Eksplorasi dan Produksi Migas

SKK Migas Official

27 Aug 201404:35

Summary

TLDRThe script details the complex process of oil and gas extraction from the earth, starting from the transformation of ancient organic matter under high pressure and heat into minerals. It covers the exploration phase, involving geological and geophysical studies, seismic surveys, and exploratory drilling, which is both costly and risky. If successful, the production phase follows, including well drilling, development, and construction of production facilities. The extracted oil and gas are then brought to the surface, separated, and transported to consumers, highlighting the lengthy and resource-intensive nature of the industry managed by SKK Migas for Indonesia's future energy needs.

Takeaways

🌿 Oil and natural gas are formed from ancient living organisms that, after dying and being buried for millions of years, are subjected to high pressure and temperature, transforming into hydrocarbons that migrate to the Earth's surface.
🔍 The modern oil and gas industry is divided into two main phases: exploration to find reserves and production to bring these resources to the surface.
📚 Exploration activities include geological studies to understand the structure and arrangement of rocks beneath the surface, which helps identify areas for further investigation.
🔬 Geophysical studies are conducted to determine the physical properties of rocks from the surface to several kilometers deep, with seismic surveys being the most common method.
🕒 The process of exploration, including seismic surveys, can take from six months to over a year, depending on the area and depth of investigation.
💰 Drilling is a significant and expensive part of both exploration and production, with a single well potentially taking one to four months to drill.
🚫 Exploration carries high risks and uncertainties, with the worst-case scenario being a 'dry hole,' where no reserves are found.
🔑 If exploration is successful, the process can proceed to development or production, which involves drilling wells, developing infrastructure, and establishing production facilities.
🌐 Production activities lift oil and gas to the surface, where they are separated from unwanted materials and eventually stored or transported to consumers.
⏳ The entire process of exploration and production is lengthy, with the oil and gas we use today being the result of decades of exploration and production efforts.
🏛️ In Indonesia, the State Oil and Gas Company (SKK Migas) manages the upstream oil and gas sector to ensure availability for the future.

Q & A

What are the origins of oil and natural gas?
-Oil and natural gas are the result of ancient life forms that died and were buried over millions of years, subjected to high pressure and temperature, and then transformed into hydrocarbons that can be brought to the Earth's surface as oil and gas.
How is the modern oil and gas industry divided the process of extracting these resources?
-The modern oil and gas industry divides the process into two stages: exploration and production. Exploration is for finding reserves, while production aims to bring these reserves to the surface.
What are the main activities involved in the exploration phase of oil and gas extraction?
-The exploration phase includes geological studies, geophysical studies, seismic surveys, and drilling. These activities help in understanding the structure and arrangement of rocks and identifying potential areas for reserves.
What is the purpose of geological studies in the exploration process?
-Geological studies are conducted to understand the structure and composition of rocks in the subsurface layers, which helps in identifying areas that require further investigation using geophysical studies.
What is the role of geophysical studies in the exploration of oil and gas?
-Geophysical studies aim to determine the physical properties of the rock formations from the surface to several kilometers below, providing insights into the potential for hydrocarbon reserves.
What is seismic surveying and how long does it typically take?
-Seismic surveying is the most commonly used method to understand the physical properties of subsurface rock formations. It can take from 6 months to over a year, depending on the area size and depth of investigation.
What is the significance of drilling in the exploration process?
-Drilling is a crucial part of exploration and production activities. It involves drilling deeper into the identified layers to confirm the presence of reserves and is a significant cost factor in the exploration process.
How long does it typically take to drill a well?
-The drilling of a well can take from 1 to 4 months, depending on various factors including the depth and complexity of the geological formation.
What are the risks and uncertainties involved in the exploration drilling?
-Exploration drilling carries high risks and uncertainties, including the possibility of a dry well, where no reserves are found, despite the significant capital and resources invested.
What happens if the exploration activities are successful?
-If exploration is successful, the process can continue with the development or production phase, which includes drilling wells, developing infrastructure, and starting the production of oil and gas.
How are oil and gas brought to the surface and processed?
-Oil and gas are brought to the surface through wells, then lifted to the surface using tubing. They are then transported through pipelines to separators, which separate them from unwanted materials. The oil is directed to storage tanks, while the gas is transported to consumers.
What is the role of the SKK Migas in managing oil and gas exploration and production in Indonesia?
-SKK Migas oversees the upstream oil and gas management for the country, ensuring the exploration and production activities are conducted in line with Indonesian regulations and to secure the availability of oil and gas for the future.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Formation of Fossil Fuels and Exploration Process

This paragraph discusses the origin of oil and natural gas as a result of ancient life forms subjected to high pressure and heat over millions of years, transforming into minerals that carry these fuels to the surface. It highlights the lengthy and costly industry processes involved in exploration and production, which are divided into two stages: exploration to find reserves and production to extract them. Exploration includes geological and geophysical studies, seismic surveys, and drilling, which can take from six months to a year depending on the area and depth. The most commonly used method to understand the physical properties of the subsurface rock is seismic surveying, which helps visualize potential reservoir layers. If potential layers are found, exploratory drilling is conducted, which is a significant cost and time investment with high risks and uncertainties.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are sedimentary minerals formed from the remains of ancient life forms that have been subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. They are the primary focus of the video, which discusses their formation and extraction process. The script mentions that 'minyak dan gas bumi merupakan hasil dari, proses makhluk hidup purbakala yang mati,' which translates to 'oil and natural gas are the result of the process of ancient life forms that have died.'

💡Exploration

Exploration in the context of the oil and gas industry refers to the process of searching for new reserves. The script outlines that 'kegiatan eksplorasi dimaksudkan untuk menemukan cadangan Migas,' meaning 'exploration activities are intended to find oil and gas reserves.' It is a critical first step in the industry, involving various geological and geophysical studies.

💡Geological Study

A geological study is an investigation of the structure and composition of the Earth's crust to identify potential areas for oil and gas reserves. The script states 'studi geologi dilakukan untuk, memahami struktur dan susunan batu di, lapisan bawah permukaan,' which translates to 'geological studies are conducted to understand the structure and arrangement of rocks in the subsurface layers.'

💡Geophysics

Geophysics is the application of physical principles to study the Earth's structure and its processes. In the script, it is mentioned as 'studi geofisika bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik batuan, mulai dari permukaan hingga kedalaman, beberapa kilometer,' meaning 'geophysical studies aim to understand the physical properties of rocks from the surface to several kilometers deep.'

💡Seismic Survey

A seismic survey is a method used in geophysics to investigate the properties of the Earth's subsurface by analyzing the reflection and refraction of seismic waves. The script describes it as 'metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik batuan adalah survei seismik,' which translates to 'the most commonly used method to determine the physical properties of rocks is seismic surveying.'

💡Drilling

Drilling is the process of making a hole in the Earth's surface to access subsurface resources such as oil and gas. The script mentions 'kegiatan pengeboran semakin dalam, lapisan yang Dibor maka semakin besar, biaya yang harus dikeluarkan,' meaning 'the deeper the drilling activity, the greater the layers drilled, the higher the cost incurred.' It is a significant and costly part of exploration and production.

💡Reservoir

A reservoir is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons that can be extracted and processed. The script refers to the potential discovery of a 'lapisan yang berpotensi menyimpan cadangan Migas,' which translates to 'a layer that has the potential to store oil and gas reserves.'

💡Development

Development in the oil and gas industry involves the construction of infrastructure necessary to extract and produce from a discovered reservoir. The script mentions 'kegiatan pengembangan atau produksi,' which translates to 'development or production activities,' as the next step after successful exploration.

💡Production

Production refers to the process of extracting oil and gas from the reservoir and bringing it to the surface. The script describes the process as 'kegiatan produksi mengangkat, minyak dan gas bumi ke permukaan,' meaning 'production activities lift oil and gas to the surface.'

💡Separator

A separator is a device used in the oil and gas industry to separate oil and gas from unwanted materials. The script mentions 'dialirkan ke separator yang akan memisahkan keduanya, dari material yang tidak dibutuhkan,' which translates to 'it is directed to a separator that will separate the two from unwanted materials.'

💡Contractor

In the context of the oil and gas industry, a contractor is a company that undertakes exploration and production activities on behalf of the state or other entities. The script states 'semua biaya yang timbul dari kegiatan eksplorasi dan produksi, sepenuhnya ditanggung kontraktor,' meaning 'all costs incurred from exploration and production activities are fully borne by the contractor.'

💡Risk and Uncertainty

Risk and uncertainty are inherent in the exploration and production of oil and gas, as not all drilling efforts result in the discovery of reserves. The script highlights 'kegiatan eksplorasi mengandung, resiko dan ketidakpastian yang sangat, tinggi,' which translates to 'exploration activities contain very high risk and uncertainty.'

Highlights

Minyak dan gas bumi berasal dari proses pembakuan makhluk hidup purba yang mati dan terkubur selama jutaan tahun.

Proses pembentukan minyak dan gas melibatkan tekanan dan pemanasan yang tinggi.

Industri Migas modern mengelola proses eksplorasi dan produksi dalam dua tahap yang berbeda.

Eksplorasi bertujuan menemukan cadangan minyak dan gas.

Produksi bertujuan mengangkat minyak dan gas ke permukaan.

Studi geologi membantu memahami struktur dan susunan batu di lapisan bawah permukaan.

Studi geofisika digunakan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik batuan dari permukaan hingga kedalaman beberapa kilometer.

Survei seismik adalah metode yang paling banyak digunakan dalam studi geofisika.

Proses eksplorasi mencakup pengboran eksplorasi yang memerlukan biaya yang signifikan.

Pengeboran merupakan bagian terpenting dalam kegiatan eksplorasi dan produksi dengan risiko dan ketidakpastian yang tinggi.

Kegiatan eksplorasi memerlukan modal besar, teknologi canggih, dan sumber daya manusia berpengalaman.

Risiko terburuk dari pengeboran adalah dry hole atau tidak ditemukannya cadangan minyak dan gas.

Jika eksplorasi berhasil, kegiatan dapat dilanjutkan dengan tahap pengembangan atau produksi.

Pengembangan atau produksi mencakup pengeboran sumur, pengembangan, dan pembangunan fasilitas produksi.

Minyak dan gas diangkat ke permukaan melalui aliran dan pipa salur setelah dipisahkan dari material yang tidak dibutuhkan.

Proses pengangkatan minyak dan gas dapat memanfaatkan tekanan alami atau metode pengangkatan buatan.

Biaya dari kegiatan eksplorasi dan produksi ditanggung oleh kontraktor dan akan dikembalikan saat lapangan menghasilkan.

Eksplorasi dan produksi minyak dan gas memerlukan waktu lama dan dilakukan untuk menjamin ketersediaan sumber daya energi masa depan.

SKK Migas bertanggung jawab mengelola sumber daya hulu minyak dan gas bumi untuk negara.