually failed.

Dom Pedro I faced a crisis of support from the church, the army, and the elite due to various political and social issues.

The Lei Áurea, approved by Princess Isabel, abolished slavery in Brazil, which was a significant but controversial move.

The lack of support for the monarchy led to a coup, and the republic was proclaimed on November 15, 1889.

Deodoro da Fonseca became the first president of Brazil, marking the end of the second reign.

Transcripts

ah Oi gente tudo bem com vocês hoje eu

tô fazendo mais um vídeo da série 50

minutos em cinco onde eu resumo assuntos

grandes da historinha no máximo 5

minutos e hoje a gente vai ter que

correr muito porque a gente vai falar de

segundo reinado que foi um período muito

longo da história do Brasil que houve

muita coisa o segundo reinado foi o

governo do Dom Pedro I que começou com o

golpe da maioridade no qual ele começou

a governar o Brasil com 14 anos e

terminou com a proclamação da república

então o Dom Pedro I virou Imperador e o

Brasil antes dele virar Imperador Era um

país muito conturbado com muitos

problemas então ele decidiu que ia parar

com esses problemas centralizando o

governo então ele tirou as a autonomia

dos Estados colocou mais poder nas mãos

dele e instalou o chamado

parlamentarismo as avessas que se chama

parlamentarismo as avessas que é um

parlamentarismo onde ao invés das

pessoas elegerem os deputados O Dom

Pedro I que elegia os deputados e já que

ele escolhia quem mandava ou não no

Parlamento ele fez isso para cada hora

ele colocar uma pessoa no Parlamento

cada hora ele uma hora ele colocava uma

pessoa pessa conservadora outra hora ele

colocava uma pessoa Liberal porque

naquela época o Brasil tinha uma briga

muito grande entre as pessoas

conservadoras e os liberais então com o

parlamentares mais avessas eles ficavam

se revesando no poder e aí a política

interna aqui no Brasil ficou de boa mas

para compensar a política interna

estável do lado de fora o Brasil brigou

com muitos países como por exemplo a

Inglaterra Primeiro eles tiveram uma

briguinha diplomática chamada de questão

chist e então o Brasil aprovou a chamada

Tarifa Alves Branco que aumenta tava a

quantidade de imposto que a Inglaterra

tinha que pagar aqui no Brasil o que foi

bom porque o Brasil acabou arrecadando

mais impostos e incentivou a economia

interna incentivou a produção interna

porque agora os produtos da Inglaterra

não são tão mais baratos e agora os

produtos brasileiros são mais baratos

então a produção interna que aumentou

Mas em compensação a Inglaterra acabou

proibindo o tráfico negreiro eles

declararam eles fizeram uma lei chamada

lei Bill alberdin que falava que a

Inglaterra ia ficar rodando o Oceano

Pacífico e que ia afundar todos os

navios Negreiros que ela encontrasse

então diante disso o Brasil teve que

aprovar uma lei chamada Eusébio de

Queiroz que é uma lei falando que o

tráfico negreiro não ia rolar mais aqui

no Brasil que a partir de agora não pode

mais entrar escravo no Brasil o que fez

com que os escravos aqui dentro do

Brasil ficassem muito mais caros e muito

menos numerosos e isso foi muito ruim

pros latifundiários porque eles

precisavam de mão de obra escrava porque

agora o café durante o segundo reinado o

café vai se impor como principal é parte

da economia brasileira o café vai ser o

principal produto de exportação no

Brasil e vai ser o produto que gera mais

lucro o produto mais importante pra

economia brasileira e para não

desagradar essas pessoas produtoras de

café os latifundiários foi aprovada

também junto com a lei Eusébio de

Queiroz a lei de terras que falava que

agora no Brasil para você ter uma terra

você tem que comprá-la ou seja um

emigrante uma pessoa que tá vindo pro

Brasil não vai mais poder ser dono da

sua própria terra se ela não tiver

dinheiro ela vai ter que trabalhar para

um latifundiário isso garantiu que

compensasse um pouco a falta de mão

deobra escrava Porque agora não tem

muito escravo para trabalhar mas tem

muito Imigrante vindo e acabando

trabalhando pros caficultores aqui no

Brasil além disso agora que o Brasil

arrecada mais imposto agora que as

pessoas que trabalhavam com o tráfico

negreiro não tem mais onde trabalhar e

agora que o Brasil tá passando por uma

produção interna mais forte foi começou

a chamada er Mauá que foi um período de

industrialização aqui no Brasil ela se

chama erá porque o principal cara dessa

que promoveu essa industrialização foi o

Barão de Mauá ele construiu a primeira

ferrovia aqui no Brasil colocou eh

instalou iluminação no Rio de Janeiro

fez vários bancos várias fábricas só que

acabou que não deu certo porque a elite

caficultura não queria dividir as

atenções entre o café e a indústria Eles

não queriam que o Brasil fosse o país da

indústria queria que o Brasil fosse o

país do café Então acabou que o Barão de

Mauá Fez muitas mudanças importantes mas

ele não teve apoio nenhum ele acabou

falindo e acabou era Mauá Tadinho e

nessa loucura toda a gente vai

terminando segundo renado porque o Dom

Pedro I começou a per deu o apoio da

sociedade primeiro a igreja parou de

apoiar o Dom Pedro I porque o Dom Pedro

escolheu ignorar uma ordem lá do Papa

então a igreja permaneceu contra ele

segundo o exército parou de apoiar o Dom

Pedro II por causa de todas as

complicações da guerra do Paraguai e

agora com a abolição da escravidão O Dom

Pedro I vai perder também o apoio da

Elite porque a Inglaterra tava

pressionando muito o Brasil para acabar

com a escravidão e várias pessoas aqui

no Brasil também queriam acabar com a

escravidão então o Dom Pedro aprovou

duas leis A Lei do Ventre Livre que

declarava que todos os filhos de

escravos seriam livres e a lei do

sexagenários que libertava todos os

escravos maiores de 60 anos só que mesmo

assim isso não foi suficiente as pessoas

continuavam pressionando O Dom Pedro

para acabar com a escravidão E aí quando

ele fez uma viagem pra Europa e deixou a

filha dele Isabel aqui no Brasil tomando

conta do Brasil e ela aprovou a chamada

Lei Áurea que acabou de uma vez por

todas com a escravidão aqui no Brasil AB

bolou a escravidão e libertou todos os

escravos o que foi muito bom porque

acabamos com a escravidão mas foi muito

ruim porque que com isso a elite

escravista parou de apoiar o Dom Pedro

II então agora a igreja não apoia a

monarquia o exército não apoia a

monarquia e a elite também não apoia a

monarquia Então as pessoas começaram a

pensar em novas formas de governo como

por exemplo a república então o exército

fez um golpe de estado que a a população

não tinha noção por isso que muitos

relatos falam que as pessoas assistiram

bestializados a proclamação da república

Mas acabou acabou sendo proclamada mesmo

assim então no dia 15 de novembro de

1889 o o segundo reinado teve fim com a

proclamação da república pelo Marechal

Deodoro da Fonseca que vai virar o

primeiro presidente do Brasil é espero

que vocês tenham gostado do vídeo Espero

que tenha dado para entender meu vídeo

completo de segundo reinado vai est aqui

na descrição se você gostou do vídeo dê

umate se inscreva no canal E compartilhe

o vídeo para todos seus amiguinhos muito

obrigada pela paciência até o próximo

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