The History of Yugoslavia, Part 1: Origins and Growth
Summary
TLDRThe video chronicles the turbulent history of the Balkan region and Yugoslavia from 1914-1980, beginning with rising nationalism and geopolitical tensions leading to WWI and the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. It covers Yugoslavia in WWII, the socialist Yugoslav republic established under Josip Broz Tito after the war, Tito's split with Stalin, and the relative stability and prosperity of socialist Yugoslavia until Tito's death in 1980, after which the economy and unity of the southern Slavic peoples began to unravel.
Takeaways
- 😳 Rising nationalism and secret alliances threatened stability of European empires in 1914, especially Austria-Hungary due to South Slavic nationalism
- 😱 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered start of WWI in July 1914
- 😠 Austria-Hungary failed 3 times to invade Serbia in 1914 despite having larger army
- 👍 With help of allies, Serbia and Montenegro liberated from Central Powers occupation by November 1918
- 🎉 State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs declared sovereignty and joined Serbia to form Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918
- 😨 During WWII occupation, Croatia was German puppet state led by fascist Ustaše movement
- 😡 Communist resistance movements gained strength during WWII occupation
- 🤝 After liberation, Yugoslavia formed as socialist republic led by Josip Broz Tito
- 🙂 Tito kept peace between ethnic groups and distanced Yugoslavia from Soviet Union
- 😢 After Tito's death in 1980, Yugoslavia's economy and unity collapsed, leading to civil war
Q & A
What event triggered the start of World War I?
-The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Bosnian Serb nationalists on June 28, 1914.
Why did Austria-Hungary have trouble invading Serbia in 1914?
-Despite having much smaller armies, Serbia and Montenegro were able to successfully repel Austria-Hungary's invasion attempts three times in 1914.
What territories did Bulgaria annex from Serbia during WWI?
-Bulgaria briefly annexed around two-thirds of Serbian territory during WWI.
How was Yugoslavia formed after WWI?
-The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs joined with Montenegro, Serbia, and the region of Banat to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later renamed Yugoslavia in 1929.
Who was the first king of Yugoslavia?
-Peter I, who was previously the King of Serbia, became the first King of Yugoslavia.
What led to Germany invading Yugoslavia in 1941?
-After Prince Regent Paul signed Yugoslavia to the Axis powers, a pro-British coup overthrew him. Germany invaded 10 days later.
What was unique about Josip Broz Tito's rule of communist Yugoslavia?
-Tito broke from Soviet domination and implemented market socialist elements in Yugoslavia's economy, rather than following a strictly socialist model.
Why did Tito want to integrate Albania into Yugoslavia?
-Not for ethnic reasons, but because of Albania's geopolitical importance as an ally of the Soviet Union that could be used for leverage against Yugoslavia.
How did Tito help unify Yugoslavia?
-By creating a common Yugoslav identity and keeping the peace between various South Slavic groups in the country.
What led to the collapse of Yugoslavia after Tito's death?
-The deteriorating economy and weakening of the framework that had kept the country united caused calls for individual ethnic groups to form their own nations.
Outlines
😦 The Balkans Before WWI and How It Led to Conflict
This paragraph provides background on the Balkan region in 1914, describing growing nationalism and tensions, especially amongst Slavic groups under Austria-Hungary's rule. It highlights Serbian nationalism and resentment towards Austria-Hungary. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand is noted as the spark that began WWI. The paragraph then details Austria-Hungary's failed attempts to invade Serbia in 1914 despite having a larger army.
😌 Yugoslavia Formed from WWI's Aftermath and Tito's Unique Leadership
This paragraph jumps ahead to the end of WWI, explaining how the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed from the formerly Austrian-controlled southern Slavic territories as well as Serbia and Montenegro. It then summarizes key events and figures in the kingdom's early history up through WWII. After liberation, Yugoslavia is proclaimed a socialist republic under Josip Broz Tito, who worked to unify Yugoslavia's ethnic groups. Tito also took a independent path from the Soviet communist model.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Yugoslavia
💡South Slavs
💡Tito
💡World War 1
💡World War 2
💡Socialist Republics
💡Non-Aligned Movement
💡Civil War
💡Independence
💡Balkans
Highlights
In 1914 Europe was in turmoil, with imperialism, nationalism, and secret alliances threatening empires.
Rising South Slavic nationalism in Austria-Hungary pushed the empire to the brink of collapse.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ignited World War I, which began officially on July 28, 1914.
Despite having smaller armies, the Slavic nations successfully repelled Austria-Hungary's invasion attempts.
The Central Powers eventually overpowered Serbia and Montenegro with Germany's help.
On October 29, 1918, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs declared sovereignty.
In 1929 the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes became Yugoslavia, ruled by King Peter I.
After a coup in 1941, Yugoslavia quickly fell to Axis control under German occupation.
Communist movements gained steam during WWII occupation.
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia formed in 1945 led by Josip Broz Tito.
Tito resisted Soviet hegemony and implemented market socialism.
Tito was widely popular for unifying South Slavs and maintaining peace.
After Tito's death in 1980, Yugoslavia's economy and unity collapsed.
Many wished to build their own independent nations after Tito.
The next video will cover the fall of Yugoslavia, the civil war, and aftermath.
Transcripts
in 1914 europe was in turmoil
imperialism nationalism and the creation
of secret alliances threatened the
framework that kept many of europe's
empires together
a group particularly divided by the
empires of europe were the slavs
with russia bulgaria serbia and
montenegro being the only independent
slavic states in 1914.
one empire in particular that was on the
brink of collapse was austria-hungary
due in part to the south slavic
nationalism rising in their borders
the south slavs wish to have their own
independent states
and the serbs of austria-hungary aspired
to reunite with the rest of serbia
however all of this nationalism in
nation building would have been nothing
if it weren't for a certain gavrilo
principe on the 28th of june 1914 the
bosnian serb nationalists assassinated
the heir to the austro-hungarian throne
archduke franz ferdinand after a
months-long turmoil
the war which would become known as the
first world war officially began on july
28th of the same year
further documenting the incompetence of
austria-hungary at this time
the empire tried to invade serbia three
times in 1914
but were repelled successfully by the
serbs and the montenegrins each time
despite the slavic nations having much
smaller armies
despite this the central powers were
ultimately successful
in overpowering serbia and montenegro
with the invasion being commanded by
germany
with the help of bulgaria as well
bulgaria briefly annexed around
two-thirds of the serbian territory
and the rest of the country along with
montenegro were under austrian
administration
the war would eventually turn for the
allies and by 1918
with the help of french and greek forces
serbia and montenegro and albania
were liberated from the central powers
by the 11th of november 1918
all of the central powers had
surrendered and the victorious allies
met to determine the fate of the central
powers
however we will not look at these
treaties just a few days before the end
of the war
on october 29th the state of slovenes
croats and serbs declared sovereignty
they along with montenegro and the
region of benat
in modern-day voy vodna joined serbia to
create the kingdom of slovene's croats
and serbs
which in 1929 officially became renamed
the kingdom of yugoslavia the first king
of yugoslavia was peter the first
who was previously king of serbia after
his death in 1921
the kingdom was ruled by alexander the
first who was previously the prince
regent of yugoslavia
his reign was cut short in 1934 during a
diplomatic visit to france
where he was assassinated by the
bulgarian vlado chennozimski
who advocated for the independence of
the people who were living in the vardar
province of yugoslavia
though peter ii alexander's eldest son
was in position to become the next king
he was only 11 at the time of his
father's assassination
so his cousin prince paul became prince
regents of the country until 1941.
another major conflict was brewing in
europe around this time
world war ii by march 1941
hitler's armies had already ran through
poland denmark norway
the low countries and france and italy
was
unsuccessfully waging war against greece
from albania
neighbors hungary romania and bulgaria
had already joined the axis powers
prince regent paul was under immense
pressure from his neighbors to sign
yugoslavia to the axis powers as well
so that's what he did however on march
27th
a pro-british coup d'etat overthrew paul
and peter ii was declared of age
and became the king ten days later
yugoslavia was invaded
and the country quickly fell to axis
control
within the occupation croatia became a
fascist puppet state to germany
led by the ustashe montenegro became an
italian puppet
and much of yugoslavia's borderlands
were ceded to its neighbors
serbia remained as a german puppet the
occupation was wracked by war crimes
which truly deserve a video of their own
due to their miserably large scale
however the yugoslavs proved to be
effective partisans before
and during the allied liberation of the
country as the axis received stiff
resistance from them during the
occupation
communist movements had gained steam
during the occupation also
and after yugoslavia was liberated the
monarchy was abolished
with peter ii being deposed and moving
to the united states
a socialist republic replaced the
kingdom and was initially led by none
other than joseph
rosito on the 29th of november 1945
the socialist federal republic of
yugoslavia was proclaimed
with six socialist republics forming the
federation slovenia
croatia bosnia serbia montenegro
and macedonia within the serbian
republic there were also two autonomous
regions
kosovo and voivoda yosi prostito
worked to create a common yugoslav
identity himself being of both croat and
slovene ancestry
despite being president of the league of
communists in yugoslavia
he stood up to stalin in the soviet
union's hegemony in the communist world
and he broke off ties with other
communist states
his economic policy was also different
from that of other eastern bloc states
as he implemented elements of market
socialism into the economy
rather than being a strictly socialist
state
though he also hoped to integrate
albania into yugoslavia
not because it was south slavic but
because of its geopolitical importance
it was a warsaw pact member allied with
the soviet union
who could use yugoslavia's neighbors
like bulgaria for leverage against
yugoslav ambitions
therefore it was never integrated tito
was widely popular within his country
and across both cold war camps even in
the soviet union after stalin's death
he was seen as a man who unified all the
south slavs except bulgaria
into one state and kept peace between
them
tito also led the non-aligned movement
an organization whose members sought to
distance themselves from both the united
states and the soviet union and their
allies
he would ultimately pass on though dying
in slovenia on the 4th of may 1980 at
the age of 87
many in the country mourned his death
after this yugoslavia's economy
and the framework that kept the people
united began to collapse
and many in the country wish to build
their own nations
but this video is beginning to get
pretty long especially in comparison to
what you guys are used to seeing on my
channel
so i have decided to make this history
of yugoslavia a two-part series
in next week's video i will look at the
fall of yugoslavia
the civil war that came after and where
the former yugoslav states are today
thank you all for watching be sure to
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sure to look out for that in the coming
weeks
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reaching the huge milestone of 1000
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content is greatly appreciated
thanks again and i'll see you next time
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