Valparaíso Inamible / #Gentrifícamelo!
Summary
TLDREl guion habla sobre la gentrificación en Cerro Concepción y Cerro Alegre en Valparaiso, Chile, y cómo esto ha provocado el desplazamiento de los habitantes originales debido al incremento del capital. Se discute la falta de acciones del estado para proteger a los residentes y la imposibilidad de congelar el alquiler por razones constitucionales. La gentrificación se presenta como un proceso inevitable que ha traído restauración de casas antiguas y creación de empleo, pero también ha generado segregación y ha cambiado la esencia de la comunidad. La UNESCO declaró a Valparaiso como patrimonio de la humanidad, lo que aumentó su valor y atrajo turismo, pero no siempre ha beneficiado a los habitantes locales.
Takeaways
- 🏙️ Gentrificación es el proceso por el cual los habitantes de un sector no pueden permanecer debido al aumento del capital, provocando la evicción de clases más bajas por clases más altas.
- 🇨🇱 En Chile, congelar el dinero del sector privado va en contra de la constitución, lo que limita las acciones del estado para proteger o congelar alquileres.
- 👷 La gentrificación, aunque vista con desdén, también puede ser un proceso de cambio que conlleva la restauración de casas antiguas y la creación de empleo.
- 🏡 Muchas casas en Valparaíso tienen más de 100 años y necesitan restauración, lo que a su vez preserva el patrimonio arquitectónico.
- 🌐 El estatus de Patrimonio de la Humanidad de Valparaíso, otorgado por UNESCO, ha aumentado su valor y lo ha convertido en un destino turístico.
- 🎉 La declaración de Valparaíso como Patrimonio de la Humanidad generó un auge en la demanda de propiedades en la zona.
- 🏘️ Las áreas de Cerro Concepción y Alegre, por ser las más visitadas por turistas, sufren una mayor presión de inversiones y transformación.
- 💡 La gentrificación en Valparaíso no solo es el resultado de la demanda de vivienda, sino también de la identidad y la imagen que se quiere proyectar como ciudad turística.
- 🏢 La naturaleza del estado chileno no fomenta la innovación, y en lugar de eso, se resuelven problemas a través de la intervención de particulares con recursos.
- 🛠️ La restauración de casas antiguas en Valparaíso no solo es un negocio, sino también una oportunidad para preservar la arquitectura y la historia de la ciudad.
- 🌐 El turismo en Valparaíso ha traído desafíos, como la saturación de ciertos barrios y la segregación social, y ha generado tensiones entre la comunidad tradicional y los nuevos desarrolladores.
Q & A
¿Qué es la gentrificación y cómo afecta a los habitantes de un sector?
-La gentrificación es el proceso por el cual los habitantes de un sector, generalmente de clase baja, son desplazados debido al aumento del valor de la propiedad, lo que les resulta imposible de mantener. En el contexto de Cerro Concepción, esto significó la pérdida del barrio como tal.
¿Por qué no se pudo congelar el alquiler en Chile para proteger a los habitantes de la gentrificación?
-En Chile, congelar el dinero del sector privado va en contra de la constitución, lo que impide que el estado tome medidas para proteger a los habitantes de la gentrificación.
¿Cómo se ve la gentrificación en el contexto de la restauración de casas antiguas?
-Algunos ven la gentrificación como un proceso de cambio en el cual se restauran casas antiguas, lo que conlleva la creación de empleo y la preservación del patrimonio arquitectónico.
¿Por qué se considera que Valparaíso no estaba preparada para ser declarada como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por UNESCO?
-Valparaíso no estaba preparada debido a su complejidad topográfica, social e histórica, y no contaba con un plan para manejar los cambios que traería consigo dicha declaración.
¿Cómo afectó la declaración de Valparaíso como Patrimonio de la Humanidad a la gentrificación y el mercado inmobiliario?
-La declaración generó un gran interés en la compra de propiedades en Valparaíso, lo que aumentó el valor de las mismas y provocó una ola de inversiones, particularmente en casas antiguas y abandonadas.
¿Qué rol desempeñan los turistas y la gentrificación en la identidad y la vida de los barrios de Cerro Concepción y Cerro Alegre?
-Los turistas y la gentrificación han transformado estos barrios en áreas temáticas y caras para el turismo, lo que ha llevado a una cierta segregación y distancia entre la comunidad tradicional y los nuevos intereses privados.
¿Cómo se relaciona el proyecto de restauración de la casa mencionada en el guion con la gentrificación y el turismo?
-El proyecto de restauración de la casa se insertó en el contexto de la gentrificación y el turismo, buscando limitar los efectos negativos de estos procesos y contribuir a la preservación del patrimonio arquitectónico.
¿Qué problemas surgieron con la inversión en el sector turístico y la construcción de alojamientos como boutique hotels y lofts?
-La inversión en alojamientos turísticos ha llevado a una saturación del mercado y a una desconexión con la comunidad local, además de generar problemas de parking y de calidad de vida para los vecinos.
¿Cómo se percibe la relación entre los arquitectos y la gentrificación en Valparaíso?
-Algunos arquitectos son vistos como defensores del patrimonio y la arquitectura de Valparaíso, pero también se les critica por participar en proyectos que podrían estar contribuyendo a la gentrificación y la pérdida de la identidad local.
¿Qué impacto tiene la gentrificación en la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de Valparaíso y cómo se percibe esta situación por los mismos?
-La gentrificación ha afectado negativamente la vida cotidiana de los habitantes, quienes se sienten marginados y desplazados por la llegada de nuevos intereses y modas turísticas que no reflejan su realidad.
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta la comunidad de Valparaíso en términos de desarrollo sostenible y equidad en el contexto de su declaración como Patrimonio de la Humanidad?
-La comunidad enfrenta el desafío de equilibrar el desarrollo turístico con la preservación de su patrimonio y la calidad de vida de sus habitantes, buscando evitar la gentrificación y promover un turismo responsable y beneficioso para todos.
Outlines
🏘️ Gentrificación y pérdida de la identidad de Cerro Concepción
El primer párrafo aborda el tema de la gentrificación en Cerro Concepción, una comunidad que ha perdido su identidad debido a la llegada de capital y la salida de sus habitantes originales. Se discute la falta de acción estatal para proteger o congelar alquileres, y cómo la gentrificación es un mal previsible que ha ocurrido en varias ciudades chilenas. Además, se menciona el valor añadido de la restauración de casas antiguas y la creación de empleo, así como el impacto del estatus de Patrimonio de la Humanidad otorgado por UNESCO, que ha aumentado el valor turístico y la demanda de viviendas en la zona.
🏨 La gentrificación y el negocio del turismo en Valparaíso
El segundo párrafo narra la historia de tres amigos que, motivados por su pasión por la arquitectura y la restauración, deciden establecer un negocio hotelero en Valparaíso. Se describe su proceso de restauración de una casa y su experiencia vivencial durante los cambios en la zona. Se cuestiona la gentrificación y cómo el turismo ha cambiado la vida de los lugareños, creando una segregación entre la comunidad tradicional y los nuevos establecimientos como hoteles y restaurantes que no benefician a la comunidad residente. También se critica la falta de entendimiento de las políticas públicas y la imposición de modelos de desarrollo externos que no consideran la comunidad local.
🏗️ Desarrollo urbano y la pérdida de la identidad comunitaria
El tercer párrafo explora el impacto del desarrollo urbano en la identidad de Valparaíso, con un enfoque en la transformación de la zona por proyectos inmobiliarios que no se integran con la comunidad local. Se critica la visión de algunos desarrolladores que ven la ciudad únicamente como una fuente de valor y no como un lugar de vida para sus habitantes. Se menciona el caso del Magnolio Park, un proyecto emblemático que, aunque bien construido, no se ha desarrollado de manera sostenible ni ha considerado la participación de la comunidad. Se lamenta la falta de proyectos a pequeña escala que respeten y enriquezcan la vida de los lugareños.
🏛️ La preservación del patrimonio frente a la gentrificación y el desarrollo
El cuarto y último párrafo critica la actitud de algunos arquitectos y desarrolladores que, aunque se presentan como defensores del patrimonio, en realidad participan en proyectos que alteran el paisaje y la calidad de vida de la ciudad. Se destaca el conflicto entre el desarrollo inmobiliario y la protección del patrimonio, con ejemplos de edificaciones que han cambiado el carácter de las calles y la vida de los vecinos. Se argumenta que la gentrificación y el turismo no han beneficiado a la comunidad de Valparaíso como se esperaba, y se cuestiona la incapacidad de la ciudad para entender y manejar estos problemas.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Gentrificación
💡Patrimonio
💡Desplazamiento
💡Inversión
💡Restauración
💡Turismo
💡Desarrollo urbano
💡Privatización
💡Comercio
💡Innovación
💡Seguridad
Highlights
La gentrificación en Cerro Concepción y su impacto en la comunidad local.
La incapacidad del estado chileno para congelar el alquiler y proteger a los habitantes de sectores vulnerables.
La gentrificación como un proceso predecible y su inevitabilidad en el desarrollo urbano.
El fenómeno de la gentrificación en ciudades chilenas y su influencia en los barrios con inversión.
La valorización de la arquitectura y el patrimonio en Valparaíso como un factor de atracción turística.
La declaración de Valparaíso como patrimonio de la humanidad y su efecto en la gentrificación.
La venta de propiedades en Valparaíso tras su declaración como patrimonio y el auge de la gentrificación.
La transformación de casas antiguas en alojamientos turísticos y su impacto en la comunidad.
La falta de planes de desarrollo sostenible para Valparaíso y la falta de preparación para manejar el turismo.
El impacto de la gentrificación en la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de Cerro Concepción y Alegre.
La visión del estado chileno y su enfoque en resolver problemas a través de la inversión privada.
La experiencia personal del narrador en la venta de propiedades y la construcción de un negocio en Valparaíso.
La importancia de la restauración de la arquitectura histórica y su impacto en la creación de empleo.
La crítica a la gentrificación y su asociación con la llegada de restaurantes y alojamientos que afectan la vida de los vecinos.
La segregación y la distancia creada entre la comunidad tradicional de Valparaíso y los nuevos desarrolladores.
La percepción de los turistas sobre Valparaíso y cómo esto influye en el desarrollo de la ciudad.
El enfoque del desarrollo inmobiliario en la gentrificación y la falta de consideración por la comunidad local.
La crítica a la implementación de proyectos de viviendas de lujo que no se integran con la comunidad local.
La falta de una institución que entienda y aborde el problema de la gentrificación en Valparaíso.
Transcripts
What is happening here
it happened before in Cerro Concepcion
and cerro Concepcion was lost as a neighbourhood.
Gentrification means,
deep down, that the inhabitants of the sector
can't stay there because of the capital gain.
there could have been an action from the state
to protect or freeze the lease...
but in Chile to freeze money from the private sector
it's against the constitution.
Gentrification is a foreseeable evil,
we knew it would happen.
The thing about gentrification it's the eviction of
a lower class for a higher one
in a given territory
well, that happens all over the country
in almost every city, these phenomenon are happening
in those neighbourhoods that are suffering from investmments.
They look at gentrification with a bad eye and it's called this way,
and I would see it only as changing process,
in which others come and make it a business,
but this business is well done
they restore the house, which means job creation.
Many of these houses were built over a 100 years ago
and they have lost woodwork,
therefore, people have come to restore those houses
and they are forced to hire and teach,
or even learn how these materials are worked
and that is value added, because that house
is going to stand for another 50 years,
so you are keeping the heritage alive
the fact that UNESCO declared it
a heritage for humanity for being a port, What is that?
being a port from the industrial revolution.
This Heritage status was achieved
and with that we achieved to enhance its value.
What turns Valparaiso in a tourist destination
I mean, we turn it into a heritage city
to turn it into a tourist destination and say:
it no longer matters if Valparaiso is a good Port,
if it joins the internationnal transportation system.
I believe that Valparaiso, because of its
topographic, social and historic complexity,
never prepared for that moment,
of the declaring, never.
Fireworks were launched, we all hugged,
and no one knew what was coming.
I would tell you that I sold many properties
to people who wanted a space in Valparaiso.
When it was declared a heritage for humanity
there was a huge boom,
everybody wanted it.
Many of those old houses were abandoned or underused,
many of those people even
had houses that were undervalued
for a house of that type.
It was impossible to maintain a house of that size,
therefore, people tried to find smaller places
and smaller places were not that available at the time.
So the people from cerro Concepcion and Alegre were condemned
to recieve this landslide of private interests for investing there,
because it was the zone where all the tourist would come.
It has always been discussed what Valparaiso is,
a tourist town, university town or a harbour.
it's discussed by the people who visit it, not by those who dwell in it.
As cerro Concepcion and Alegre are the most visited by tourists
we keep them pretty and we make this kind of facade
as if they were themed
and there is the investment, thinking about the people who come and see them
and to "serve them well" instead of worrying about the people who live here.
The nature of the chilean State does not allow innovation,
so it was resolved the easy way
comes a wealthy man and it was resolved between private parties.
The bulk of the properties
where today you find restaurants and hotels
I was part of the selling process for a while
from people who asked for a certain type of property
destined for a hotel or a restaurant.
It all began on 2007 with an idea,
the idea to build a business
a hotel business, a place of travel
which is related to our own travel experience
accross South America from the three of us
because we are partners and friends since childhood
and without planning it, almost luckyly we came to Valparaiso.
We have been involved with restoration
and architecture since childhood
because our parents always had a shop at home
in that way we always had
that interest in construction
for building apreciation,
and also the stuff, the objects.
We found this house
also in a lucky way
and it took us three and a half years to restore it,
and therefore, in all these years we have seen
all the changes that have occurred
and we, actually, were unknowingly inserted into this
without perspective either,
none of us is a hotelier
nor we came here to make a business
we came here to build a start-up
because we are passionate about these types of buildings
mostly that, you know?
Well, of course we want it to work
and that it makes a profit
to keep developing other projects.
And we have tried to limit the worst part about gentrification
because the worst of gentrification are the restaurants,
because there are people that come to the hill
and occupy parking spaces
that limit the lives for the neighbours
and the reason why tourism comes to Valparaiso
beyond the little houses
beyond architecture and facades,
it seems to me that it is for the people
and how they live in this place.
Some come almost in a state of despair
to know this way of living
to cerro Alegre, and the way of living is not there.
A "ghetto", a territory inside the territory
in Valparaiso, but strongly marked
which has produced certain segregation
and certain distance between the traditional community
of Valparaiso and what has heppened in these hills.
Obviously tourism will come
which is a people-grinding machine
40 infringements on cerro Concepcion in the last two years
and to hear them saying because of the lofts...
I didn't know the subject,
I've heard that lofts this and that, because of artists
in New York and whatnot, but that is not a "loft"
its a matter of putting there what a loft is
in the media nowadays
and knowing that it is a huge industrial site
or commercial
transformed into a shop or a bedroom
because now there are very wealthy people who has lofts
but these "tiny apartments" are not lofts
and to hear the authorities and the people thinking
and speaking of lofts or "boutique hotels"
What is that? I mean, they are fairly destructive words.
It's funny, because it's like I see that you are missing something,
and I am going to tell you what you are missing, and with this thing
that I invented and you have to pay me for
you will be better off,
it's like telling the owner of a Hostal:
"Look ma'am, your hostal is great, but...
if you make it a boutique hotel more people would come"
so you are telling them what they are doing is wrong
"you need to do this,
take out that crochet cloth from the T.V."
We build a project on a lost step
we found on the Cirilo Armstrong staircase
where some houses were burnt
and collapsed,
and we raise a project that was...
it was funded by CORFO
and what surprised me the most is that
CORFO gives you funds to build
inside the Cerro Alegre zone or typical zone
if you want to build anywhere else
and disseminate tourism city-wide
you couldn't recieve those funds.
Therefore there was a public policy on those funds,
a territorial policy, based on CORFO criteria,
to support tourism projects.
And also we have CORFO, trying to raise
this idea of Valparaiso's Creative industries
To plant a model that was planted by others,
that hasn't been collected or built with the people
it is planted nonetheless and we are used to it
and when I say that they are taking advantage of us, that's it,
they come and say: "you are doing it all wrong...
your way of living...
your way to redefine the place
your way to culturally explain it, anyway... no.
You are doing it wrong, and you are poor,
that has no credit, therefore, we are going to make you
do it this way, which obviously,
the creative industry in Chile
has always been under the private enterprise logic.
People from the creative industries,
I can imagine they could argue:
"how not? we made lots of meetings and people give their opinions"
so, let's define what knowledge-building means
because that means to disarm your knowledge
put it in the middle
and wait for something you propose to come out.
In Valparaiso, the very citizen
sold the ruin to lure tourism
because he needed it, because it was the cart
he took from the supermaket, because there was nothing else to take,
therefore, it is logic in his own pragmatism
the citizen was smart,
merchant and frisky, and sold the ruin.
We wanted Valparaiso to increase its value
to attract some attention,
look this is valuable, it's coming down.
To reutilize an ancient structure as an apartment building
dind't work with the funds from heritage restoration
because it's very expensive to restore a building
because the buildings are very old, you know?
therefore, a new building could be the solution
to generate housing offers
but let's hope that houses combine
two things on an ever-changing market
that has people interested on a second house
with others interested, wich are those who can
come back to the city, to live in the city,
and that market is growing.
Almost everybody used the German Hospital,
we used it, it was the neighbourhood's hospital.
A long ago, Valparaiso had theatres in the neighbourhoods
pitches and hospital in the neighbourhoods,
all that has been disappearing; "the monkey dances for money"
El Magnolio condomminium, it is enough to ride on the "O" bus
to see that there are no magnolios, I mean, to see the impact...
since we are for the richmen, as said by an old lady,
we are for the richmen now,
and what we want are sailboats
with ladys walking around with umbrellas
to resemble their little investments here.
look at these people - almost all have a second house-,
these people go to the supermarket in Santiago
filled their car, and come straight to their parking lots,
and spend a weekend on these closets with ocean view,
because deep down they are not apartments, they are closets with view,
the same project is focused inwards
it has interior yards, in a way, it's a ghetto
it's not a space designed for neighbourhood participation,
it's a space for people from elsewhere
that come to breathe the air and to be indoors.
I believe that the kind projects
are the local-scaled ones, little scale.
A very emblematic project,
that is well done but badly developed
it's the Magnolio Park condominium project
I think it's well built but it's excessive
just because the guy didn't want to put himself in the zone
he took advantage of the zone, which has enormous value
to develop a project but without an interest
in the community, to insert itself in the community
I am a neighbour there, I live two block from it.
To protect the most valuable thing at the moment,
to keep the hospital as long as we could.
The building would have aproximately 900 mts
of truly heritage parts
because it had many enlargements and new parts
and only 300 mts. were kept.
It's interesting that many of the people
who work in Desco ended-up
with apartments there
and at the moment are fans of the city.
All these people are more into the
real-state developing model,
which employs the architects.
I've tried to talk with them
but you can't because
they stare at you as if you are against progress.
If these architects do this
and say: "well it's my business"
nobody could reproach them
but yet they disguise themselves as defenders of the city
I mean, they talk about making heritage buildings
about defending the heritage, right.
The case of Estanque street's building, " Vista Alegre"
a building which changed what it was before
a looking point on Estanque street into an alleyway,
an alleyway which covered the neighbour's view
and the looking point was gone forever
and then you see the guy who built that building
the architect, giving lectures about sea to Valparaiso
and to protect the view against the containers.
You find that duality.
Some people say there was a looking point there
that is not true because looking points
are cataloged in the Regulating Plan
not every street with a view is a looking point
what it was down there
was a historic dump
and I had the chance to relate to the neighbours
immediate ones and from the the other side
and not the more upturned ones
which were the most annoyed by the view.
Do you know what these architects did?
They went to talk to the neighbours council from Cerro Cordillera
to offer them a way out
apart from the Morrison alley,
through this building
and the board from cerro Cordillera, who has nothing to do
with this neighbour's unit,
approved this instance and when we all got together
to talk about this issue
comes the Cerro Cordillera's board
supporting this project
that is not even in their own territory
there was a wager there and I'm not going to say more about it
because I have to wait
that the building has a life of its own
Industralization, and they say: " We put
a lot of money and that is what it's worth"
No, I don't care about your money
you are destroying something.
The protection declaration here
is from 1972
it was stablished and respected,
what changed was the model
and the plan to make the city
that model comes with a predatory thing
interceptor of value,
obviously is going against the norm,
it can't abide the norm,
it can't, it has no other way.
Cultural properties and the heritage
contained in the city
by its architecture, by what people does
by what they have done, by its orographic qualities
tha it's simply an ornament for a business
the excessive commerce on Cerro Alegre and Concepcion
it's saturating it... yes.
The little Hotels and hostals are out of reach
for the common citizen,
and are made by foreign investors.
The thing is that he have never had
an institution which understands the problem
and it doesn't understand it because they don't live here.
The city's inability
expressed on the city hall...of
of conceiving itslef. What is it?
I think that the main problem it's
that tourism and the naming of a world heritage site
dind't generate the benefits that
the community of Valparaiso was hoping for.
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