How Magellan circumnavigated the globe - Ewandro Magalhaes

TED-Ed
30 Mar 201705:52

Summary

TLDRIn 1522, the 'Victoria' completed the first circumnavigation of the globe, a historic journey fraught with mutiny, shipwrecks, and Magellan's death. The expedition began in 1519, driven by Spain's quest for a westward route to the lucrative Spice Islands. Despite setbacks, including Magellan's demise and the loss of ships, the surviving crew, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, returned to Spain with a profitable cargo. The voyage's chronicler, Pigafetta, documented the journey, which defied conventional wisdom and left a lasting legacy.

Takeaways

  • 🌐 The 'Victoria' completed the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1522, marking a significant achievement in maritime history.
  • 👑 The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the New World between Spain and Portugal, with Spain gaining the right to explore westward for new trade routes.
  • 🌍 Spain sought a westward route to the Spice Islands due to Portugal's control over the eastern sea routes, which were highly lucrative for the spice trade.
  • 🏴‍☠️ Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese defector, was granted command of a Spanish fleet to find a westward route to the Spice Islands, with the promise of a share in the profits.
  • 📜 Magellan's fleet set sail in 1519 with five ships and about 260 men, including a young slave named Enrique and a Venetian nobleman, Antonio Pigafetta.
  • 🛑 The fleet faced mutiny and harsh weather conditions, with Magellan suppressing the mutiny and the 'Santiago' being wrecked during the journey.
  • 🚢 The 'San Antonio' abandoned the expedition, leaving Magellan with three ships to navigate through what is now known as the Strait of Magellan.
  • 🌊 The Pacific Ocean proved to be vast and challenging, with the fleet losing many men to scurvy and famine before reaching land again.
  • ⚔️ Magellan was killed in the Philippines while attempting to subdue a rebellious chief, leaving the expedition without its leader.
  • 🗺️ After Magellan's death, the expedition continued under new leadership, eventually reaching the Spice Islands and acquiring a valuable cargo.
  • 🔥 The 'Trinidad' was lost, and the 'Victoria', under Juan Sebastián Elcano, successfully returned to Spain, completing the historic circumnavigation.
  • 📔 Antonio Pigafetta's detailed chronicles and the world's first phrase book of native languages provide a record of the journey and its encounters.

Q & A

  • What significant event did the 'Victoria' achieve on September 6, 1522?

    -The 'Victoria' achieved the first circumnavigation of the globe.

  • Why did the Catholic Spanish rulers turn to the Pope after Columbus's discovery in 1492?

    -They sought to preempt any claims by Portugal to the new lands discovered by Columbus.

  • What was the outcome of the dispute between Spain and Portugal regarding new territories?

    -The Pope drew an imaginary line on the world map, dividing the territories between Spain and Portugal, which was formalized in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

  • What were the main trade routes that Spain and Portugal were interested in, and why were they valuable?

    -They were interested in trade routes to the Spice Islands in today's Indonesia because the spices found there were worth many times their weight in gold.

  • Why did Spain decide to sail westward to reach the Spice Islands?

    -Due to Portugal's control over the eastern sea routes, sailing west was Spain's only viable option.

  • Who was Ferdinand Magellan, and what role did he play in the Spanish armada?

    -Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese defector who claimed a westward route to the Spice Islands existed. He was made captain of the Spanish armada and given resources for the voyage.

  • What were the names of the two notable crew members on Magellan's fleet?

    -The two notable crew members were Enrique, a young slave, and Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian nobleman.

  • What was the outcome of the mutiny against Magellan's leadership?

    -Magellan crushed the mutiny with unspeakable cruelty, maintaining his leadership over the fleet.

  • How did the 'Victoria' return to Spain after Magellan's death?

    -The 'Victoria' continued west, piloted by Juan Sebastián Elcano, one of the pardoned mutineers, and made it back to Spain with a full cargo of cloves and cinnamon.

  • What is the significance of Antonio Pigafetta's journal?

    -Pigafetta's journal is significant because it chronicled the lands and people they encountered and compiled the world's first phrase book of native languages, allowing us to tell this story.

  • What legacy did Magellan and Elcano leave behind?

    -Magellan's legacy includes having galaxies and space programs named after him, while Elcano was celebrated in Spain with a coat of arms and his face on currency and stamps.

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Ähnliche Tags
Magellan ExpeditionFirst CircumnavigationSpice IslandsHistorical AdventureGlobal DiscoverySailing HistoryPortugal SpainTreaty of TordesillasPacific OceanVoyage of VictoriaTrade Routes
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