44 Phonemes
Summary
TLDRIn the video, Yvette from the Rollins Center for Language and Literacy explains the importance of accurately pronouncing individual English phonemes to prevent students from picking up incorrect sounds that can affect their reading and writing. She demonstrates how to pronounce various consonant and vowel phonemes correctly, emphasizing the need to avoid adding extra sounds like 'uh' or the schwa sound. Yvette also covers digraphs and r-controlled vowels, stressing the role of educators in modeling correct pronunciation for students to improve their language skills.
Takeaways
- 🔊 The English language has distinct sounds called phonemes that are combined to form words.
- 📢 It's crucial to pronounce phonemes without adding extra sounds to prevent mispronunciation in reading and writing.
- 👩🏫 Teachers should model the correct pronunciation of phonemes for students to avoid emphasizing incorrectly.
- 📝 Consonant phonemes are demonstrated with associated letters or letter combinations, known as graphemes.
- 🔤 Examples of consonant phonemes include /b/, /d/, /f/, /g/, and /h/, with each sound exemplified by a word.
- 🔎 Special graphemes like 'Q' and 'X' are composed of two phonemes: /kw/ and /ks/ respectively.
- 🔗 Digraphs are two letters that make one sound, such as /ch/, /sh/, and /th/, with variations shown for different words.
- 📖 Vowel phonemes also have distinct sounds, and the script models each with its corresponding grapheme.
- 🌟 Vowel sounds change in unstressed syllables, becoming a schwa sound, like the first sound in 'again'.
- 👂 Correct modeling of consonant and vowel phonemes by teachers is essential for students' language development.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of the video by Yvette from the Rollins Center for Language and Literacy?
-The primary focus of the video is to demonstrate how to pronounce each individual phoneme in the English language correctly, to prevent the accidental addition of extra sounds that may affect students' reading and writing.
Why is it important to avoid adding extra sounds like 'uh' or the schwa sound when pronouncing phonemes?
-Avoiding extra sounds is crucial because it ensures that students hear and imitate the correct pronunciation, which will be reflected in their later reading and writing tasks.
Can you provide an example of how teachers might incorrectly emphasize a phoneme?
-An example of incorrect emphasis is when teachers say '/puh/' instead of just producing the phoneme '/p/'.
What is the term for a letter or letter combination that represents a phoneme?
-The term for a letter or letter combination representing a phoneme is 'grapheme'.
Which phonemes are represented by the graphemes 'Q' and 'X'?
-The grapheme 'Q' represents the phoneme '/kw/', and 'X' represents the phoneme '/ks/'.
What are digraphs and can you provide an example from the script?
-Digraphs are two letters that make one sound. Examples from the script include '/ch/' as in 'child', '/sh/' as in 'shoes', and '/th/' as in 'mother'.
How does the video help students with their language decoding and writing skills?
-The video helps by modeling the correct pronunciation of phonemes, which students need to independently decode and write words.
What is a vowel phoneme and how many distinct vowel phonemes does the English language have according to the script?
-A vowel phoneme is a vowel sound represented by a vowel letter or a combination of letters. The script does not specify the exact number of vowel phonemes but demonstrates a wide variety of them.
Can you explain the term 'r-controlled vowels' as mentioned in the script?
-R-controlled vowels are vowel sounds that are influenced by the presence of the letter 'r', changing the pronunciation, such as '/ar/' in 'car', '/er/' in 'herd', and 'air' in 'chair'.
What is a schwa sound and how does it occur in words?
-A schwa sound is an unstressed and neutral vowel sound, represented as /uh/. It occurs in unstressed syllables, such as the first sound in the word 'again'.
Why is it important for teachers to model the correct pronunciation of phonemes?
-Modeling correct pronunciation is important for teachers to guide students in producing the correct sounds themselves, which is essential for their language learning, reading, and writing development.
Outlines
🗣️ English Phoneme Pronunciation Guide
Yvette, a facilitator at the Rollins Center for Language and Literacy, introduces the importance of correctly pronouncing individual English phonemes to prevent students from picking up on and imitating incorrect sounds, which can affect their reading and writing. She emphasizes the need to produce phonemes without additional sounds, such as the schwa, and provides examples of consonant phonemes with their associated graphemes, including digraphs like 'ch' and 'sh'. The video aims to help educators model accurate pronunciation for their students.
📚 Modeling Correct Vowel and Consonant Sounds
This paragraph continues the discussion on phoneme pronunciation, focusing on vowel sounds and their representation in words. Yvette demonstrates various vowel phonemes, including short and long vowels, diphthongs, and r-controlled vowels, along with examples of words that contain these sounds. She also explains the concept of the schwa sound, which occurs in unstressed syllables. The paragraph underscores the significance of educators modeling these sounds to guide students in their language acquisition and literacy development.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Phonemes
💡Graphemes
💡Consonant phonemes
💡Vowel phonemes
💡Digraphs
💡Schwa sound
💡R-controlled vowels
💡Unstressed syllables
💡Language modeling
💡Decoding
Highlights
The English language has distinct sounds called phonemes that are combined to form words.
Demonstration of pronouncing each individual phoneme to prevent adding extra sounds.
Emphasizing the importance of producing only the phoneme itself without additional sounds for accurate language learning.
Example of incorrect pronunciation: saying /puh/ instead of just /p/.
Introduction to consonant phonemes with associated graphemes displayed on screen.
Phoneme /b/ pronounced as in 'banana'.
Phoneme /d/ pronounced as in 'dinosaur'.
Phoneme /f/ pronounced as in 'fish'.
Phoneme /g/ pronounced as in 'guitar'.
Phoneme /h/ pronounced as in 'hand'.
Phoneme /j/ pronounced as in 'jelly'.
Phoneme /k/ pronounced as in 'car'.
Phoneme /l/ pronounced as in 'leaf'.
Phoneme /m/ pronounced as in 'Monday'.
Phoneme /n/ pronounced as in 'nail'.
Phoneme /ng/ pronounced as in the end of 'sing'.
Phoneme /p/ pronounced as in 'pumpkin'.
Phoneme /r/ pronounced as in 'rain'.
Phoneme /s/ pronounced as in 'sun'.
Phoneme /zh/ pronounced as in the middle of 'treasure'.
Phoneme /t/ pronounced as in 'turtle'.
Phoneme /v/ pronounced as in 'volcano'.
Phoneme /w/ pronounced as in 'watch'.
Phoneme /y/ pronounced as in 'yo-yo'.
Phoneme /z/ pronounced as in 'zip'.
Graphemes Q and X are composed of two phonemes: /kw/ and /ks/ respectively.
Introduction to digraphs where two letters make one sound, such as /ch/, /sh/, /th/.
The importance of correctly pronouncing phonemes for students to decode and write words independently.
Introduction to vowel phonemes with distinct sounds and their graphemes.
Phoneme /a/ pronounced as in the first sound of 'apple'.
Phoneme /e/ pronounced as in the first sound of 'elephant'.
Phoneme /i/ pronounced as in the first sound of 'igloo'.
Phoneme /o/ pronounced as in the first sound of 'octopus'.
Phoneme /u/ pronounced as in the first sound of 'umbrella'.
Phoneme /ae/ pronounced as in the middle sound of 'rain'.
Phoneme /aw/ pronounced as in the final sound of 'saw'.
Phoneme /ee/ pronounced as in the final sound of 'tree'.
Phoneme /ie/ pronounced as in the middle sound of 'light'.
Phoneme /oa/ pronounced as in the middle sound of 'boat'.
Phoneme /ue/ pronounced as in the first sound of 'uniform'.
Phoneme /oo/ pronounced as in the middle sound of 'mood'.
Phoneme /oo/ pronounced as in the middle sound of 'book'.
Phoneme /ou/ pronounced as in the final sound of 'cow'.
Phoneme /oi/ pronounced as in the final sound of 'boy'.
Introduction to r-controlled vowels such as /ar/, /er/, and /air/.
Phoneme /ear/ pronounced as in the final sound of 'spear'.
Phoneme /or/ pronounced as in the middle sound of 'fork'.
The schwa sound /uh/ as in the first sound of 'again' occurs in unstressed syllables.
Modeling correct consonant and vowel phonemes is crucial for guiding students in reading and writing.
Transcripts
Hi, I’m Yvette, a facilitator at the Rollins Center for Language
and Literacy.
You probably already know the English language has very
distinct sounds – or phonemes - that we combine in different
ways to make words.
In this video, we are going to demonstrate
how to pronounce each of the individual phonemes.
Often, we accidentally add an extra uh,
or /schwa/ sound to the end of consonants.
If students hear this and imitate it,
it may then be reflected in later reading and writing
tasks.
To prevent this, it is important to produce only the phoneme
itself – without any additional sounds.
An example of this is the sound /p/ .
Sometimes when teachers are trying to emphasize or isolate
a phoneme they say /puh/.
Instead, focus on producing just the phoneme itself /p/.
We’ll start with the consonant phonemes – you’ll see
the associated letter or letter combination-
also known as a grapheme -on the screen as I say the sound.
Ready?
Here we go!
/b/ ….as in banana /d/….as in dinosaur /f/…..as in fish
/g/….as in guitar /h/….as in hand /j/….as in jelly /k/…..as
in car /l/….as in leaf /m/…as in Monday /n/…as in nail /ng/….as
in the end of the word sing /p/….as in pumpkin /r/….as
in rain
/s/…. as in sun
/zh/… as in the middle of treasure
/t/… as in turtle
/v/… as in volcano /w/….as in watch /y/….as in yo-yo /z/….as
in zip
Some graphemes such as Q and X
are composed of two phonemes.
For example, Q makes the /kw/ sound and X makes the /ks/ sound.
The next phonemes are considered to be digraphs, where
two letters make one sound.
/ch/….as in child /sh/….as in shoes /th/…..as in the middle
of mother /th/….as in third
Make sure students hear you pronounce phonemes correctly.
You’re modeling the language that they need to independently
decode and write words.
Just like the consonants, the English language
has a wide variety of vowel phonemes
with their own distinct sounds.
I’ll model each sound and the grapheme will be shown
on the screen below.
/a/ .…. as in the first sound in apple /e/.…..as in the first
sound in elephant /i/……as in the first sound in igloo /o/……as
in the first sound in octopus /u/……as in the first sound
in umbrella /ae/…..as in middle sound in rain /aw/…as
in the final sound in saw /ee/…..as in the final sound
in tree /ie/…..as in the middle sound in light /oa/…..as
in the middle sound in boat /ue/…..as in the first sound
in uniform /oo/….as in the middle sound in mood /oo/….as
in the middle sound in book /ou/….as in the final sound
in cow /oi/……as in the final sound in boy
There also r-controlled vowels such as /ar/…is in the final
sound in car /er/…as in the middle sounds in herd, bird,
and surf /air/….as in the final sound in chair /ear/….as
in the final sound in spear /or/….as in the middle sound
in fork
Sometimes when a vowel sound is located in the unstressed
syllable of a word, it becomes a schwa.
An example of this is the /uh/ that you hear as in the first
sound of the word again.
Make sure that students hear you model the correct consonant
and vowel phonemes This will help them produce the correct
sounds themselves and in turn, guide them as they learn
to read and write.
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