How to Read Reinforced Concrete Drawings for Beginners
Summary
TLDRThis lesson delves into reading reinforced concrete structural drawings for a residential project. The instructor emphasizes identifying load-bearing elements and understanding slab profiles from the General Arrangement plan. Key concepts include recognizing different wall types, interpreting slab steps, and analyzing reinforcement plans. The session also covers reading sections to confirm design intent, identifying integrity reinforcement for column support, and noting reinforcement details like bar placement and splicing. The instructor encourages practice by providing a PDF for further study.
Takeaways
- 🏢 The lesson focuses on understanding a residential project's reinforced concrete structural drawing, following a previous lesson on a commercial project.
- 📐 The first plan analyzed is the Level One General Arrangement plan, which is similar to the 'slab profile plan' from previous lessons, with different names but the same details.
- 🔍 Identifying loadbearing elements like columns and walls is crucial, and a legend on the drawing helps to distinguish between loadbearing and non-loadbearing walls.
- 📚 Understanding the slab outline and the depth of the concrete sections is key to interpreting the structural intent of the design.
- 📉 The use of hatches and lines in the drawing indicates different structural elements, such as loadbearing walls and slab steps.
- 🔬 Sections are essential for confirming the design intent, especially when the plan view is not clear, with examples given like Section 1.8 and Section 1.1.
- 🌿 The script mentions planter walls (PW), which are part of the structural design, likely for balconies or outdoor spaces.
- 📈 The bottom reinforcement plan is more complex with more lines, indicating the placement and spacing of reinforcement bars.
- 🔗 Integrity reinforcement is highlighted as crucial for structural stability, especially around columns to prevent progressive collapse.
- 🔄 The top reinforcement plan shows different splice locations and stepping at wet areas, indicating adaptability in reinforcement design based on structural needs.
- 🔍 Corners typically have trimmer bars, indicated by tags with the letter 'X', which are important for structural integrity at edges.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of the lesson described in the transcript?
-The primary focus of the lesson is to go through an example of a reinforced concrete structural drawing for a residential project, explaining the details and interpretation of the drawing.
What is the first step in analyzing the level one General Arrangement plan?
-The first step in analyzing the level one General Arrangement plan is to familiarize yourself with the load-bearing elements, identifying which members are supporting the slab and which members are loading the slab.
What does the legend on the top left-hand corner of the drawing page indicate?
-The legend on the top left-hand corner of the page indicates hatches that represent load-bearing columns and walls under or over, as well as non-load bearing walls.
How can you determine if a wall continues to the level above or stops under the slab?
-You can determine this by looking at the hatching on the drawing. A wall that continues to the level above is indicated by parallel lines, while a wall that stops under the slab does not have the parallel lines hatch.
What is indicated by a dashed line running along the inner face of the wall?
-The dashed line running along the inner face of the wall indicates a step in the slab, where the slab depth changes. This step is typically represented by a dashed line because it cannot be seen from above.
How is a step in the slab typically represented on a plan?
-A step in the slab is typically represented by a dashed line on the plan. This dashed line indicates a change in the slab's depth that is not visible from above.
What does section 1.1 reveal about the structural design?
-Section 1.1 reveals that there is a 230 mm thick slab with a step down to a 400 mm deep beam in between the walls. This section also shows that there are PW walls, indicating an outside balcony with a planter box.
What should be done before looking at the detailed sections of the drawing?
-Before looking at the detailed sections of the drawing, you should first try to understand the plan and roughly draw the section yourself. Then, you can compare your drawing to the section detail to confirm your understanding.
What is the purpose of the 'Integrity reinforcement' mentioned in the lesson?
-The purpose of the 'Integrity reinforcement' is to prevent progressive collapse. These reinforcement bars are extra bottom bars placed in specific locations, such as under columns, to ensure structural integrity.
How should the top reinforcement at the edge of the slab be installed?
-The top reinforcement at the edge of the slab should be cogged, meaning that the bars are bent down at the edges to provide additional structural support and to ensure that the reinforcement is anchored properly.
Outlines
🏗️ Structural Drawing Analysis: Residential Project
This paragraph introduces a lesson on reinforced concrete structural drawings, focusing on a residential project. The instructor emphasizes the importance of identifying loadbearing elements such as columns and walls from the General Arrangement plan. A legend is used to distinguish between loadbearing and non-loadbearing walls. The slab outline and depth variations are explained, including a 400 MM deep section and a 230 MM deep section, with steps indicated by dashed lines. The lesson encourages cross-referencing with section drawings for clarity.
📐 Understanding Slab Steps and Reinforcement
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of slab steps and reinforcement in structural drawings. It explains how to interpret the slab's thickness changes and the presence of planter walls (PW). The instructor guides the learner through understanding the reinforcement plans, including the sequence of bar placement and the importance of integrity reinforcement for columns. The paragraph also covers how to identify and interpret the bottom reinforcement layout, including the use of closed ties and the stepping of reinforcement at slab steps.
🔍 Reinforcement Plan Details and Inspection Tips
The final paragraph provides a detailed look at the top reinforcement plan, highlighting the differences in splice locations compared to the bottom reinforcement. It discusses the importance of reinforcement stepping down in wet areas, such as bathrooms, and the necessity of cogged reinforcement at slab edges. The paragraph also mentions extra bars for negative bending moments at supports and the presence of trimmer bars at corners. The instructor advises learners to download the PDF for further study and to apply the knowledge during structural inspections.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Reinforced Concrete Structural Drawing
💡Loadbearing Elements
💡Slab Profile Plan
💡Legend
💡Section View
💡Reinforcement Plan
💡Suit Step
💡Integrity Reinforcement
💡Splice
💡Trimmer Bars
Highlights
Introduction to the lesson focusing on a reinforced concrete structural drawing for a residential project.
Explanation of the importance of identifying loadbearing elements in the General Arrangement plan.
Discussion on how to interpret hatches and dashed lines indicating loadbearing columns, walls, and slab outlines.
Clarification on reading the slab profile plan, emphasizing the difference between loadbearing walls under and walls over the slab.
Introduction to the concept of a slab step and how it is represented by a dashed line in the drawing.
Detailed walkthrough of Section 1.8 to confirm the interpretation of slab thickness and step details.
Analysis of Section 1.1, explaining the identification of steps and slab transitions in the structural drawing.
Insight into interpreting the dashed lines and solid lines for understanding slab steps and actual steps on the top surface.
Explanation of the planter wall (PW) and its representation in the drawing, particularly in Section 1.1.
Overview of the reinforcement plan, focusing on the bottom reinforcement with N12 bars at 250 centers.
Introduction to Integrity Reinforcement and its role in preventing Progressive Collapse, as discussed in the previous lesson.
Explanation of the significance of reinforcement bars, including N16 and N20 bars, and how they are depicted in the drawing.
Walkthrough of Section 1.5 to understand the detailed reinforcement layout and the role of side face bars and closed legs.
Discussion on the top reinforcement plan, highlighting the differences in splice locations compared to the bottom reinforcement plan.
Explanation of the need for cogs at the ends of the reinforcement, particularly along the edges of the slab.
Transcripts
welcome to this next lesson where we
will go through an example of a
reinforced concrete structural drawing
the first example that we investigated
was a commercial project and now we will
look into a residential project I'll try
to make this lesson brief and I'm not
going to repeat myself because the
previous lesson was pretty pretty long
so you can always go back to the
previous lesson and rewatch it so the
first plan we will look into is the
level one General Arrangement
plan in the previous drawings we called
it slab profile plan they're just
different names but they convey the same
details first thing I would familiarize
myself with in the drawing is the
loadbearing elements you should be able
to identify what members are supporting
this lab and what members are loading
this lab there's a legend on the top
left hand corner of the page where you
can see the hatches that indicates
loadbearing columns and walls under or
over or non-load bearing walls and if
you're in doubt as I emphasized in the
previous lessons you can always have the
drawings aligned and move the page up
and down so you can identify columns and
walls below above and
continuous let's start from this upper
corner this hatch indicates load bearing
walls under and the parallel lines hatch
indicates wall over so this this wall
comes from the level below and continue
to the level above this wall stops under
this laab and I can tell that because it
doesn't have the parallel lines
hatch the solid thick line around the
perimeter is the slab outline and
there's a dashed Line running along the
inner face of the wall and it turns down
this way and between this slab outline
and the dashed line we have a section of
concrete 400 MM deep and on the inside
is it is 230 mm deep I'm sort of getting
the gist of the intent of the designer
but I'm still not 100% of what's
Happening Here okay so to be 100% sure
of what's Happening I'll look at the
sections provided so let's go to section
1.8 okay now it's very clear the intent
of the design we have a 230 thick slab
that steps down to a 400 MM bin in
between the walls remember last lesson I
told you that a step on the slab suit is
represented by a dashed line there we go
you have the suit line here and it steps
down at the inner face of the wall and
that's why you have a dashed Line
running along the face of the wall on
the pl so that makes sense this dash
line here that's the suit step to the
beam in in between the walls let's
understand what's going on at section
1.1 there's a 230 slab then there's the
dashed line which means there's a step
of the slab of fet and following that
there's a solid line with a step tag you
got a step here a step here which
indicates an actual step on the top
surface of the laab the dashed line is
dashed because if you stand on top of
the floor you can't see the suit step
and then there are two PW walls it looks
like to me that this is an outside
balcony with a planter box so PW is a
planter wall let's zoom into section 1.1
and see if we got it right okay so it
looks like exactly how we read the plan
there's a 230 slab then there's a step
on the suit which we cannot see from
above that's why it's represented by
dash line following that there is an
actual step and then the planter box
walls PW that's basically how we're
going to read these drawings okay let's
go through a couple of sections and then
we jump to the reinforcement plans let's
go to the other side on grade six and
seven section 1.7 shows me that there is
a 230 laab then there is a wall under
supporting this laab and also there is a
sop step because I can see a dash line
running along the inner face of the wall
it doesn't show any step tag so I'm
assuming there's no actual step on the
floor we simply increasing the thickness
of the laab from 2030 to 400 MM and
along the edge there is a 300 mm deep
Hub so let's go to section 1.7 and
confirm that let's zoom in on section
1.7 yep so 230 here the laab ofit steps
down at the load bearing wall and then
the slab increases to 400 MM and then
along the edge there is a 300 mm hob or
you can say a recess of 100
mm so that's basically what you're going
to do for this whole plan you can
download this PDF I'll leave the and
I'll leave the remaining sections as a
homework for you try to look at the plan
first and roughly draw the section
before you go to the section detail and
then you confirm what you have drawn the
next drawing is the bottom reinforcement
plan you can tell that this drawing has
way more lines than the previous one
which might make the reading slightly
more difficult but the principles will
not change there is a direction of bar
line which is the thicker line and the
extent line exactly like we saw in the
previous drawings let's go through an
example here this middle portion of the
laab has any 12s at 250 centers and this
direction in the bottom will be the
first to be placed because you have the
number one after the spacing and that
represents the lane sequence so you have
bars all the way up here so if I had to
draw you would have
bars like this space this way
250 and then when it gets to this line
they increase to spend between
walls so let's extend this bar goes all
the
way and that happens to the other side
as well you have
bars let's copy
this I supposed to
copy all the
way up here
and then when it gets to this side it
extends the B go all the way over the
walls and that's pretty much how you
will see on
site there is one n16 1.3 M long extra
bar with a hook and remember the
Integrity reinforcement that we
discussed in the previous lesson so we
have a column under and if you have a
column you might need those extra bottom
bars to prevent Progressive collapse and
these reinforcement bars are called
Integrity
reinforcement we have two N20 bottom
bars there's a letter a tag that tag
indicates n12 closed leags at 250
centers if we go to the section we can
understand better what's happening so
that is section
1.5 if we go to section 1.5 there is a 1
M deep Bane with two
N20 bars at the bottom and then you have
n12 at 200 side face bars and the closed
leags go up to the top reinforcement
this dash line is the suit step and as
we've seen before in the laab
arrangement plan if we are stepping the
bottom surface of this lab we also have
to step the bottom reinforcement so we
looking at reinforcement on this
direction
now they are any2 at 250 centers and
this is the second layer of
reinforcement the drafter plac the tags
outside the slab out line so that it
doesn't get too messy but you can see
you can see here the intersection point
between the extent line and and the
reinforcement line let's have a look at
the section to understand this better so
this is section this is section 1.4 so
if we zoom in at section
1.4 so the bottom reinforcement extends
past the suffit
step so let's go back there see what's
happening so you've got the bottom
reinforcement that goes past the suet
the the suet line okay that looks right
and the bottom rear of the balcony cogs
up and it's tied to the top
reinforcement so let's see if there's
anything else here so there's 5 n16 at
250 centers extra bars in this direction
so when you're doing your structure
inspection you should also be able to
see the 5 n16 extra boss somewhere
around
here okay let's go back back to the
plans typically at Corners you will have
trimmer bars and that's what those tags
with the letter X
indicate now let's move to level one top
reinforcement plan okay the first thing
I notice is that the splies are at
different locations from the bottom
reinforcement plan which makes sense due
to the peak bending moment so the in the
top reinforcement plan we have the spli
close to the to the middle span in
between walls and then if we go to the
bottom reinforcement you don't have a
splice here in the middle that's
something important for you to notice
you're also going to see the top
reinforcement stepping at the wet area
set down so this areas where the
reinforcement steps down they're
probably bathrooms so you have a recess
you have a a set down and that's the
reason you have to crank the
reinforcement down another detail that I
can see on this plan as well is that the
reinforcement should be cogged at the
ends so if you look at the edge of the
laab the reinforcement is always cogged
so you got a cog in all the edge you've
got a cog here you've got a cog down on
the edge here cogs down it cogs down it
cogs down so also Ure when you do your
inspection the reinforcement at the edge
of the slab is cogged that one M deep B
that we saw before now we can see the
top reinforcement which is 2 and 16 so
if we go to the
section those two bars here should be
n6s we saw in the bottom reinforcement
plan that we have two N20 bars now on
the top reinforcement plans we saw that
we we need to have two n6s at the top
what else can we tell we have some extra
n2s stepping up outside to the balcony
and they are 2.5 M long on the left hand
side some n12 extras at 500 centers
they're 2.5 M long as well and they're
running on top of the supports which
makes sense because you have a peck
negative bending moment at the supports
therefore you might need some extra bars
and what else and on the very end to the
right there are nine n2s at 200 100
centers extra bars 4 M long so that's
basically it fellas you can tell that
these drawings have much more
information for you to absorb this PDF
will be available for you so go through
the drawings yourself and if you have
any questions just comment below I'll
see you in the next lesson
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