SEJARAH BERDIRINYA VOC
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the historical establishment of the Dutch East India Company, known as the VOC, which once dominated trade in the Indonesian archipelago. It discusses the company's formation in 1602 through the merger of six Dutch trading companies, aiming to monopolize the lucrative spice trade in Asia. The VOC was granted extraordinary privileges by the Dutch government, functioning almost as a state within a state, with its own army, currency, and the power to levy taxes and conduct diplomacy. This enabled the company to amass immense wealth, equivalent to hundreds of quadrillions of rupiahs in today's terms, and maintain its influence for nearly two centuries.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was a powerful trading company that once colonized various regions in Indonesia.
- 🌍 The term 'compagnie' or 'compeni', often heard today, originates from the Dutch traders who were called 'Compagnie' during the colonial era.
- 🚢 The Dutch voyages to the East Indies in 1596 opened up new trade routes, leading to an influx of valuable spices to the Netherlands.
- 🤝 The VOC was established on March 20, 1602, as a merger of six smaller Dutch trading companies to consolidate power and counter competition from other European traders.
- 💡 The primary goal of the VOC was to monopolize the spice trade in Asia, as spices were extremely valuable commodities at the time.
- 💼 The VOC implemented a shareholding system, allowing anyone to own shares and even employees to be shareholders, with the largest shareholder being a Belgian investor.
- 👥 The 'Heeren XVII', a council of 17 members from six Dutch provinces, was the governing body of the VOC, controlling operations from Amsterdam.
- 👑 The VOC was granted special rights by the Dutch government, effectively acting as an extension of Dutch governance in Asia, including the power to wage war, mint money, and negotiate treaties.
- 💰 The VOC was extremely profitable, generating revenues in the millions of guilders, which would be equivalent to hundreds of quadrillions of rupiah today.
- 📜 Communication with VOC's Asian operations was challenging due to the lack of modern technology, relying on letters and sea routes.
- 🌐 The VOC's influence was so significant that it was considered a 'state within a state', despite being a trading company.
Q & A
What is the historical significance of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Indonesia?
-The Dutch East India Company (VOC) played a significant role in the history of Indonesia as it was a major trading company that colonized various regions of Indonesia and had a monopoly on the spice trade in Asia.
What does 'VOC' stand for in the context of the script?
-In the script, 'VOC' stands for 'Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie', which translates to the 'United East India Company' in English.
How did the VOC's establishment come about?
-The VOC was established as a result of negotiations and the influence of Prince Maurits, who brought together six competing Dutch trading companies to form a single entity to consolidate power and counter external threats from other European powers.
What were the main objectives of the VOC's formation?
-The main objectives of the VOC's formation were to monopolize the spice trade in Asia, gain financial independence from Spain, and strengthen the Dutch position in Asia against other European traders.
Why were spices so valuable during the VOC's time?
-Spices were extremely valuable during the VOC's time because they were considered high-value goods, even more so than gold, and were essential for the Dutch economy.
What was the role of the 'Heeren XVII' in the VOC?
-The 'Heeren XVII', or the Council of Seventeen, was the highest governing body of the VOC, consisting of 17 members from six Dutch provinces, and they were responsible for controlling the company's operations in Asia from Amsterdam.
How did the VOC's governance structure facilitate its operations?
-The VOC's governance structure, with the Heeren XVII in Amsterdam and the appointment of a Governor-General in Asia, allowed for effective control and management of the company's vast operations despite the long distances and communication challenges of the time.
What were the special privileges granted to the VOC by the Dutch government?
-The Dutch government granted the VOC special privileges, including the right to monopolize trade, maintain its own army, issue currency, levy taxes, administer justice, negotiate with local rulers, and even declare war.
How did the VOC's status as a 'state within a state' affect its operations?
-Being a 'state within a state', the VOC had the authority similar to a nation, which allowed it to exert significant control over the regions it operated in, despite being a trading company.
What was the VOC's economic impact during its operation?
-The VOC had a substantial economic impact, generating immense profits, which, if converted to the current Indonesian currency, would equate to hundreds of quadrillions of rupiah.
What was the significance of the Governor-General's role in the VOC?
-The Governor-General was the highest leader in the colonial territories, appointed to oversee the VOC's operations in Asia, which helped to manage the company more effectively due to the long distances from Amsterdam.
Outlines
🏛 The Establishment of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
This paragraph delves into the historical background of the Dutch East India Company, known as VOC. It discusses the initial Dutch voyages to the East Indies in 1596 that opened up trade routes and the subsequent establishment of the VOC in 1602 as a merger of six competing Dutch trading companies. The paragraph highlights the VOC's primary objectives, including the monopolization of the spice trade in Asia, which was highly valuable at the time, and the unification of Dutch traders to strengthen their position against European competitors such as the English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French. It also touches on the VOC's strategy to dominate local kingdoms in Indonesia that posed difficulties for Dutch traders.
🌍 The VOC's Corporate Structure and Privileges
The second paragraph focuses on the corporate structure of the VOC, detailing its multinational status and the role of the 'Heeren XVII,' a council comprising 17 members from six Dutch provinces, with the majority from Amsterdam. It explains the decision to appoint a 'Governor-General' in 1610 to oversee VOC operations in the East Indies due to the challenges of managing the company from Amsterdam. The paragraph also outlines the special privileges granted to the VOC by the Dutch government, effectively making it a 'state within a state' with the power to monopolize trade, maintain its own army, issue currency, levy taxes, administer justice, and negotiate treaties. These privileges enabled the VOC to become a superpower in Asia, amassing wealth equivalent to hundreds of quadrillions of rupiah in today's terms.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡VOC
💡Colonization
💡Spice Trade
💡Dutch East India Company
💡Nusantara
💡Pelayaran
💡Perwakilan Pemerintah
💡Gubernur Jenderal
💡Heren XVII
💡Oktroi
💡Multinasional
Highlights
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was a trading company that had once colonized various regions of Indonesia.
VOC was established in 1602 as a merger of six smaller Dutch trading companies to monopolize the spice trade in Asia.
The Dutch referred to the Indonesian region as 'Indies' or 'East India' due to its geographical location east of India.
The VOC was granted a monopoly over trade and had its own army, currency, and the power to tax and administer justice.
The company had a significant impact on the economy of the Netherlands, with spices being more valuable than gold.
The VOC was managed by the 'Heeren XVII', a council of 17 members from six provinces of the Netherlands.
The 'Heeren XVII' were based in Amsterdam and controlled VOC operations from there, despite the lack of modern communication tools.
The VOC had a Governor-General to oversee its activities in the colonies, with Jan Pieterszoon Coen being the first to hold the position.
VOC's charter, or 'octroi', granted it extensive rights, including the ability to wage war and negotiate treaties with local rulers.
The company was considered a 'state within a state' due to its sovereign-like powers and control over vast resources.
VOC's operations lasted nearly 200 years, amassing wealth equivalent to hundreds of quadrillions of rupiah in today's currency.
The company faced competition from other European traders, including the British East India Company, established in 1600.
The VOC's establishment aimed to strengthen the Dutch position in Asia against other European powers like England, Spain, and Portugal.
The company's governance structure allowed for a unified front against internal competition and external threats.
VOC's shareholders included not only Dutch citizens but also foreign investors, with the largest shareholder being a Belgian investor.
The company's success was attributed to its ability to control the spice trade and establish a strong presence in Asia.
The VOC's operations in Indonesia often faced challenges from local populations and rulers, necessitating negotiations and sometimes conflicts.
The company's legacy includes its significant role in shaping the economic and political landscape of Asia during its time.
Transcripts
[Musik]
berjumpa kembali di historic Indonesia
tahukah kalian bahwa wilayah-wilayah
Indonesia dulu ternyata pernah dijajah
oleh sebuah perusahaan dagang
ya mungkin kalian semua sudah pada tahu
ya perusahaan dagang yang dimaksud
perusahaan dagang tersebut adalah
vereenix the east in this company atau
VOC penduduk kita saat itu sering
menyebut orang-orang Belanda tersebut
dengan sebutan kompeni Nah sekarang
sudah tahu kan sebutan kompeni yang
sering kita dengar hingga saat ini
berasal dari mana
lalu Bagaimanakah perusahaan dagang
super besar milik Belanda ini didirikan
dan dijalankan yuk simak pembahasannya
khusus untuk kalian sobat
[Musik]
latar belakang berdirinya VOC
pelayaran the Hotman pada 1596 menuju
Nusantara telah membuka rute pelayaran
dan perdagangan Belanda Nusantara
disusul dengan kesuksesan pelayaran yang
membawa jutaan pohon rempah ke negeri
Belanda
pedagang-pedagang Belanda pun semakin
ramai mengunjungi Indonesia
orang-orang Belanda menyebut wilayah
Indonesia saat itu dengan sebutan use in
this atau India Timur karena secara
geografis berada di timur India
[Musik]
banyaknya pedagang-pedagang Belanda yang
berdagang saat itu kenyataannya bersaing
satu sama lain guys bahkan
pedagang-pedagang Belanda dari
perusahaan yang berbeda bersaing secara
tidak sehat dan saling menjatuhkan
kemudian masuk perusahaan sana
perusahaan ini selain persaingan antar
pedagang Belanda pemerintah Belanda juga
dipusingkan nih dengan adanya ancaman
persaingan dagang dari Inggris Spanyol
dan Portugis
terkusus Inggris mereka bahkan telah
mendirikan is India company atau ia isi
pada 1600 yang membuat posisi dagang
Inggris di Asia terkoordinasi dengan
baik belum lagi permasalahan timbul
Ketika pedagang-pedagang Belanda di
nusantara Ini mendapat penolakan serta
berkonflik dengan penduduk maupun
kerajaan-kerajaan lokal pemerintah
Belanda pun menunjuk Yohan Fano dan
bernafas sebagai perwakilan pemerintah
Belanda yang kemudian ditugaskan
mengundang perusahaan-perusahaan dagang
Belanda untuk berdiskusi mengenai
rencana penyatuan perusahaan
berkat negosiasi oleh serta campur
tangan Pangeran mauritz pada akhirnya
mereka sepakat untuk bersatu meskipun
pada awalnya 6 perusahaan ini menolak
penyatuan pada 20 Maret 1602 resmi
berdiri
atau VOC atau dalam bahasa Indonesia
berarti persatuan perusahaan dagang
Hindia Timur
[Musik]
tujuan didirikannya VOC
pembentukan VOC memiliki beberapa tujuan
krusial yang paling utama tentunya untuk
memonopoli rempah-rempah di kawasan Asia
perlu kalian tahu guys Pada masa itu
rempah merupakan barang dagang bernilai
tinggi bahkan melebihi harga emas loh
Yang bener
maka dari itu membunuh poli rempah
merupakan hal penting karena berkaitan
dengan pemasukan keuangan negeri Belanda
maklum aja guys untuk mendapatkan
kemerdekaan penuh atas pendudukan
Spanyol Belanda harus memiliki Cuan yang
sangat banyak
menyatukan para pedagang Belanda menjadi
satu wadah perserikatan dagang tentunya
juga merupakan tujuan dari didirikannya
VOC karena sebelum VOC dibentuk para
pedagang Belanda ini bersaing satu sama
lain demi mendapatkan profit besar
Selain itu tujuan pembentukan VOC adalah
untuk memperkuat posisi Belanda di Asia
pada saat itu Asia sudah ramai dengan
pedagang-pedagang Eropa seperti Inggris
Spanyol Portugis dan Prancis untuk
menyaingi mereka pemerintah Belanda
harus mendirikan suatu persatuan dagang
untuk memperkuat posisi mereka
terakhir tujuan didirikannya VOC adalah
untuk menguasai kerajaan-kerajaan di
Indonesia yang seringkali menyulitkan
pedagang Belanda untuk mendapatkan
rempah dengan harga yang miring
sistem dagang VOC
VOC merupakan perusahaan dagang super
besar karena merupakan merger dari 6
perusahaan dagang Belanda
VOC juga merupakan perusahaan
multinasional lalu Bagaimanakah sistem
VOC dijalankan
VOC merupakan perusahaan yang menerapkan
sistem pembagian saham jadi siapapun
bisa memiliki saham VOC
maupun pegawai VOC bisa berasal dari
luar Belanda dari data yang tercatat
pemilik saham terbesar VOC adalah leimer
yang merupakan investor asal Belgia
juga memiliki dewan tinggi yang disebut
dengan heron Seventeen atau dalam bahasa
Indonesia berarti Tuan 17 ya adalah
sekretaris the hearens Seventeen dewan
tinggi VOC ini terdiri dari 17 anggota
dewan tinggi yang berasal dari enam
negara bagian Belanda yaitu Amsterdam
ziland equizen Dev Horn dan Rotterdam
perwakilan dari Amsterdam merupakan yang
terbanyak berjumlah 8 orang
Seventeen inilah yang menjadi otak dari
VOC mereka mengontrol VOC yang
beroperasi di Asia dari Amsterdam
Belanda bisa dibayangkan nggak guys saat
itu belum ada pesawat terbang grup
WhatsApp telepon atau internet loh
mereka memakai surat dengan utusan
perwakilan dan yang pasti menggunakan
Jalur laut ya
setelah 8 tahun menjalankan VOC dari
Amsterdam
Seventeen memutuskan untuk mengangkat
seorang Gubernur Jenderal Gubernur
Jenderal yang dimaksud disini adalah
pemimpin tertinggi yang berkedudukan di
wilayah koloni Hal ini dilakukan karena
mengontrol perusahaan sebesar VOC dari
Amsterdam menggunakan waktu yang sangat
lama dan biaya yang besar pada 1610
terpilih rapi terbuat sebagai Gubernur
Jenderal pertama di India Timur jabatan
Gubernur Jenderal tetap diterapkan
hingga VOC bubar pada 1799
[Musik]
hak istimewa
walaupun VOC sejatinya adalah perusahaan
dagang namun VOC diberi kewenangan
sebagai perpanjangan tangan pemerintah
Belanda di Asia guys pemerintah Belanda
mengeluarkan oktroi untuk VOC dalam
bahasa Indonesia oktroi berarti adalah
paten hak paten untuk VOC ini berisikan
hak-hak istimewa yang akan didapatkan
oleh VOC hak oktroi ini berlaku 21 tahun
dan dapat terus diperbaharui hak oktroi
ini mencakup hak-hak istimewa yang
dimiliki VOC diantaranya adalah hak
memonopoli perdagangan memiliki Angkatan
Perang sendiri hak mengeluarkan mata
uang sendiri memungut pajak hak
menjalankan peradilan hak mengadakan
perjanjian dengan penguasa setempat
serta hak untuk menyatakan perang bahwa
anda saja ya VOC bisa bertahan mengeruk
sumber daya kita selama hampir 200 tahun
dengan hak istimewa yang didapat VOC
disebut sebagai negara dalam negara
karena memiliki kewenangan seperti
halnya sebuah negara
padahal VOC hanya merupakan sebuah
perusahaan dagang loh dengan berbagai
hal tersebut VOC menjadi perusahaan
super power yang mampu menurut
keuntungan jutaan Golden atau jika
dikonversikan ke rupiah saat ini setara
dengan ratusan quad triliun
[Musik]
Oke Sob mungkin itu dulu ya pembahasan
singkat mengenai awal berdirinya VOC di
video berikutnya kita masih akan
membahas VOC guys jadi pantengin channel
kesayangan kalian ini Ya dengan
subscribe dan Nyalakan lonceng
notifikasinya jika kalian suka dengan
konten kami mohon tinggalkan like dan
bagikan ke teman-temanmu Ya bagi kalian
yang ingin mendukung Kami lebih kalian
bisa support kami di saweria ya link ada
di deskripsi sampai jumpa di video
berikutnya salam jas merah
[Musik]
[Musik]
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