Level Sensors | Types of Level Sensors |Applications of Level Sensors
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Neeta's Communication Tutorial explores level sensors, crucial in various consumer and industrial applications. The tutorial covers two main types: point level sensors, which detect liquid presence at specific points, and continuous level sensors, which measure liquid levels continuously. Point level sensors include capacitance, optical, conductivity, vibrating, and float switch types, each with unique advantages and applications. Continuous level sensors encompass ultrasonic and radar types, known for their non-invasiveness and accuracy. The video provides insights into the working principles and ideal use cases for each sensor type, making it an informative resource for those in industries dealing with liquid, slurry, and granular material levels.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Level sensors are crucial in various industries for detecting the level of liquids, fluids, and fluidized solids.
- 📊 They are categorized into point level measurement and continuous level measurement, each serving different monitoring needs.
- 📛 Point level sensors indicate presence at a specific point, whereas continuous level sensors track the level as it changes.
- 🌊 Capacitive sensors use an electric field affected by the dielectric constant of the liquid to measure level.
- 💡 Optical sensors function by reflecting light from a cone-shaped tip, which changes state when submerged.
- 💧 Conductivity sensors rely on the electric current flow through conductive liquids to signal level changes.
- 🔊 Vibrating fork sensors detect level by measuring changes in the oscillation frequency of a piezo ceramic crystal.
- 🔄 Float switches use a mechanical float to indicate level by opening or closing an electrical circuit.
- 📈 Ultrasonic sensors measure level by timing the echo of emitted sound waves, unaffected by material properties.
- 📡 Radar sensors use microwaves to determine level, offering accuracy without contact and resistance to environmental factors.
Q & A
What are level sensors and why are they important?
-Level sensors are devices that detect the level of liquids, fluids, and fluidized solids, including slurries, granular materials, and powders. They play a crucial role in a variety of consumer and industrial applications by ensuring the correct amount of liquid or material is present in a given process or container.
What are the two main types of level sensors discussed in the script?
-The two main types of level sensors discussed are point level measurement and continuous level measurement. Point level measurement indicates when a product is present at a certain point, while continuous level measurement indicates the continuous level of a product as it rises or falls.
How do capacitive level sensors work?
-Capacitive level sensors work by giving off an electric field and detecting the level by the effect of its electric field. They use a probe to check changes in the level, which are then converted into analog signals. The principle is based on the capacitance equation where capacitance is directly proportional to the permittivity of the liquid.
What are the advantages of using optical level sensors?
-Optical level sensors have the advantage of being non-invasive and providing a direct indication of the level. They work by converting light rays into electrical signals, which measure the physical quantity of light and translate it into a measurement.
How do conductivity type level sensors operate?
-Conductivity level sensors operate on the principle that most liquids conduct electricity. They use a probe with a pair of electrodes, and when the liquid covers the probe, it forms an electric circuit, causing current to flow and signaling the level.
What are the benefits of using vibrating or tuning fork type level sensors?
-Vibrating or tuning fork type level sensors are cost-effective, compact, easy to install, and maintenance-free. They operate by detecting changes in the frequency of a piezo ceramic crystal as the level changes.
How does a float switch work as a point level sensor?
-A float switch works by using a float that raises or lowers when a product is applied or removed, which in turn opens or closes a circuit as the level raises or lowers. This movement provides an indication for high or low levels.
What is the principle behind ultrasonic level sensors?
-Ultrasonic level sensors work by emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. The time it takes for the waves to reflect back is used to measure the distance to the liquid surface, indicating the level.
How do radar level sensors measure the level of a product?
-Radar level sensors transmit microwaves using an antenna. The product reflects the microwaves back to the antenna, and the time from emission to reception of the signal is proportional to the level of the product. The level in the tank is calculated by subtracting the distance between the sensor and the liquid surface from the height of the radar level sensor.
What are the applications of level sensors in various industries?
-Level sensors are used in a variety of industries, including automobile, oil manufacturing, water treatment, chemical industries, and many others. They ensure proper levels of liquids or materials are maintained for efficient and safe operations.
Outlines
📡 Introduction to Level Sensors
This paragraph introduces the topic of level sensors, emphasizing their importance in various consumer and industrial applications. It outlines the video's agenda, which includes an introduction to level sensors, their applications, and types. The types are further divided into point level measurement and continuous level measurement. Point level measurement is explained with examples like capacitance, optical, conductivity, vibrating, and float switch types. Continuous level measurement covers ultrasonic and radar types. The paragraph also discusses the role of level sensors in detecting the level of liquids, fluids, and fluidized solids, and the importance of selecting an appropriate sensor based on application requirements.
🔍 Detailed Explanation of Point Level Measurement Sensors
Paragraph 2 delves into the specifics of point level measurement sensors, starting with capacitive sensors that operate on the principle of electric fields and capacitance changes to detect liquid levels. Optical level sensors are explained next, which use light reflection to measure level changes. Conductivity or resistance type sensors are then discussed, which rely on the electrical conductivity of liquids to determine level. The vibrating or tuning fork type sensors are described, highlighting their operation based on frequency changes due to level fluctuations. Lastly, float switches are introduced, which use a mechanical float to indicate level changes by making or breaking an electrical circuit. The advantages and disadvantages of each sensor type are briefly mentioned, along with their typical applications in industries such as mining, food processing, and chemical industries.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Level Sensors
💡Point Level Measurement
💡Continuous Level Measurement
💡Capacitive Type Level Sensors
💡Optical Type Level Sensors
💡Conductivity Type Level Sensors
💡Vibrating Type Level Sensors
💡Float Switch
💡Ultrasonic Level Sensors
💡Radar Level Sensors
Highlights
Introduction to level sensors and their importance in detecting the level of liquids, fluids, and fluidized solids.
Explanation of point level measurement and continuous level measurement.
Discussion on capacitance type level sensors and their working principle.
Optical level sensors' operation and their advantages and disadvantages.
Conductivity type level sensors and their method of detecting liquid levels.
Vibrating or tuning fork type level sensors and their frequency-based level detection.
Float switch level sensors and their mechanism of operation.
Ultrasonic level sensors and their non-invasive measurement technique.
Radar or microwave level sensors and their method of level detection using microwaves.
Applications of level sensors in various industries such as automobile, oil manufacturing, and water treatment.
The importance of selecting an appropriate type of level sensor for specific application requirements.
How capacitive level sensors use changes in capacitance to measure liquid levels.
The principle behind optical level sensors and the role of LED and photodiode in their operation.
The working of conductivity level sensors and their reliance on the liquid's ability to conduct electricity.
Advantages of vibrating fork level sensors, such as cost-effectiveness and ease of installation.
The simplicity and direct indication provided by float switch level sensors.
Benefits of ultrasonic level sensors, including their self-cleaning feature and lack of moving parts.
Radar level sensors' ability to measure various materials like liquids, pastes, powders, and solids.
The formula used by radar level sensors to calculate liquid level in a tank.
Transcripts
hello everyone welcome to my channel at
neeta's communication tutorial
in this video i'll explain about level
sensors
topics which i'll cover under this are
introduction applications and types
covering point level measurement as well
as continuous level measurement
under point level measurement i'll cover
capacitance type optical type
conductivity type vibrating type and
float switch
continuous level measurement
will include ultrasonic and radar type
lever sensor is a type of sensor that
detects level of liquids fluids and
fluidized solids that includes slurries
granular materials and powders
level sensors play very important role
in variety of consumer and industrial
applications
like other types of sensors level
sensors are also available and can be
designed using variety of sensing
principles so selection of an
appropriate type of sensor suiting to
the application requirement is
important
moving on to the next slide that is
application of level sensors as told
earlier level sensors are used in
variety of consumer and industrial
applications like in automobile
industries oil manufacturing plants
water treatment plants chemical
industries and many other industries
coming to the next that is
classification of level sensors level
sensors are basically classified into
two types one is point level measurement
and the other is continuous level
measurement
point level measurement indicates when a
product is present at a certain point
and continuous level measurement
indicates continuous level of a product
as it rises or it falls
when we talk about point level
measurement suppose if we have placed a
sensor to measure the level and when the
liquid crosses that point where the
sensor is placed then only it will give
the reading but in case of continuous
type measurement suppose if we have a
tank and the water is getting filled
from bottom to top
then the sensor will measure the entire
level from bottom to top
under this point level measurement i'll
cover capacitance optical conductivity
vibrating and float type of
level sensors
under continuous level measurement we
have two types ultrasonic and radar
let's talk about point level measurement
so the first one in point level
measurement is the capacitive type of
level sensors
capacitive level sensors are the level
sensor that gives off an electric field
and detects the level by the effect of
its electric field
these sensors uses a prop for checking
the changes in the level
and then these level changes are further
converted into analog signals
it is based on the principle of
capacitance equation that is z is equal
to a epsilon naught upon d where c is
the capacitance epsilon is the
permittivity of the dielectric medium a
is the area between the plates and d is
the distance between the plates
here the probe will form one electrode
of the capacitor and the metal sheet
of the walls of the vessel will form the
other electrode the capacitance is
measured across the prop and the metal
plate on the wall
the liquid inside the tank forms the
dielectric material of the capacitor
here we can see the area is fixed d that
is the distance between the probe and
the vessel
is also constant therefore capacitance
is directly proportional to the
permittivity
now suppose
if there is no liquid
so the capacitance will be zero
but when the level of liquid increases
then dielectric constant will change and
accordingly capacitance will also change
which can be measured at the output
terminals
so here the level will be proportional
to the value of capacitance
the advantages of using capacitive level
sensors is that it is small less
expensive than other sensors also it is
accurate and invasive product however
they have to be calibrated and
they detects only certain
liquids optical level sensors work by
converting the light rays into
electrical signal which measure a
physical quantity of light and then
translate it into a measurement
it has a led as a light source and a
photodiode as detector we can see the
image on the right the light is directed
towards the cone shaped crisp that is
the sensor tip if the sensor tape or the
cone is above the liquid the light will
be reflected back from the cone to the
detector but if the cone is below or
submerged in the liquid
then the light will be reflected into
the liquid and it won't reach the
detector
the difference between the intensity of
light between these two when there is no
liquid and when there is liquid will
give the measurement of level
moving to the next that is conductivity
or resistance type level sensors
conductivity level sensors operate on
the principle that most liquid conduct
electricity
it uses a prob to read conductivity the
prob has a pair of electrodes and
alternating current is applied to them
when the liquid covers the probe its
electrodes form a part of electric
circuit causing the current to flow
which signals a high or low level
the advantage of using conductivity
level sensors are that there are no
moving parts they have low cost and are
fairly easy to use the disadvantages are
they are invasive meaning they must
touch the product they sense
they only sense conductive liquids and
the prob will erode over
time here you can see the image on the
right here the props are of different
lengths one long and one short and are
inserted into the tank to form the
circuit
moving on to the next that is vibrating
or tuning fork type level sensors here
there is a piezo ceramic crystal located
inside the fork assembly on the
application of voltage the crystal
oscillate at natural frequency of the
fork assembly as the level changes the
frequency of the fork will change
detecting the level
the advantages of these sensors are they
are cost effective compact easy to
install and maintenance free the
disadvantages is that they are invasive
they have unlimited use they are widely
used in mining food processing
industries and chemical industries
the last point level sensor is the float
switch it uses a float which is a device
that will raise or lower when a product
is applied or removed which will open or
close a circuit as the level raises or
lowers moving the float
the advantage of float switch is that it
is a non power device and it provides
direct indication disadvantages are they
are invasive and have moving parts and
also they are of large size float
switches will only give indication for a
high or low level but they cannot
measure a variable level they are mainly
used in liquid storage tanks for low or
high level indication
next let's talk about continuous level
measurement sensors starting with the
ultrasonic level sensors the ultrasonic
level sensors work by emitting and
receiving ultrasonic waves
the time it takes to reflect back
is how distance is measured
the benefits of using ultrasonic level
sensors is that they are non-invasive
they are unaffected by the properties of
the material
they are sensing and are self cleaning
because of the vibrations they give off
also they have no moving parts and are
compact
but the disadvantage is that they are
quite expensive and sometimes the
environment can have negative effect on
them
the next is radar or microwave level
sensors these sensors transmit
microwaves by an antenna on the radar
sensor
the product that is being sensed
reflects the microwave back to the
antenna and the time from the emission
to reception of the signal is
proportional to the level of the product
here we can see the formula is given d
is equal to c into t by 2
where this d is the distance between the
radar liquid level sensor and the liquid
surface that can be calculated by
dividing the time by 2 and multiplying
that by the speed of the light
liquid level in the tank can be
calculated by subtracting this distance
d from the height of the radar level
sensor which is given as lt is equal to
hd minus d
these sensors are not affected by
temperature pressure or dust they can
also measure liquid pastes powders and
solids
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