Curso completo de Raciocínio Lógico para Concursos Públicos 2019, Prof. Pedro Evaristo, Aula 03

Mari Concursos

27 Jun 201310:37

Summary

TLDRThis video script explores the concept of logical reasoning through three distinct cases: ordering, deduction, and hypothesis. The presenter uses scenarios involving shirt arrangement, friend's ages, and a crime mystery to illustrate how to deduce information and solve problems logically. The script emphasizes the importance of understanding and applying logical reasoning in various situations, making it an engaging and informative watch for viewers interested in critical thinking.

Takeaways

😀 The script is a transcript of a web seminar discussing the importance of logical reasoning in various contexts.
🔍 It introduces three different cases to illustrate logical thinking: ordering, deduction, and hypothesis.
👔 The first case, 'ordering', uses an example of sorting shirts to explain the concept of sequence and order.
🧩 The second case, 'deduction', involves giving clues to determine the age and profession of friends, highlighting the process of logical elimination.
🕵️‍♂️ The third case, 'hypothesis', is likened to a crime scene where suspects give statements, and the truth must be deduced from their claims.
📚 The transcript provides examples to demonstrate how to logically arrange information, such as the ages of individuals or the order of people in a line.
🏢 An example of arranging people by their residence floors is given, showing a step-by-step logical deduction process.
👥 The script also presents a scenario of people sitting around a table, using given clues to deduce their positions and identities.
🗣️ Communication and understanding of statements are emphasized as crucial for solving the logical puzzles presented.
📈 The importance of logical reasoning is underscored for organizers and problem solvers in various professional fields.
📅 The transcript ends with a note about continuing the discussion in the next session, indicating an ongoing educational series.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the web seminar?
-The main topic of the web seminar is about logical reasoning and problem-solving techniques, specifically focusing on ordering, deduction, and hypothesis scenarios.
What are the three types of cases discussed in the seminar?
-The three types of cases discussed are ordering (ordenação), deduction (dedução), and hypothesis (hipótese).
Can you explain the 'Pedro de Ordenação' scenario with the shirts?
-In the 'Pedro de Ordenação' scenario, the task is to order a stack of shirts where a white shirt must be placed between a red and a blue one, with the blue shirt not on top. The conclusion is that the white shirt goes in the middle, the red shirt at the bottom, and the blue shirt on top.
What is the purpose of the deduction case in the seminar?
-The purpose of the deduction case is to illustrate how to use given clues to logically determine the age and profession of three friends based on the information that each of them is a different age and has a different profession.
How does the hypothesis case differ from the other cases?
-The hypothesis case involves a crime scenario with four suspects, where each gives a statement. The goal is to determine who is guilty and who is telling the truth by forming and testing hypotheses.
What is the example given to explain the ordering of people's ages?
-The example given is about Alice, Bruno, and Carol, where Alice is older than Bruno, Bruno is older than Carol, but Carol is not the oldest. The correct chronological order is determined to be Alice as the oldest, then Bruno, and Carol as the youngest.
How is the apartment building scenario used to demonstrate logical deduction?
-The apartment building scenario involves determining on which floor each person lives based on clues about who lives above or below whom. It uses logical deduction to place each person on a specific floor of a four-story building.
What is the scenario involving people sitting around a square table?
-The scenario involves four people sitting around a square table, each from a different Brazilian state. The task is to deduce where each person is sitting based on clues about their relative positions and which state they are from.
How does the seminar use the concept of 'above' and 'below' in the apartment scenario?
-The seminar uses the concept of 'above' and 'below' to establish the relative positions of the people in the apartment building. It clarifies that 'above' means any floor above, while 'exactly above' means the immediate floor above.
What is the final message conveyed in the seminar?
-The final message is to encourage participants to apply these logical reasoning techniques in their daily lives and to look forward to the next session for further learning.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introduction to Problem-Solving Techniques

The speaker begins by welcoming the audience to a webinar, highlighting the interesting topic of problem-solving and investigation. The session is divided into three distinct cases to illustrate different approaches: a sorting case, a deduction case, and a hypothesis case. The first case involves arranging a stack of shirts in a specific order, demonstrating a straightforward sorting problem. The second case is about deducing information based on given clues, such as the ages and professions of three friends. The third case involves a crime scenario with four suspects, where the goal is to determine the guilty party through hypothesis and logical deduction. The speaker also provides an example of chronological ordering involving three individuals named Alice, Bruno, and Carol.

05:00

🏠 Apartment and Seating Arrangement Puzzles

This paragraph presents two puzzles involving the arrangement of people in different contexts. The first puzzle concerns the arrangement of people in an apartment building, where each person's floor of residence is given along with clues about who lives above or below whom. The second puzzle involves seating four individuals at a square table, with clues about their positions relative to each other. The speaker uses these puzzles to demonstrate the process of logical deduction, leading to the determination of who sits where and who lives on which floor, based on the provided information.

10:01

🔍 Deductive Reasoning in Social Contexts

The speaker concludes the session by summarizing the deductive reasoning process used in the previous puzzles. They emphasize the importance of organizing information and using it effectively to solve problems. The paragraph also hints at the repetitive nature of such problems and their commonality in various real-life situations. The speaker looks forward to the next session, encouraging success and leaving the audience with a sense of anticipation for further exploration of these problem-solving techniques.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Investigations

Investigations in this context refer to the process of examining and analyzing information to solve a problem or answer a question. It is central to the video's theme, as it discusses different types of problem-solving scenarios. For example, the script talks about 'casos de investigações' which translates to 'investigation cases', indicating the core subject of the video.

💡Ordering

Ordering is the act of arranging items or events in a specific sequence. In the video, it is used to describe a scenario where items (e.g., shirts of different colors) need to be placed in a particular order. The script mentions 'caso de ordenação', illustrating a problem where the shirts must be arranged according to certain conditions.

💡Deduction

Deduction is a logical process of reasoning from one or more statements of assumed fact to reach a conclusion. The video uses deduction in the context of solving a problem by providing clues and eliminating possibilities. The script refers to 'caso de dedução', where the process involves giving hints to determine someone's age or profession.

💡Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, made as a starting point for further investigation. The video discusses the use of hypotheses to solve a mystery, such as identifying a criminal among several suspects. The script mentions 'caso que leva à hipótese', which involves using hypotheses to uncover the truth.

💡Chronological Order

Chronological order is the arrangement of events or items in the order in which they occurred or were created. The video script uses this concept to solve a problem involving the ages of individuals, where it is necessary to determine who is the oldest and who is the youngest, as in 'coloca em ordem cronológica'.

💡Clues

Clues are pieces of evidence or information that help in solving a problem or mystery. The video emphasizes the importance of clues in the deduction process, as seen in the script where it discusses giving 'pistas' to solve who has a certain age or profession.

💡Logic Puzzles

Logic puzzles are problems that require logical thinking to solve. The video's content revolves around logic puzzles, presenting different scenarios that require analytical thinking to arrive at a solution. The script discusses various 'casos' that are essentially logic puzzles to be solved.

💡Truth

Truth, in the context of the video, refers to the accurate or valid information that helps in solving a problem. The script mentions a scenario where suspects give statements, and through logical analysis, one must determine who is telling the truth, as in 'quem fala verdade'.

💡Statements

Statements are formal expressions of facts or beliefs. In the video, statements are given by suspects in a hypothetical crime scenario, and these statements are analyzed to determine the truth. The script refers to each suspect giving a 'declaração', which is a statement of their innocence or guilt.

💡Solving

Solving refers to the act of finding a solution or answer to a problem. The video's main theme involves solving different types of logic puzzles and problems, as indicated by the script's discussion of various 'casos' that need to be solved.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of logical puzzles and reasoning exercises.

Division of the discussion into three cases: ordering, deduction, and hypothesis.

Explanation of the first case, ordering, with an example involving organizing shirts of different colors.

The second case involves deduction, where participants must use given clues to determine ages and professions.

The third case is about hypothesis, where one must listen to statements and deduce the truth to find a culprit.

An example of ordering with the ages of Alice, Bruna, and Carol to determine who is the oldest and youngest.

A scenario involving the placement of people in a building with clues about who lives on which floor.

The importance of understanding the difference between 'above' and 'immediately above' in the context of the puzzles.

A seating arrangement puzzle involving four people from different regions of Brazil.

Use of a table to visually organize the seating arrangement and deduce the positions of each person.

The process of elimination to solve the puzzle, starting with the most definitive clues.

The significance of the regional origin of each person in solving the seating arrangement puzzle.

How to logically deduce who is sitting next to whom based on the given clues.

The final deduction of the seating arrangement, identifying the regional origin of each person.

The conclusion of the presentation with an invitation to the next class and well-wishes for success.