Pengertian Demokrasi Sejarah, Ciri, Tujuan, Macam, dan Prinsip

Summary

This script delves into the concept of democracy, tracing its origins to ancient Greece and Athens, emphasizing its foundation on people's participation in governance. It outlines various definitions by experts, highlighting democracy as a system where power is distributed and balanced among different branches. The script also explores the evolution of democracy, its principles, and different forms such as parliamentary, direct, and presidential democracies. It underscores democracy's goals, including freedom of expression, security, active citizen participation, power limitation, and conflict resolution, aiming to create a just and prosperous society.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ Democracy originated in ancient Greece, particularly in Athens, and is a system of government by the people, for the people, and of the people.
• 🗳️ The term 'democracy' comes from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people, and 'kratos' meaning rule, highlighting the power of the populace in governance.
• 🌟 Experts have varying definitions of democracy, emphasizing aspects such as majority rule, representation, and the separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
• 📚 The book 'Komunikasi Politik, Media Demokrasi' by Henry Subianto discusses the background, approach, and methods of political communication that shape democracy.
• 📊 Key principles of democracy include freedom, participation, and the protection of individual rights, ensuring that governance is both representative and accountable.
• 📜 Historically, democracy has evolved from direct involvement in decision-making in ancient Athens to more complex representative systems in modern times.
• 🏛️ The concept of democracy was not consistently practiced throughout history; it saw periods of decline and resurgence, such as during the American 'Era of Good Feelings' from 1829 to 1877.
• 🌍 Modern democracies are characterized by features such as the presence of a legislative body elected by the people, decisions based on the aspirations and interests of the citizens, and the constitutional recognition of the people's power.
• 🗣️ Democracy aims to create a prosperous, fair, and just society, emphasizing openness, transparency, and the freedom of speech and association.
• 🤝 Active participation of citizens in government is a cornerstone of democracy, fostering a sense of responsibility and accountability in the political process.
• 🛡️ Democracy is designed to limit governmental power, prevent absolute rule, and ensure that the government is responsive and responsible to the people's needs and interests.

Q & A

What does the term 'democracy' originally refer to in the context of ancient Greek city-states, particularly Athens?

The term 'democracy' originally refers to a system of government where power is held by all citizens, allowing them to participate directly in the decision-making process that affects their lives.

What is the Greek origin of the word 'democracy' and what does it mean?

The word 'democracy' comes from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people or the public, and 'kratos' meaning rule or government, thus signifying a system of government by the people.

According to Henry Subianto's book on political communication, what are the key aspects of democracy?

The key aspects of democracy as explained in Henry Subianto's book include the involvement of citizens in decision-making, the concept of government being for the people and by the people, and the importance of political communication and leadership in shaping democracy.

What are the main characteristics of direct democracy as practiced in ancient Athens?

Direct democracy in ancient Athens was characterized by the random selection of citizens for administrative and judicial positions and a legislative assembly composed of all citizens, where everyone had the right to speak and vote.

What is the significance of the Charta in the history of democracy in England?

The Charta signifies a document that demonstrated the limited power of the king and the protection of certain rights of the people, marking the beginning of parliamentary democracy in England.

How does the parliamentary system in a democratic country ensure that the government's decisions are based on the aspirations and interests of the citizens?

In a parliamentary system, the government's decisions are made based on the aspirations and interests of the citizens through elected representatives who are accountable to the people and must consider their needs and desires in policy-making.

What are the five general purposes of democracy as outlined in the script?

The five general purposes of democracy are to ensure freedom of opinion, create security and order, encourage active citizen participation in governance, limit governmental power, and prevent conflicts by resolving issues through consultation.

What is the concept of 'Pancasila Democracy' as practiced in Indonesia?

Pancasila Democracy is a form of democracy that is based on the social and cultural values of the Indonesian people and is grounded in consensus decision-making, prioritizing the interests of the entire society or nation as outlined in the five principles of Pancasila.

How does the presidential system of democracy differ from a parliamentary system?

In a presidential system, the president is directly elected by the citizens and is not accountable to the legislature. The president and the executive branch are separate from the legislative branch, and the president serves as both the head of state and the head of government.

What are the principles of a democratic state as mentioned in the script?

The principles of a democratic state include being based on a constitution, guaranteeing the protection of human rights, ensuring freedom of opinion and association, regular transfer of power, impartial and fair justice, law enforcement and equality before the law, and freedom of the press.

How does the script describe the importance of the separation of powers in a democratic system?

The separation of powers in a democratic system is important as it prevents the concentration of power and potential abuse by ensuring that the legislative, executive, and judicial branches are independent and can check and balance each other.