Interview with Dr. Paul Kim, CTO Stanford University Graduate School of Education

Summary

In this discussion, Dr. Kim from Stanford explores the convergence of AI, technology, and education. With a background in computer science and education technology, Dr. Kim has been instrumental in developing AI-integrated educational tools, emphasizing the importance of fostering critical inquiry, creativity, and communication skills. He envisions a future where generative AI becomes prevalent in Learning Management Systems, enabling personalized learning pathways. Dr. Kim also addresses the risks of AI dependency and the need for meta-AI competencies, suggesting that while AI won't replace teachers, their roles will evolve into coaching, emphasizing individual student potential.

Takeaways

• 😀 Dr. Paul Kim has a background in computer science and education technology, with a focus on developing educational tools at Stanford University for over two decades.
• 🎓 He is particularly interested in fostering critical inquiry, creativity, and communication skills in students through the integration of AI in education.
• 🌐 He has been developing 'SMILE', a mobile inquiry-based learning environment, which is being enhanced with generative AI to create personalized learning pathways.
• 🤖 Dr. Kim predicts that generative AI will significantly increase productivity and personal development in the next few years, simplifying complex problem-solving with simple inputs.
• 🔍 However, he raises concerns about developing dependency on AI, emphasizing the importance of maintaining critical thinking and problem-solving skills without AI tools.
• 👨‍🏫 He sees the role of teachers evolving into coaches, who understand students at a more personal level and help them reach their full potential.
• 📚 Dr. Kim encourages the integration of AI in classrooms to develop students' AI competencies and 'meta AI competencies', the ability to use and leverage multiple AI tools.
• 🚀 He envisions AI advancing to understand visual scenes and human nuances more accurately, which could transform student assessment and classroom activities.
• 📈 The adoption of AI in education is expected to accelerate, with early adopters already integrating AI tools, and a broader adoption expected in the coming years.
• 🛠️ AI's ability to automate administrative tasks and content creation for teachers will be a key driver for its adoption in the education sector.
• ⚠️ Risks include the potential for 'hallucinations' where AI provides false or misleading information, and the need for students to develop skills to check and verify AI outputs.

Q & A

What is the background of the speaker, Dr. Paul Kim, in the field of AI and education?

Dr. Paul Kim's background is in computer science, with an undergraduate degree in the subject. He furthered his studies in education technology for his master's and PhD. He has been at Stanford University for 23 years, developing various tech tools and recently integrating AI into educational games, focusing on helping students develop critical inquiry skills, creativity, and communication skills.

What is the 'SMILE' project that Dr. Kim mentioned?

The 'SMILE' project is a Stanford mobile inquiry-based learning environment that Dr. Kim started a decade ago. It is a project that he has been working on with schools around the world, integrating generative AI into every aspect of this inquiry-based learning model to create better learning opportunities and personalized learning pathways for students.

What does Dr. Kim see as the potential impact of AI on the productivity and personal development in the next three to five years?

Dr. Kim believes that generative AI will be highly effective in accelerating general productivity and personal development. Complex problems that used to require multiple steps and precision coding can be solved with simple, rough inputs, thus accelerating productivity in multiple facets.

What concerns does Dr. Kim have regarding the increasing dependency on AI tools?

Dr. Kim is concerned about the potential dependency on AI tools, which could lead to inefficiency and a lack of ability to tackle problems without AI. He mentions that early adopters like himself are already depending on AI tools significantly, which raises the question of what would happen if AI tools were no longer accessible.

What does Dr. Kim mean by 'meta AI competencies' and why are they important for students?

Meta AI competencies refer to the ability to use and leverage multiple AI tools effectively. Dr. Kim believes that in the future, students will be asked to use various AI tools to solve problems, and thus, developing these competencies is crucial for them to be successful and productive citizens of the future.

How does Dr. Kim envision the role of teachers transforming with the integration of AI in education?

Dr. Kim sees the role of teachers gradually transforming into coaches who understand students on a more individual and personal level. Coaches will help students develop their competencies to reach their full potential, which is a shift from the traditional teaching role.

What are some of the immediate applications of AI in education that Dr. Kim finds interesting?

Dr. Kim finds applications such as real-time interaction with AI tools, automation of administrative work, content creation, and personalized coaching or individualized lesson plans to be interesting and immediate applications of AI in education.

How does Dr. Kim perceive the future of student assessment with advanced AI capabilities?

Dr. Kim believes that advanced AI will allow for more accurate understanding of visual scenes and human nuances, which could lead to better student assessment in classrooms. Assessments could be more personalized and sophisticated, moving away from traditional memorization and question-answering activities.

What are the potential risks or dangers that Dr. Kim suggests educators and policymakers should be cautious about regarding AI in education?

Dr. Kim suggests that dependency on AI tools, the potential for 'hallucinations' where AI provides false statements or unexpected outcomes, and the need for students to develop executive functioning skills and creative inquiry skills are risks that should be managed. Educators should also teach students to check and verify the accuracy of AI-generated information.

How does Dr. Kim differentiate the impact of AI on different stages of learning, such as K-12, higher education, and lifelong learning?

Dr. Kim differentiates the impact by suggesting that AI in lower grades will focus on engaging and discovery-based learning opportunities, while in higher education and lifelong learning, AI will focus more on creativity, innovation, and productivity, including the use of AI for unsupervised data analysis and understanding complex human commands and intentions.

What advice does Dr. Kim give to companies in the education category regarding the creation of value and differentiation through AI technology?

Dr. Kim advises that companies should focus on the speed and efficiency that AI can bring to productivity, including the ability to process vast amounts of data, understand context, and transform existing materials for different purposes. Companies that embrace and leverage these capabilities will create value and differentiate themselves in the market.

Outlines

00:00

🤖 AI and Education: Dr. Paul Kim's Expertise

Dr. Paul Kim from Stanford University discusses his extensive background in computer science and education technology, spanning over two decades at Stanford. He highlights his work on developing educational tools and games that integrate AI to enhance critical inquiry, creativity, and communication skills. His project, 'smile', aims to create personalized learning pathways by integrating generative AI into inquiry-based learning models, anticipating a future where Learning Management Systems with AI become prevalent.

05:00

🚀 The Evolution and Impact of AI in Education

Dr. Kim evaluates the current state of AI in education, noting the rapid development and integration of edtech solutions during the pandemic. He foresees generative AI becoming highly effective in accelerating productivity and personal development within the next few years. However, he also raises concerns about developing dependency on AI, emphasizing the need for educators to create learning opportunities that foster AI competencies and prepare students for a future where AI is integral.

10:02

🛠️ Transforming Teaching Roles and Student Assessment

The conversation delves into the transformation of the teaching profession, with teachers evolving into coaches who understand students at a more individual level. Dr. Kim discusses the potential for AI to enhance student assessment, making it more personalized and sophisticated. He predicts that classroom tasks will become more complex and less focused on memorization, with AI playing a significant role in coaching, assisting, and brainstorming.

15:03

📚 AI's Role in Content Creation and Administrative Efficiency

Dr. Kim anticipates AI significantly impacting the automation of administrative tasks and content creation for educators. He provides examples of how AI can quickly generate lesson plans and activities, envisioning a future where real-time interaction with AI accelerates adoption and transforms the educational landscape. He also discusses the importance of teaching students to verify the accuracy of AI-generated content.

20:04

🌐 AI's Diverse Impact Across Education Markets

The discussion explores how AI will impact different education markets, such as K-12, higher education, corporate learning, and lifelong learning. Dr. Kim believes AI will focus on engagement and discovery in lower grades, while fostering creativity and innovation in higher education and beyond. He emphasizes the common thread of AI as a coaching and assisting tool across all stages of learning.

25:07

💡 Opportunities for Companies in AI and Education

Dr. Kim identifies speed and productivity as key drivers for companies in the AI and education sector. He highlights the potential for AI to transform data analysis, content repurposing, and human task simplification. Dr. Kim suggests that companies embracing AI will create innovative solutions, while those resisting may fall behind, underlining the importance of understanding and adapting to AI advancements.

⚠️ Navigating the Risks and Challenges of AI Integration

In the final paragraph, Dr. Kim addresses the risks and challenges associated with AI integration in education. He expresses concern over the potential dependency on AI and the impact on students' executive functioning skills. He stresses the importance of developing meta-AI competencies and creative inquiry skills to ensure students can effectively leverage AI tools while maintaining critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Keywords

💡AI

AI, or Artificial Intelligence, refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. In the video's context, AI is central to discussions on how technology intersects with education, influencing teaching methods, student learning, and the development of critical skills for the 21st century. Examples include the integration of AI in learning management systems and the use of generative AI to enhance personalized learning pathways.

💡Education Technology

Education Technology encompasses the use of technological tools and systems to enhance learning and teaching processes. In the script, the guest discusses their background in education technology, which includes developing tech tools for education and integrating AI into educational games, emphasizing its role in fostering creativity, critical thinking, and communication skills in students.

💡Stanford University

Stanford University is a prestigious institution known for its contributions to various fields, including computer science and education. The guest has been at Stanford for 23 years, developing educational tools and integrating AI into learning environments, indicating the university's role in advancing educational practices through technology.

💡Critical Inquiry Skills

Critical Inquiry Skills are the abilities to ask probing questions, reason logically, and think critically about information and arguments. The guest expresses interest in helping students develop these skills, which are essential for navigating complex problems and making informed decisions, particularly in an era where AI can provide information but not necessarily critical understanding.

💡Creativity

Creativity in the context of the video refers to the ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, and patterns to create meaningful new ideas, forms, and interpretations. The guest discusses the importance of nurturing creativity in students, suggesting that AI can support this by handling routine tasks and allowing students to focus on innovative thinking.

💡Personalized Learning Pathways

Personalized Learning Pathways are educational approaches tailored to meet the unique needs, interests, and abilities of individual students. The script mentions that AI can help educators create better personalized learning experiences, suggesting that technology can adapt to the pace and style of each student, enhancing their learning outcomes.

💡Generative AI

Generative AI refers to AI systems that can create new content, such as text, images, or music, rather than just recognizing patterns or making predictions. The guest discusses integrating generative AI into inquiry-based learning models, indicating its potential to innovate educational content and engage students in new ways.

💡Meta AI Competencies

Meta AI Competencies imply the ability to use and leverage multiple AI tools effectively. The guest predicts that students will need these competencies to navigate a future where various AI tools are available, emphasizing the importance of being adept at using different AI technologies for problem-solving.

💡Coaching

Coaching, in the context of the video, refers to the evolving role of teachers who will act more as guides and mentors rather than traditional knowledge dispensers. The guest suggests that teachers will need to understand students at a deeper level to help them reach their full potential, much like a coach does in sports or other performance areas.

💡Prompting Skills

Prompting Skills are the abilities to effectively interact with AI systems by providing clear, concise, and creative instructions. The guest believes that students will need to develop these skills to fully utilize the potential of AI in solving complex problems and generating new ideas.

💡Just-in-Time Learning

Just-in-Time Learning refers to the educational practice of providing information or training immediately before it is needed, often in response to a specific situation or task. The script mentions that AI can facilitate the creation of real-time, dynamic learning materials, making just-in-time learning more feasible and relevant.

Highlights

Paul Kim, from Stanford University, discusses the intersection of AI, technology, and education.

Kim's background includes computer science, education technology, and 23 years at Stanford developing AI tools for education.

He emphasizes developing critical inquiry, creativity, and communication skills in students using AI.

The SMILE project, an inquiry-based learning environment, integrates generative AI to enhance student learning.

AI's potential to create personalized learning pathways and opportunities for students.

The rapid development of AI in education, including online classrooms, virtual reality, and data analytics.

Expectations for generative AI to accelerate productivity and personal development within the next 3-5 years.

Concerns about developing dependency on AI and the potential impact on problem-solving skills without AI.

The importance of 'meta AI competencies' for students to leverage multiple AI tools effectively.

AI's role in transforming the teacher's role into more of a coach, focusing on individual student potential.

AI's impact on the student learning process, enabling more complex problem-solving and the development of AI competencies.

The potential for AI to generate real-time, dynamic learning materials and individualized lesson plans.

AI's advancement in understanding visual scenes and human nuances for more accurate student assessment.

The differentiation of AI's impact across various education markets, from K12 to corporate learning.

The importance of teaching students to check and verify information provided by AI to ensure accuracy.

The potential risks of AI, including 'hallucinations' where AI provides false or misleading information.

The need to balance AI integration with the development of executive functioning skills in students.

The transformative potential of AI in curriculum development, focusing on creativity and critical inquiry skills.

Transcripts

Paul

Kim Dr from Stanford welcome and thank

you for spending some time with us today

my

pleasure so Paul uh we've known each

other for a long time but for um people

who are a little bit new to your

background can you tell us a little bit

about your background particularly on

the topic uh that we're talking about

today which is the intersection of AI

technology and education you know these

are areas in which you've had a very

long history and have seen the evolution

of these industries over a long period

of time uh would' love to hear a little

bit more about your background and your

interest in the field sure my background

started with the computer science in my

undergrad and I moved on to education

technology for master and PhD and uh

I've been at the Stanford University for

the past 23 years been developing

various attech tools and recently um

developing education games integrating

AI it's a quite exciting Journey that

I'm taking in recent years I'm

particularly interested in helping

students develop critical inquiry skills

and creativity and communication skills

for the 21st century and so one of those

projects I started a decade ago is named

smile Stanford mobile inquiry based

learning environment I've been working

with a schools around the world with uh

this particular project and now I'm uh

integrating generative AI in every

aspect of this inquir based learning

model I believe more Learning Management

Systems integrating gen AI like smile

will become prevalent very shortly uh

with these Solutions Educators can

create Better Learning opportunities and

personalized learning Pathways for

students I'll probably work on these

solutions for U quite some time

wonderful well you have as um

comprehensive I think a perspective on

the overall landscape and and where it

is as anyone what is your evaluation of

the state of the technology today in

terms of what you think AI can do what

it can't do there's obviously been a lot

of excitement maybe some would say a lot

of hype uh around it but it also is

clearly developing very very quickly you

know and what what might you expect it

to do in three or five or 10 years uh or

conversely what you perhaps expected not

to ever be able to do in our entire

lifetime so you know just give us a

snapshot of of how you view that

technology and and its overall

development curve today sure um let's

talk about the recent years especially

through the pandemic period we've seen a

lot of edtech solutions emerging

especially from online classrooms to

virtual reality and from learning data

analytics to uh generative AI virtual

field trips for example are now quite

common commonly available and remote

science experiments and science

simulations have become also quite

sophisticated in recent years uh in

three to five years I believe gen AI

generative AI will be uh highly

effective in accelerating General

productivity and personal development um

so complex problems that used to take

multiple steps and precision coding if

you will will be solved with a simple

rough inputs I'm I'm trained as a

programmer as well with a computer

science I used to have all kinds of uh

bugs in my coding now these aren't that

important anymore I mean you can have a

c GPT check your code and then it will

find all the errors and fix them for you

so the productivity will be accelerating

uh in multiple fults the real problem

that I see is that uh we'll start to

develop dependency on AI tools I I

person like me I do already uh the other

day I was at a school district I asked

teachers how many of you are using cat

GPT today and only few

people raise their hands but someone

like me early adopters we use you know

chat GPT almost every day doing many

different things and I I start to

realize that I'm depending on it way too

much um and if lights go off then what

what are you going to do when when you

can't access you know AI so that's

that's has become a a sort of a concern

so uh without AI I believe you know as

we depend more on it will be extremely

inefficient and slow or almost

impossible to tackle problems and

compared to pre AI error so in schools

students will be asked to use AI tools

to solve problems and therefore students

AI competencies or meta AI competencies

the reason that I say meta AI

competencies is because in two three

years I think there will be a lot of CPT

like tools or even more sophisticated AI

tools that are available so students

will be asked to use multiple of those

tools that's why I say it's important to

be able to use and leverage multiple AI

tools and that's why I think AI meta AI

competencies is going to be a very

important component in the education

ecosystem and I think that the educators

will start to evaluate you know how good

they are with AI tools and how good

their meta AI competencies may be so I

think that we'll we'll see Educators

adopting those metrics and rubrics to

evaluate student performance with with

AI um so I don't think that uh having AI

uh replacing teachers is going to happen

anytime soon obviously it's it's a quite

a forbidden topic as well however

teachers role will will gradually

transform into becoming coaches

obviously coaches know more about the

students and a much more individual and

personal level than teachers I would say

because as a coach you have to know the

strengths and weaknesses of all your

students and try to get the best

potential out of them and help them

develop their uh uh competencies so that

they can reach their fullest potential

and I think that will be the job of the

teachers of the future so that's how I

see things will be sort of unfolding in

the next three five even 10

years thank you very helpful you know if

we were to Zone in really on the student

and the learning

process how do you think AI will impact

that you know what will be possible you

perhaps in the future or or even now

that just wasn't possible

previously and what do you think might

be the most interesting applications in

the near term sure so soon as things

like CBT and B came out to the market I

started to ask students to use them to

solve problems and so I gave students in

more complex problems to so that they

had to use these tools to solve the

problems to work on their assignments

Etc so in classrooms where teachers are

not actively integrating AI in teaching

students won't be impacted obviously

students will remain the same they will

performing they'll be doing the same

sort of tasks but uh if teachers are

actively integrating AI I think the

students will be uh developing the

competencies required to be a a real

good productive citizens of the future I

believe so that's why I I encourage my

colleagues and other educator uh friends

to leverage Ai and try to integrate AI

sort of tasks in their uh classroom work

so if teachers provide students with the

prompts that require AI to solve yes

students will quickly develop AI

competencies and uh meta AI competencies

as I mentioned earlier for example

complex problems that require humans to

solve in multiple steps and sequences

can be solved at once with the AI if the

inquiry is well formulated it's people

used to use Google search and now people

use chat CPT to search for things but I

think that's a very early stage task uh

I think there could be a lot more

sophisticated uh problems that people

will be able to solve and then I will

give some examples on that too um uh in

order for students to be able to really

functional and thrive ding in the in the

era of artificial intelligence students

will need to develop prompting skills

and critical inquiry skills Etc and in

terms of what would be possible that's

not possible today I believe speed is

the most significant element in

productivity uh with the help of AI more

examples can be much more quickly

generated the depth of analysis is is

another matter so for example analyzing

massive amount of new data points would

allow Educators to do personalized

coaching or indiv individualized lesson

plans uh this means Concepts such as

realtime textbooks or just in time

learning plans will become the new

normal and I see some schools that are

already getting rid of the paper based

the textbooks and then they're switching

to sort of a just in time or more

Dynamic real-time textbook types of

things so in terms of the advancement of

AI soon understanding visual scenes or

human nuances will become quite accurate

uh right now we're using U videos and

haveit AI to review videos and annotate

things like that but uh very soon uh AI

will have a much more accurate

understanding of what's Happening from

visual scenes not just labeling U so for

example uh if a girl runs up to a man

and slaps the man's face and the girls

cries while the man looks down if if

imagine that you know that's little

complex SC right for for for anyone to

understand but AI will have a much more

accurate understanding of what might be

happening and not just labeling but um

for example maybe today the AI could

label it as oh girl is attacking a man

right as simple as that but in this

example AI would know the body language

the facial expressions and temporal

context and cultural and social norms at

a at a given location so with that level

of accuracy um I think it AI will be

used more widely and imagine the use of

this level of AI in assessing students

in classrooms right the students will be

much better assessed and then if they're

I mean I don't know if we will have a

physical classrooms in the future but uh

in in future classrooms the student

assessment will be assessed at a much

more personalized level individual level

at a much more uh sophisticated level so

that I think the tasks that students

will be doing in classrooms will be much

more sophisticated I I don't think they

will be trying to memorize things or

answering some questions I don't think

that that would be the kind of the

activities of the future classrooms so I

think that a lot of things will be

evolving in the education ecosystem in

the next five 10

years Super interesting um and very

interesting example of

course not not something that either one

of us have seen or experienced but as an

example um so now moving on to the

educator side of things and you know

you've been at Stanford school of

education for many many years you know

as you think about how the school

institutionally is thinking about how AI

will impact teaching as a

profession um you mentioned you know the

movement of teachers um towards coaching

um you mentioned assessment

uh which is one of the jobs that

teachers have today obviously becoming

better and more personalized um over

time you know when you think about AI

impacting the teaching profession

overall can you talk a little bit more

about that elaborate about that and also

what time frame you expect the um the

technology ultimately to be adopted from

where today it's just the early in

innovators early adopters uh are

actually really using it uh in a

uh on a frequent basis but when you

think you'll actually ultimately move to

early majority late majority uh Etc

right so 30 years ago internet sort of

became available to a lot of people

quickly and then about 20 years ago you

know mobile phone started to really pick

up and I believe probably with AI it'll

be much shorter time frame than what we

saw with smartphones or Internet with

the voice control AI in the next year or

two I think the real-time interaction

with AI tools will accelerate the

adoption and the quickest areas would be

the automation of administrative work

and content creation uh for teachers so

uh what used to be done manually by

teachers will be done by AI pretty much

in terms of uh sort of assessing student

essays or writing samples and things

like that will be done very quickly by

Ai and then content creat

so for for instance even today you could

make an inquiry like please extract

today's CNN news about climate change

and create a lesson plan featuring 10

engaging activities suitable for fifth

graders in a low resource classroom

setting you could actually give that to

chpt and chpt will be happy to give you

pages of lesson plans and activities and

you could ask you know what kind of fun

games it is a Hands-On fun Gam games or

more physically moving fun games you

can't ask specifics and then chbt even

today can generate such lesson plans

very quickly imag imagine what you will

be able to do uh next year even even

just next year 24 months uh 12 months uh

from now on and then 24 months

afterwards I think that things will be

moving very fast and and so I think that

those people who embraced uh new

technologies with the Gen AI I think

they will be able to uh uh be uh coming

up with all kinds of interesting

exciting and more engaging learning

activities for students if they're

willing to do so I'm sure there are

people who are not uh um embracing gen

geni and general AI tools uh but those

who who will will definitely be uh

leveraging them very uh well and

professionally so uh today the only uh

early adopters do this they are doing

this as an experimental uh purposes uh

but I think that in two three years the

early majority will be doing somewhat

more sophisticated tasks than just

getting the AI to generate some lesson

plans or activities and games to be used

in classrooms in maybe uh in six years

the I I would say the late majority will

be using much more mature AI tools I

know that we have concerns with a gen AI

tools such as like hallucination you

know sometimes the chat is feels that

it's too

confident it pretends that he knows

everything right and that so you get

some false statements and some uh

unexpected outcom so we have to watch

out for those obviously and then I think

it is an important uh uh element to

teach our students to check and verify

what you're getting is accurate or not I

think that's an important U lesson to

give to our growing students as well so

um not only leveraging them but also

monitor them check for accuracy Etc so

those those are I think that very

important um elements to be discussed in

classrooms

horrific now do you think about Ai and

learning different ly across the

different end markets of Education when

you think about K12 as a market and

higher

education um as as another phase of

learning and then ultimately the

corporate learning Enterprise Learning

and lifelong learning you know phase you

know do you think that AI will impact um

the education space quite differently

those different end markets yeah I think

that uh people may have different

opinions about your question but in my

view the lower grade students um um they

are still building General foundation

for future learning so uh uh whereas the

higher ad and Beyond is for more

specialized knowledge and skill

development so there's

definitely differentiator um so AI in

lower grades will focus a lot on

engaging in more Discovery experiential

learning opportunities uh for knowledge

uh uh especially for non knowledge

domain uh whereas AI for later stages a

higher at and corporate in continuous uh

lifelong learning uh areas I think that

uh in in those uh stages they will focus

a lot on creativity and innovation in

unknown

territories um so that's when when they

want to uh bring about higher level of

efficiency and then uh saving time

saving cost and all those things so uh a

later stage learning will definitely uh

be focusing on that especially linked to

productivity for lifelong learning I

think it's about bringing another

potential that you may have uh you you

you just don't realize right so for

example I I always want to learn

something new and try to link what I

know with what I may learn tomorrow so I

think AI will be helping with with that

as well uh nonetheless what will be

common are the opportunities with the

coaching and assisting and partnering

and brainstorming with the AI I I use

chpt for a lot of brainstorming

activities on a daily basis you know I

have an idea I like to run it by chpt

and see what it thinks and what sort of

a pointers it provide me with and so I I

use that a lot for brainstorming partner

right but for lifelong learning I think

that AI will play role in in coaching in

a assisting as well so that that's how I

see got it and then turning to the

company side you know where do you see

companies in the education category

really creating value and finding

differentiation what we've noticed

looking across the market in part

because it is early in terms of the

actual integration and usage of

generative um AI capabilities in um the

company context that there are just

hundreds of new startups that are

integrating with open AI in some way

shape or form or just utilizing the

Technologies just in Niche applications

um it would be really interesting to see

this space develop over time but when

you think about the company side of

things where do you feel the biggest

drivers of market value in the future

will be in uh AI technology and

education yeah I think that the speed in

productivity is the main key Drive

driver for this um at the individual

level as well as the corporate level in

in terms of the companies that they want

to uh be able to process a vast amount

of data they can do this uh by using AI

at personal level when we are exploring

a variety of different tasks at work on

a daily basis we like to you know have a

brainstorming partner we like to have a

some sort of an a assistant that can

save time in doing things so for example

uh if you were to say analyze your

credit card spending for the last six

months right you will have to

copy paste into Excel file and then try

to see maybe you can categorize them and

kind of determine which one is which you

maybe some credit card companies may do

that already but uh the other day I was

just as a curiosity I was just copy

pasted the my you know three months

credit card spending and I asked ch GPT

hey can you categorize into six

different categories and show me a table

with areas that had huge changes in the

past three months and he was able to

create the tables in matter of you know

seconds or minute and that's the kind of

things that you will be able to do you

know you don't you don't have to give a

lot of uh uh accurate or uh word byw

instructions you you just have the AI

understand roughly what you are trying

to do so I think that uh we'll be able

to uh use AI for more unsupervised data

analysis and characterizations and

classifications and reorganizing

repurposing and then even

visualization I think all these things

will be possible and then it is already

possible it's just that it will become

more accurate and faster and so those

who are uh

familiarized with these processes today

obviously will become uh much better uh

performers in in coming years and those

who resist or those who have fear for

some reason they just don't like to um

use AI tools I think they will fall

behind and uh overall understanding a uh

having the AI understanding a vast

amount of data and then especially

context of what the data may be telling

you and while transforming existing

materials for different purposes and

understanding human commands and

intentions I think all these things will

get better and better on a daily basis

so the companies will obviously see the

speed and productivity efficiency and

Effectiveness and simplifying human

tasks for these reasons that they will

adopt and they will come up with all

types of solutions that may not exist

today

got it um and then

lastly can you talk a little bit about

um risks or dangers that Educators and

policy makers Technologies technologists

ought to be thinking about or just

generally be aware of and and um and and

and be cautious around in in terms of

developing uh the technology as we

ultimately continue to see this space

grow you mentioned hallucinations and

and the importance of Ed Educators

teaching their students to check and

verify Etc what else are you thinking

about um from either a policy

perspective or an educator perspective

in terms of understanding and managing

the

risks yeah so as I mentioned earlier I

think a dependency you know as you

depend on AI tools much more than today

I think that the students especially the

students who did not uh let's say the

let's say AI generation right the

students who are born into this

generation who are using the AI and they

didn't see the previous generation uh

tools then probably they'll have a high

level of dependency and what that will

do is I'm I'm concerned about the

executive functioning skills of this

generation because when when things

weren't automated we had to monitor

right we had to monitor processes and we

had to plan things we had to put things

in SE in the right sequence and LA logic

right so those things will be a lot of

them will be automated you may not need

to think too much about you know is this

in the right sequence is this in the

right logic or not because AI will take

care of that for you so that the

exective functioning skills will will be

suffering in in the in the in a lot of

young young students in the current

generation and that's what I'm worried

about you know uh what if AI lights are

off what what are they going to be able

to do you know are they putting things

will they be able to put things in the

right sequence will they be able to

monitor things properly will they be

able to um perform complex tasks the

right logic Etc so I think we still need

to have activities that will ensure that

students are developing the uh

appropriate level of executive

functioning skills and monitoring skills

and planning skills Etc a lot of a meta

uh meta itive level skills and uh the

other the flip side of that is we will

need to have students develop the meta

AI competencies because they will be

dealing with all types of uh different

AI tools and they will

probably uh use multiple of them to get

a consensus right so you're not just

depending on one particular solution but

you are using multiple solutions to get

the kind of average or consensus or

common uh uh

directions and so I think that that that

will be quite important skill sets that

that students will have to continue to

develop um from from today uh and

creative uh inquiry skill I think that

is becoming a quite a Hot Topic these

days because in the Google search er you

know people just were able to search

things and they were happy with answers

but now if you use a gen AI tools in the

same way then you're not really

taking the full advantage of AI

tools it takes some creative inquiry to

be able to get the Creative Solutions

and outcomes uh and so therefore I think

that continuing to help students develop

creativity you know critical thinking

you know um inquiry skills I think those

those will be very important um elements

in in school curriculum today and

tomorrow so um these are the kinds of

things that we'll probably see in

curriculum transformation in the next

couple of

years really interesting uh very

Illuminating as always um thank you so

much uh Paul for your insights today and

uh for sharing perspectives uh based on

on your experiences uh in the space over

many years uh thank you for your time

well thank you for asking me these

questions and thank you for having me