Learning Theories 2022 | Behaviorism | Cognitivism | Constructivism |
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the core learning theories in language acquisition: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Behaviorism, influenced by Skinner, emphasizes stimulus-response associations and observable behavior changes. Cognitivism, inspired by Piaget, highlights internal mental processes and information reorganization. Constructivism focuses on individual knowledge construction through experiences, making learning unique for each person. The video promises deeper exploration of these theories and their impact on second language learning in upcoming episodes.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video discusses three major learning theories in language learning: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism.
- 🧠 Behaviorism is rooted in Skinner's operant conditioning and views learning as the acquisition of new behaviors through stimulus-response associations.
- 📈 Behaviorists see the learner as a blank slate, shaped by environmental experiences, and learning is measured by observable behavioral changes.
- 🏫 In classrooms, behaviorism is applied through rewards and punishments to shape student behaviors.
- 🤔 Cognitivism focuses on the internal thought processes behind behaviors, emphasizing the mind's role in information processing and learning.
- 🔍 Cognitivists use observable behaviors as indicators of the internal cognitive processes, with learning defined by changes in knowledge stored in memory.
- 🌟 Jean Piaget is credited for cognitive learning theories, which highlight the learner's active role in seeking understanding and processing information.
- 🌐 Constructivism posits that individuals construct their own knowledge and perspectives based on personal experiences.
- 🧩 Constructivist learning involves adjusting mental models (schemas) to accommodate new experiences, making learning unique for each individual.
- 🛠 Constructivism prepares individuals for problem-solving by building on a significant base of knowledge to interpret and create ideas.
- 🔮 The outcomes of constructivist learning are not always predictable, reflecting the diversity in how learners construct their knowledge.
Q & A
What are the three main learning theories discussed in the video script?
-The three main learning theories discussed are behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism.
Who is the key figure associated with behaviorism in the script?
-The key figure associated with behaviorism is B.F. Skinner, who introduced the concept of operant conditioning.
How does behaviorism view the learner in terms of knowledge acquisition?
-Behaviorism views the learner as a blank slate who acquires knowledge from the environment through experiences.
What is the basic concept of behaviorism in terms of learning process?
-The basic concept of behaviorism in learning is stimulus-response, where learning occurs through associations that lead to changes in behavior.
How does cognitivism differ from behaviorism in terms of learning focus?
-Cognitivism differs from behaviorism by focusing on the internal thought processes and information processing within the learner's mind, rather than just observable behaviors.
What cognitive theory is credited to John Piaget in the script?
-John Piaget is credited with the cognitive learning theory that emphasizes the active role of the learner in seeking ways to understand and process information.
What is the main premise of constructivism as discussed in the script?
-The main premise of constructivism is that individuals construct their own knowledge and perspectives of the world based on their individual experiences.
How does constructivism view the uniqueness of learning for each person?
-Constructivism views learning as unique for each person because it depends on individual experiences and perceptions, leading to different mental models and understandings.
What is the process of learning according to constructivist theorists in the script?
-According to constructivist theorists, learning is a process where individuals construct new ideas or concepts based on prior knowledge or experience, adjusting their mental models to accommodate new experiences.
Why might the outcomes of learning in constructivism not always be predictable?
-The outcomes of learning in constructivism are not always predictable because learners construct their own knowledge based on their unique schemas, leading to varied results.
What does the script suggest about the application of these theories to second language acquisition?
-The script suggests that these theories will be further explored in relation to second language acquisition in future videos, indicating the relevance of these theories to language learning.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Learning Theories in Language Acquisition
This paragraph introduces the topic of learning theories in language learning, specifically behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. The speaker plans to discuss these theories briefly and delve deeper into each in subsequent videos. Behaviorism, derived from Skinner's operant conditioning, views learning as the acquisition of new behaviors through environmental stimuli and responses. The learning process is observable through changes in behavior, which are reinforced or punished to establish automatic responses. The speaker also mentions the application of behaviorism in classrooms through rewards and punishments.
🤔 Cognitivism: The Internal Processing of Information
Cognitivism emphasizes the internal thought processes behind observable behaviors. It suggests that humans actively process information received from their environment, rather than merely responding to stimuli. The theory is associated with Jean Piaget and posits that learning occurs through internal processing, with behavior changes serving as indicators of mental activity. Unlike behaviorism, cognitivism focuses on mental processes, viewing the mind as a mirror reflecting new knowledge and skills. The learning process involves the reorganization or reconstruction of knowledge, with the learner actively seeking understanding and making connections with existing information.
🏗️ Constructivism: Building Personal Knowledge Through Experience
Constructivism is based on the idea that individuals construct their own knowledge and perspectives of the world based on personal experiences. This theory highlights individuality and the uniqueness of learning, as each person's experiences and perceptions shape their understanding. Constructivist learning involves the creation of mental models or schemas to interpret experiences and resolve conflicts between ideas. Learning is seen as a process of adjusting these mental models to accommodate new experiences, making it a dynamic and unpredictable process. The theory is used to prepare individuals for problem-solving, emphasizing the importance of a solid knowledge base for interpreting and creating ideas.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Behaviorism
💡Cognitivism
💡Constructivism
💡Operant Conditioning
💡Stimulus-Response
💡Automaticity
💡Cognitive Processes
💡Schemas
💡Language Acquisition
💡Reinforcement
💡Internal Processing
Highlights
Introduction to learning theories in language learning, including behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism.
Behaviorism is based on the work of Skinner and the concept of operant conditioning.
Behaviorists view the learner as a blank slate, acquiring knowledge from the environment.
Learning in behaviorism occurs through associations between stimuli and responses, leading to behavioral changes.
Cognitivism focuses on the thought process behind behavior and internal information processing.
Cognitive learning theorists see changes in behavior as indicators of mental processes.
Cognitivism credits John Piaget for the theory of internal processing of information.
Constructivism is based on the premise that individuals construct their own knowledge based on experiences.
Learning is unique and different for each person in constructivism due to individual experiences and perceptions.
Constructivist learning involves adjusting mental models to accommodate new experiences.
Constructivism focuses on preparing individuals to problem-solve and create their own knowledge.
Behaviorism uses stimulus-response as the basis for learning and observable behavior changes.
Cognitivism emphasizes the reorganization or reconstruction of knowledge in the learner's mind.
In constructivism, learning outcomes are not always predictable due to the individual's unique knowledge construction.
Behaviorism in classrooms involves rewarding or punishing student behaviors to reinforce desired actions.
Cognitive information processing is governed by internal processes rather than external circumstances.
Constructivist learning theory will be further explored in relation to second language acquisition in future videos.
The video promises deeper exploration of each learning theory and their implications in language learning.
Transcripts
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
so
hello everyone and welcome to another
video
um today i am going to talk about
the learning theories that exist in
language learning
of course i am speaking here about
behaviorism
cognitivism constructivism
so i am going to talk about like about
them
uh briefly and uh
in the next videos inshallah i will like
uh
go a bit deeper in each
theory or each school and of course i
will
include uh like the the the language
acquisi like acquisition and learning uh
processes when it comes
to these uh schools
so the first one of course is going to
be behaviorism
um so as we know behaviorism
stems from uh the work of
skinner and the the with his concept of
operant conditioning um uh
behaviorism theorists believe that
knowledge uh exists independently and
outside of people in their environment
um they view the learner as a
a blank state who must be like provided
with the
experience that he will take from his
environment
behaviorists also believe that
learning actually occurs when new
behaviors
or changes in behaviors are acquired
through associations
between the stimuli and the responses
thus association leads to a change in
behavior
so like this is the basic concept for
behaviorism
it's stimulus response okay
but uh when it comes to the learning
process
um the learning process is based on
objectively like observable changes
in behaviors um the the the behaviorism
theorists
like would define learning simply as
the acquisition of a new behavior or a
change in behavior
okay um the theory is that learning
begins
when a stimulus from the environment as
i said before
is presented and the learner would react
to the stimulus with some type of
response
um consequences that reinforce the
desired behavior
are arranged to follow the desired
behavior for example
you study for a test and get a good good
mark or a good grade
um the new behavioral pattern can be
repeated
so it becomes automatic so the process
of automaticity is something that is
that characterizes the the behaviorist
school
also the changing behavior
of of the learner signifies that
learning has occurred this is
how we know that learning has took place
it's when we see a change in behavior
or like the acquisition of a new
behavior
in classrooms teachers would
use behaviorism when they reward
or punish students behaviors
um i will uh like tackle
the the the behaviorism when it comes to
second language acquisition
in uh like uh and in language
acquisition in general
in other videos inshallah
the next theory that i'm going to talk
about
is or a movement is cognitivism
so cognitive information processing
uh is based on the thought process
behind the behavior okay what happens
behind the behavior the theory is based
on the idea
that humans would process information
they would receive okay rather than
merely responding to a stimuli like we
have seen
in the behaviorist or the behaviorism
movement okay so
they would process the the information
that they receive from their environment
the changes in behavior are observed
but only as an indicator to what is
going on
in the learner's head so this is the
difference between
behaviorism and cognitivism here we use
the behaviors just like as an
indicator to what like what is going on
in the learner's head
okay so it like they are secondary
but the priority is given to what is
happening
in the mind of the learner those
cognitive processes
is what matters for the the cognitivists
the the learner's mind is seen as a
mirror
from which new knowledge and skills
like will be reflected
also i would state that cognitive
information
processing is used when the learner
plays an active role in seeking ways to
understand
and process information that he
or she receives and he would like
related to what is already known and
stored
within memory these cognitive
learning theories are credited to the
well-known
john piaget when it comes to the
learning process
cognitive learning theorists like would
believe
that learning occurs through uh like
internal processing of information so we
are interested
in like what it what what's like what is
happening to
the information that is like
received by the learner unlike
behaviorism
cognitive information processing is
governed
by internal processes rather than
external circumstances as we have seen
in behaviorism okay so
the cognitive approach to learning
theory
pays more attention to what goes on
inside the learner's head
and focuses on the mental processes
rather than observable behaviors
and again the changes in behaviors
are observed are observed sorry yes but
they are just used as indicators as to
what is happening
inside the learner's uh mind
so uh the learning process
for the the cognitivist is about
the reorganization of experience
or the reconstruction of knowledge
and it is like by attaining new insights
or changing old ones thus
the learning is a change in knowledge
which is stored in memory and not just a
change in behavior
as we have seen earlier with
behaviorism the last
theory or movement that i want to talk
about is constructivism
constructivism is based on the premise
that
we all all construct our knowledge like
our
own perspective of the world
based on individual experiences
this movement like is characterized by
like aspects of individuality
and internal knowledge learning
is based on how the individual
interprets
and creates meaning of his or her
experiences
that's why uh it is like entitled
constructivism because
you construct meaning based on your
experiences okay
the knowledge is like constructed by the
learner
and since everyone has a different set
of experiences
and perceptions uh this
like entails that learning is unique
and different for each person because
again it depends on your own experiences
and your own perceptions on how you see
the world
so therefore learning is going to be
unique and different
from a person to another for the
learning process
constructivist theorists believe that
learning is a process where individuals
construct new ideas or concepts
based on prior knowledge or experience
okay each of us like generates
uh like our own mental models
what we call the schemas the schematas
um which we use to make sense of
our experiences um like we resolve
conflicts between
ideas and we would also reflect
on theoretical explanations
therefore learning is simply the process
of like adjusting our mental models
to accommodate our new uh
experiences and the word accommodate
is like the like the basic
uh the basic uh like um the
main process uh within uh
constructivism it's all about
accommodation
we adjust the the our our schematas
to to fit our new experiences
this is how we construct our or
reconstruct our knowledge um
this theory like is used to focus on
preparing people to problem solve
um like therefore to be successful the
learner needs
a significant base of knowledge
upon which to interpret and create ideas
um like in addition with constructivism
outcomes are not always predictable
because learners are constructing their
own knowledge
thus it does not work when the results
always need to be consistent
like which means that you cannot predict
results because
everyone has his own way like
of reconstructing knowledge depends on
his schematas
the schematas that he has or she has
therefore like the the results
are not going to be always consistent
you cannot um predict them
so this or these are the main
uh learning theories within uh
within like um language
um in the next videos inshallah as i
stated before
i will go deeper and i will talk about
the the these theories and their
implication when it comes to second
language acquisition and second language
learning
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