konfigurasi elektron kulit

Summary

This educational script introduces the concept of electron configuration in atomic shells, akin to planets orbiting the sun. It explains the arrangement of electrons around the atomic nucleus in specific energy levels or 'shells', as per Bohr's model. The script uses examples of various elements to illustrate electron configurations, emphasizing the maximum number of electrons in each shell and the significance of valence electrons in determining an element's group and period in the periodic table. It also touches on the limitations of the shell model for elements with higher atomic numbers.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video script is an educational session about electron configuration in atomic shells, using the Bohr model as a basis for explanation.
• 🌟 Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells or 'skins', each with a certain energy level, similar to planets orbiting the sun in the solar system analogy.
• 📚 The Bohr model suggests that electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus, with each shell having a maximum number of electrons, represented by the formula 2n², where n is the shell number.
• 🔬 The outermost electrons are called valence electrons, which can hold a maximum of 8 electrons and determine the chemical properties and group classification of an element.
• 🌐 The script provides examples of electron configurations for various elements, illustrating how to calculate the maximum number of electrons in each shell.
• 🔢 For elements with low atomic numbers, such as Helium (He), the configuration follows the 1s² pattern, indicating it belongs to Group 1A in the periodic table.
• 📈 The script explains that the number of shells indicates the period of an element in the periodic table, with elements like Magnesium (Mg) having a configuration that places it in the third period.
• 🚫 The Bohr model's electron configuration has limitations, as it cannot accurately determine the configuration for elements with atomic numbers above 20, which belong to Group B.
• 🔑 The script emphasizes the importance of understanding electron configurations for elements in Group A and those with low atomic numbers, as it helps in predicting their chemical behavior.
• 📝 The session concludes with a reminder of the limitations of using the Bohr model for electron configuration, especially for distinguishing between elements of Group A and Group B.
• 🙏 The script ends with a polite acknowledgment of the audience's attention and an apology for any potential errors, followed by a traditional greeting.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is the configuration of electron shells in atoms, based on the Bohr model.

What is the Bohr model of the atom?

The Bohr model of the atom suggests that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells or energy levels.

How many electrons can occupy the first shell (K shell) according to the Bohr model?

According to the Bohr model, the first shell (K shell) can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

What is the maximum number of electrons in the nth shell?

The maximum number of electrons in the nth shell is given by the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell number.

What is the term used for the outermost electrons in an atom?

The term used for the outermost electrons in an atom is 'valence electrons'.

What is the maximum number of valence electrons an atom can have?

An atom can have a maximum of 8 valence electrons.

How does the number of valence electrons determine the group of an element in the periodic table?

The number of valence electrons indicates the group of an element in the periodic table, with elements in group 1A having 1 valence electron, up to group 8A having 8 valence electrons.

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 3 electrons?

For an atom with 3 electrons, the electron configuration would be 2 electrons in the K shell and 1 electron in the L shell.

What is the limitation of using the Bohr model for electron configuration in elements with higher atomic numbers?

The limitation of using the Bohr model for electron configuration is that it cannot differentiate between elements of group A and group B for atomic numbers above 20, as it only considers the outermost electrons.

Why is it incorrect to place more than 8 electrons in the M shell (third shell)?

It is incorrect to place more than 8 electrons in the M shell because, according to the Bohr model, each shell can hold a maximum of 2n^2 electrons, and for the M shell (n=3), this would be 18, but valence electrons (outermost) are limited to 8.

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 12 electrons?

For an atom with 12 electrons, the electron configuration would be 2 in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, and 2 in the M shell.

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 17 electrons?

For an atom with 17 electrons, the electron configuration would be 2 in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, and 7 in the M shell, placing it in group 7A of the periodic table.

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 19 electrons?

For an atom with 19 electrons, the electron configuration would be 2 in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, and 9 in the M shell, but since the M shell can only hold 8, the remaining electron would be placed in the N shell as 2N8M.

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 31 electrons?

For an atom with 31 electrons, the electron configuration would be 2 in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, 18 in the M shell, and 3 in the N shell, placing it in group 3A of the periodic table.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Introduction to Electron Configuration

This paragraph introduces the topic of electron configuration in the context of atomic structure. It begins with a greeting and an overview of the day's lesson, which is about the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels or 'shells' around the nucleus, as proposed by Niels Bohr's model. The Bohr model suggests that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells, each with a certain energy level. The paragraph explains that the maximum number of electrons in the nth shell is given by the formula 2n², where n is the shell number. An example is given to illustrate the electron configuration of an atom with three electrons, placing two in the K shell and one in the L shell, emphasizing the concept of valence electrons and their significance in determining an atom's chemical properties and periodic table classification.

05:01

🔬 Detailed Electron Configuration Examples

The second paragraph delves deeper into the concept of electron configuration, providing specific examples of different atoms and their electron arrangements. It explains the rules for placing electrons in the L and M shells, noting that the L shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, while the M shell can accommodate up to 18. The paragraph discusses the valence electrons, which are the outermost electrons and are crucial for chemical bonding. It also touches on the limitations of the Bohr model, particularly its inability to distinguish between elements of Group A and Group B in the periodic table for elements with higher atomic numbers. The summary includes examples of helium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium, and germanium, illustrating their electron configurations and how these configurations relate to their positions in the periodic table, including their groups and periods.

Keywords

💡Electron Configuration

Electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. In the video, the concept is central to understanding the structure of atoms and their chemical properties. The script uses the electron configuration to explain the arrangement of electrons around the atomic nucleus in different energy levels or 'shells', which is crucial for grasping the theme of the video.

💡Orbit

An orbit is the path followed by an electron around the nucleus of an atom. The script mentions orbits in the context of the Bohr model, where electrons are said to revolve around the nucleus in specific orbits or shells. This concept is fundamental to understanding the electron configuration and the behavior of atoms.

💡Energy Levels

Energy levels, also known as shells, are regions around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found. The script discusses energy levels in relation to the Bohr model, indicating that each shell has a specific energy level and can hold a certain number of electrons. This is key to understanding the electron configuration of different elements.

💡Bohr Model

The Bohr model is a theory that describes the behavior of electrons in an atom as moving in circular orbits around the nucleus. The video script references this model to explain the arrangement of electrons in shells with specific energy levels. It is a foundational concept for discussing electron configurations.

💡Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom and play a crucial role in chemical bonding. The script explains that the number of valence electrons determines the chemical properties of an element and its group in the periodic table. For example, the script discusses how the maximum number of valence electrons is eight, which is a key principle in understanding chemical reactivity.

💡Periodic Table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The script uses the periodic table to classify elements based on their valence electrons and to explain the relationship between electron configuration and an element's position in the table.

💡Electron Shells

Electron shells are the layers in which electrons are organized around the nucleus of an atom. The script explains that each shell can hold a maximum number of electrons, with the first shell (K shell) holding up to two electrons. Understanding electron shells is essential for grasping the overall structure of atoms.

💡Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers are numerical values that describe the state of an electron in an atom. Although not explicitly mentioned in the script, the concept is implied when discussing the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels or shells. Quantum numbers are crucial for a detailed understanding of electron configurations.

💡Atomic Number

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is unique for each element. The script implies the importance of atomic number in determining the number of electrons in an atom and, consequently, its electron configuration.

💡Chemical Properties

Chemical properties are the characteristics that describe how an element reacts with other elements. The script explains that the electron configuration, particularly the valence electrons, influences an element's chemical properties and how it interacts with other elements.

💡Electron Valency

Electron valency, often referred to simply as valency, is the combining power of an atom expressed as the number of hydrogen atoms it can displace, combine with, or attach to. The script discusses valency in the context of the number of valence electrons, which determines how an element will bond with others.

Highlights

Introduction to electron configuration in the context of atomic structure.

Comparison of planetary motion around the sun to electron movement around the atomic nucleus.

Explanation of electron shells and their energy levels according to the Bohr model.

Description of the electron configuration process within different electron shells.

Maximum electron capacity of the first shell (K shell) is 2 electrons.

General rule for electron capacity in any shell: 2n^2, where n is the shell number.

Example of electron configuration for an atom with three electrons.

Valence electrons and their significance in chemical bonding and reactivity.

Valence electrons can hold a maximum of 8 electrons in the outermost shell.

Explanation of electron groups and periods based on the number of shells.

Demonstration of electron configuration for helium (He), highlighting its valence electron.

Configuration for magnesium (Mg), including its valence electrons and period.

Electron configuration for chlorine (Cl), emphasizing the 7 valence electrons.

Configuration for potassium (K), noting the maximum electron capacity in each shell.

Limitation of the Bohr model in distinguishing elements of groups A and B.

Transition from Bohr's shell model to a more advanced orbital-based electron configuration.

Final remarks and acknowledgments, with an apology for any errors in the explanation.

Transcripts

Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh Halo jumpa lagi dengan

ibu-ibu ini Ekawati

hai hai

Halo Halo bagaimana kabar kalian hari

ini Semoga semua dalam keadaan sehat

walafiat hari ini kita akan belajar

tentang konfigurasi elektron kulit Nah

apakah itu konfigurasi elektron Mari

kita simak video berikut ini berikut

adalah video tata surya tata surya kita

ya ada matahari di tengah kemudian ada

planet-planet yang bergerak mengelilingi

matahari nah Dari video ini Neng dapat

kita ambil bahwa dari masing-masing

Hai planet-planet ini mereka bergerak

mengelilingi matahari itu berdasarkan

orbit mereka masing-masing nah lalu

hubungannya dengan kimia apa nih kalau

di kimia masih ingatkah dengan atom atom

memiliki inti atom yang berada dipusat

satu ditengah dan ada elektron-elektron

yang bergerak mengelilingi inti dengan

lintasan tertentu ya Jadi sama seperti

lintasannya juga tertentu Nah kita akan

nanti akan kita bahas tentang

konfigurasi elektron itu adalah

Hai cara untuk menyusun atau penyusunan

elektron tuh pada masing-masing kulitnya

Hai yang akan kita pelajari pada hari

ini naik yang pertama kita akan membahas

tentang konfigurasi elektron berdasarkan

kulit atom yaitu dengan model atom Niels

Bohr ya jadi bor itu mengatakan bahwa

elektron mengelilingi inti pada lintasan

atau kulit tertentu yang disebut dengan

kulit yang memiliki tingkat energi

tertentu ya kemudian konfigurasi

elektron disini adalah menyatakan

susunan elektron pada atom

Hai nah disini menurut bor

di sini elektron itu tersusun dalam

setiap kulitnya

Hai Nah di sini ada nomor kulit nomor

kulit satu itu nama kulitnya adalah

kulit kah Nah ada jumlah elektron

maksimum di sini nah jumlah elektron

maksimum nya itu adalah 2 n pangkat 2

dimana n disini adalah nomor kulit Jadi

kalau misalnya

Hai maka jumlah elektron maksimalnya

adalah dua kali satu kuadrat ya satu

kuadrat F1 berarti kalikan dua hasilnya

adalah 2 sedih pada kulit pertama atau

kulit K itu elektron maksimum ya atau

Mak ngerek sekarang saya akan memberikan

contoh dari konfigurasi elektron

beberapa atom Nah di sini ada tanda atom

ya

Nda atomnya

saat ini ada tiga Eli berarti jumlah

elektronnya itu ada tiga ya untuk

konfigurasinya

Hai Nah konfigurasinya itu kita tulis

dulu dari kulit kah kemudian nanti l ada

juga kulit M dan kulit n ya di kulit kah

Karena elektronnya ada tiga kah itu kan

maksimal dua elektron jadi kita tulis

disini dua kemudian sisanya masih ada

satu elektron kita letakkan di kulit l

ya X sebelumnya

Hai untuk konfigurasi elektron ini

aturannya adalah

Hai jumlah elektron yang menempati kulit

terluar itu disebut sebagai elektron

valensi nah elektron valensi itu hanya

boleh mengandung maksimal 8 elektron

selanjutnya jumlah elektron valensi itu

ia menyatakan golongannya dan jumlah

kulitnya itu menyatakan periode Nah

sekarang kita lihat untuk contoh yang le

tadi Heli nah Berarti elektron valensi

itu tadi elektron terluar ya berarti

elektron terluarnya ini adalah

Oh ya elektron valensinya elektron

valensi tadi menyatakan golongan berarti

golongannya adalah golongan 1A

Oh ya pulau satu penulisan golongan

menggunakan angka romawi kemudian

periode nyata dinyatakan dengan jumlah

kulitnya dan disini kulitnya Kanada

kulit K dan kulit l nah Berarti periode

nya dua gitu lanjut ke contoh yang kedua

untuk 12mg Berarti elektronnya jumlahnya

itu adalah 12 nah konfigurasinya dua di

kulit K masih ada 10 ya berarti l kulit

l Nah sepuluhnya itu tidak bisa langsung

diletakkan di kulit l karena l maksimal

hanya ada delapan Berarti 8-bit kulit l

lanjut dua di kulit M berarti

golongannya ini elektron valensinya itu

berarti ada dua golongan yaitu 2A

periode nya dilihat dari jumlah kulit

ada kulit-kulit l dan kulit M berarti

periode nya tiga lanjut serta yang

ketiga 17cl dari jumlah elektrolit 17

Hai konfigurasi elektronnya ada dua di

kulit K kemudian bisa 15 ya 8 di kulit

help bisanya 7 di kulit M berarti di

sini elektron valensinya itu ada tujuh

golongannya 7A periode nyanan ini

kulitnya kulit kaku l kulit M ada tiga

kulit Ya bagi periode nya

Hai kemudian 19k jumlah elektronnya ada

hai konfigurasinya

08.10 ya batu sisa 9 ya tadi kulit M

maksimalkan ada 18 sebenarnya kalau

misalnya kita tulis 289 nah banyakan Om

berarti belum maksimal disini masih bisa

9 tapi kalau kita melihat dari sini

Hai jump elektron valensi hanya boleh

mengandung maksimal delapan elektron

Hai nah Berarti kalau karena cocok untuk

golongan dalam tabel periodik unsur itu

hanya sampai golongan 8 Jadi kalau

seperti ini nanti elektron valensinya

menjadi 9 Nah makanya ini tidak boleh

Lalu bagaimana caranya Nah berarti nanti

28 nah sisanya masih 9 ya untuknya kita

tidak isi 9 tapi kita isi di bawahnya

berarti kan 8 kita buat my8 dan sisanya

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Hai Nah jadi disini penempatan di kulit

hem itu tidak bisa tahu terserah kita

suka-suka kita ungkapkan ini 9 Berarti

boleh dong Misalnya 4-5 atau misalnya

6-3 tidak bisa jadi untuk yang kulit M

kalo misalnya dia tidak bisa 18 atau

atau lebih dari delapan jumlahnya maka

kita buat m-nya itu maksimal delapan Ya

dibawahnya dengan kulit k2a kulit l8m

kan harusnya 18 kita buat maksimalnya

delapan Ya begitu juga nanti kalau

misalnya di kulit n ya dia maksimal 32

ya Nah kalau misalnya tidak bisa berarti

bisa maksimal lapan belas atau turun

lagi maksimal delapan seperti itu Nah

golongannya

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ganti golongannya 1A periode nya

sekarang ada kulit Kak l m dan N 4 ya

berarti periode 4 terakhir 31 Gea da

tahun Vallen jumlah elektronnya 31

konfigurasinya berarti 2-8-18 tiga

elektron valensinya tiga golongannya 3A

periodanya 4

Hai nah disini terlihat bahwa

golongannya Kenapa kemudian golongan A

semua karena untuk konfigurasi elektron

menggunakan kulit nah ini hanya dapat

digunakan untuk

Hai aosong unsur dengan golongan A pada

golongan A ya ataupun sebenarnya untuk

unsur-unsur dengan nomor atom yang

rendah WC di bawah 20 Karena 21 itu

bergolongan B Nah inilah kelemahan dari

konfigurasi elektron menggunakan kulit

karena kalau misalnya dengan menggunakan

kulit dan kita nanti tidak tahu kita

hanya tahu elektron terakhirnya sekian

level di kulit terakhirnya sekian tapi

kita tidak tahu tidak bisa membedakan

apakah unsur tersebut Golongan atau

golongan B tentu

Hai Jadi biasanya nanti akan lebih

jelasnya lagi Oh ini unsur ini golongan

A ini unsur ini golongan B nah dapat

kita lihat apabila menggunakan

konfigurasi elektron yang orbital

seperti itu baik demikian tadi

penjelasan Ibu terkait dengan

konfigurasi elektron kulit terima kasih

atas perhatiannya mohon maaf apabila ada

kesalahan Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh

hai hai