PERJUANGAN MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN DISINTEGRASI BANGSA :Pemberontakan APRA, RMS, Andi Azis, PRRI-Permesta

Makna Masa

22 Jul 202112:41

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the turmoil in Indonesia's history, focusing on uprisings driven by ideology, interests, and governance systems. It covers significant rebellions such as the APRA led by Captain Raymond Westerling, aiming to preserve a federal state, and the South Moluccan Republic's resistance to integration into NKRI. The script also touches on the PRRI, driven by regional discontent with central government policies and the Permesta movement, which sought attention to regional governance. These events highlight the struggles for autonomy and the central government's military responses to maintain national unity.

Takeaways

😐 The script discusses various rebellions in Indonesia that were influenced by both ideology and interests, threatening the country's unity.
🏰 The APRA rebellion, led by Captain Raymond Westerling, aimed to maintain a federal state structure in Indonesia and had its own army within the RIS states.
🗺️ On January 23, 1950, APRA forces managed to occupy key locations in the city of Dukuh for a few hours, including the Siliwangi Division headquarters.
🛡️ Captain Westerling planned to attack the cabinet session building and kidnap ministers, but the APRA forces were repelled by APRIS troops and the plan failed.
👑 Sultan Hamid II was a key figure behind the APRA rebellion, and after his capture in Singapore on February 26, 1958, he was involved in the rebellion's suppression.
🤝 Andi Azis joined APRIS forces in front of the military commander and the eastern territory under Lieutenant Colonel Adjie Mogoginta, but the alliance was short-lived.
🚨 On April 5, 1950, Andi Azis and his forces rejected the entry of APRIS troops from the TNI into South Sulawesi, fearing being pressured by the new forces and not wanting to cooperate.
🏛️ The South Moluccan Republic (RMS) rebellion was related to the government's policy to dissolve states and unite them under the NKRI, which RMS rejected.
📜 The RMS rebellion was led by figures like Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson, who sought to separate from the NKRI and establish the RMS with its own military force.
🛑 The government attempted to suppress the RMS rebellion both peacefully through negotiations and militarily with operations like Senopati 1 and Senopati 2, which eventually led to the capture and execution of RMS leaders.
🏛️ The PRRI rebellion was driven by regional dissatisfaction with the central government's focus on large-scale development projects, neglecting other regions.
🛡️ The Permesta movement arose from a desire for more attention to regional governance and led to a guerrilla-style rebellion after the central government's refusal to meet their demands.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the rebellions in Indonesia that were related to ideology, interests, and government systems.
What was the purpose of the APRA rebellion led by Captain Raymond Westerling?
-The purpose of the APRA rebellion was to maintain the federal form of the state in Indonesia and to be recognized as the national army of Pasundan.
What significant event occurred on January 23, 1950, during the APRA rebellion?
-On January 23, 1950, the APRA forces successfully occupied almost all important places in the city of Duli for a few hours, including the Siliwangi Division headquarters.
What was Captain Westerling's plan for Jakarta on January 26, 1950?
-Captain Westerling planned to attack the building where the RIS cabinet meeting was held, intending to kidnap all ministers and kill the Defense Minister, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX.
Who was behind the APRA rebellion besides Captain Westerling?
-Sultan Hamid II was another figure behind the APRA rebellion.
What was the outcome of the APRA rebellion?
-The APRA rebellion was repelled by the APRIS troops, and the plan to kidnap ministers and kill the Defense Minister was thwarted.
What was the South Moluccan Republic (RMS) rebellion about?
-The RMS rebellion was related to the government's policy to dissolve the states and unite them within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), which RMS rejected.
Who was one of the leaders of the RMS rebellion?
-One of the leaders of the RMS rebellion was Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson, a former Attorney General of the Eastern Indonesia State.
What was the result of the government's military operation against the RMS?
-The government suppressed the RMS rebellion with a military operation, which included operations Senopati 1 and Senopati 2, leading to the capture of key figures and the eventual surrender of the rebellion.
What was the reason behind the PRRI rebellion?
-The PRRI rebellion was triggered by the perceived neglect of regional development by the central government under President Soekarno's administration.
What was the outcome of the Permesta rebellion?
-The Permesta rebellion ended with the government offering amnesty and abolition for those involved, and the movement declared its dissolution in 1961.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ APRA Rebellion and Its Impact on Indonesia's Federalism

The first paragraph discusses the APRA (Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil) rebellion led by Captain Raymond Westerling, a Dutch military officer. The rebellion aimed to maintain a federal state structure in Indonesia, with its own army in the provinces. On January 23, 1950, APRA forces briefly occupied key locations in a city, including the Siliwangi Division headquarters. They also entered Jakarta on January 26, 1950, with plans to attack the cabinet meeting location and kidnap ministers. However, these plans were thwarted by the Indonesian army. Sultan Hamid II, another key figure behind the APRA rebellion, was captured in Singapore on February 26, 1958, after fleeing Indonesia. The paragraph also touches on Andi Azis's integration into APRA and the subsequent military operations against the rebellion.

05:01

🛡️ The South Moluccan Republic Uprising and Government Response

The second paragraph delves into the South Moluccan Republic Uprising (RMS), which was a response to the government's policy of dissolving autonomous states and integrating them into the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The RMS, led by figures such as Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson, sought independence from the NKRI. The proclamation of the RMS occurred on April 25, 1950, with JH Manuhutu as president and Albert Warisan as prime minister. The government attempted to quell the uprising through peaceful negotiations and military operations. The military operations, led by Colonel Dilarang and involving operations Senopati 1 and Senopati 2, were aimed at capturing key strongholds like Fort Victoria in Ambon. The rebellion continued with guerrilla warfare until the capture and trial of Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, who was sentenced to death.

10:01

💥 The PRRI and Permesta Movements: Regional Discontent and Military Actions

The third paragraph covers the PRRI (Pemerkumatan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia) and Permesta movements, which arose from regional discontent with the central government's allocation of development funds. The PRRI began with the formation of regional councils in Sumatra, led by various military figures, and culminated in the declaration of a revolutionary government in Bukittinggi on February 15, 1958. The central government responded with military operations named Tegas, 17 Agustus, and Saptamarga. The Permesta movement, which sought greater attention to regional governance, was declared in Makassar in March 1957 and involved guerrilla warfare. The government eventually quelled the Permesta rebellion through combined operations named Merdeka and Saptamarga, leading to negotiations, amnesty, and the dissolution of the movements by 1961.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Pergolakan

The term 'Pergolakan' refers to rebellion or uprising in Indonesian history, specifically against the central government or established order. In the video's context, it is used to describe various movements that threatened Indonesia's integration. For example, the script mentions the rebellion related to interests, which is a central theme of the video, discussing how these uprisings challenged the unity of Indonesia.

💡APRA

APRA, or Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil, translates to 'Army of the Just King's War'. It was a rebellion led by Captain Raymond Westerling, a Dutch military officer, with the goal of maintaining a federal state in Indonesia. The script provides details of APRA's actions, such as occupying significant locations in a city and planning to kidnap ministers, illustrating the extent of their rebellion.

💡Federalism

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. In the video, the concept is related to the desire of certain groups to maintain a federal state structure in Indonesia, as opposed to a centralized government. The APRA's aim to preserve federalism is a key example of this concept in the script.

💡Pemberontakan

The Indonesian word 'Pemberontakan' means 'rebellion' or 'uprising'. The script uses this term to describe several historical events, such as the APRA rebellion and the South Moluccan Republic's rebellion, highlighting the theme of resistance against the central government or certain policies.

💡RMS

RMS stands for Republik Maluku Selatan, or South Moluccan Republic. It was a rebellion against the Indonesian government's policy to dissolve the states and unite them under the NKRI (Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia). The script mentions RMS as an example of a separatist movement, with its own president and prime minister, showing the diversity of rebellions in Indonesian history.

💡PRRI

PRRI, or Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia, translates to 'Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia'. It was a rebellion initiated by regional military leaders who felt neglected by the central government's development plans. The script discusses the formation of PRRI, its leaders, and the military operations against it, emphasizing the internal conflicts within Indonesia during that period.

💡Permesta

Permesta was a regional rebellion movement that sought more attention from the central government for regional governance. The script describes the movement's demands and the military's response, including the declaration of the Permesta struggle and the subsequent military operations to suppress it.

💡Amnisti

Amnisti, or 'amnesty', refers to the act of pardoning individuals who have been convicted of political offenses. In the script, the central government's decision to grant amnesty and abolish the charges against those involved in PRRI and Permesta is mentioned, showing the government's approach to resolving the rebellions.

💡Panglima

Panglima is an Indonesian term for 'commander' or 'leader', typically used in a military context. The script mentions various Panglimas, such as those leading different regional rebellions, indicating their roles in the uprisings and their significance in the video's narrative.

💡Operasi Militer

This term translates to 'military operation' and is used in the script to describe the actions taken by the Indonesian government to suppress the various rebellions. The script provides examples of different military operations, such as 'Operasi Tegas' and 'Operasi Saptamarga', illustrating the government's efforts to maintain national unity.

💡NKRI

NKRI stands for Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, which is the 'Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia'. The script discusses the government's policy to dissolve states and unite them under NKRI, which was a point of contention for some of the rebellions, such as RMS, who sought to separate from this unitary system.

Highlights

Discussion on the rebellions in Indonesia with a background in ideology and interests.

Indonesia's history records rebellions related to interests that threaten the country's integration.

The APRA rebellion led by Captain Raymond Westerling, a Dutch military officer.

APRA aimed to maintain a federal state form in Indonesia with its own soldiers in the states of the RIS.

On January 23, 1950, APRA forces occupied key locations in the city of Dukuh for several hours.

Plan to kidnap ministers and kill Defense Minister Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX foiled by APRIS soldiers.

Sultan Hamid II, a figure behind the APRA rebellion, captured in Singapore on February 26, 1958.

Andi Azis and his forces joined APRIS in front of Lieutenant Colonel Adjie Mogoginta in East Territory.

Andi Azis refused the integration of APRIS troops from the TNI in South Sulawesi due to discomfort.

Andi Azis's rebellion led to the capture of Makassar and an ultimatum from President Soekarno.

Andi Azis was sentenced to 15 years in prison after being tried in a Military Court in Yogyakarta.

The South Moluccan Republic rebellion (RMS) related to the government's policy of dissolving states.

RMS wanted to separate from the RIS and NKRI, led by Dr. Christian Robert Stevenson.

Proclamation of the South Moluccan Republic with JH Manuhutu as president and Albert Warisan as prime minister.

Government used both peaceful negotiations and military operations to suppress the RMS rebellion.

Colonel Slamet Riyadi died during the military operation to occupy Fort Victoria in Ambon.

RMS rebels continued their guerrilla warfare after fleeing to Haruku Island, with S. Poko Moa captured in 1963.

Background of PRRI due to regional governments' jealousy towards the central government under President Soekarno.

Formation of regional councils as part of the PRRI rebellion, including the Banteng Council led by Letkol Ahmad Husein.

PRRI declared after the central government ignored the ultimatum issued by Ahmad Husein on February 15, 1958.

Military operations by the central government to suppress PRRI, including Operation Tegas and Operation Saptamarga.

Permesta movement arose due to dissatisfaction with the central government's allocation of development funds.

Proclamation of the Permesta struggle in Makassar, supported by military commanders and regional figures.

Permesta continued the rebellion with guerrilla warfare tactics.

Government quelled the Permesta rebellion with joint operations, including Operation Merdeka and Operation Saptamarga.

Permesta declared its willingness to negotiate with the central government in 1963 and received amnesty in 1961.