Sejarah PRRI: Ketika Para Kolonel ditunggangi CIA?

Summary

The video script discusses the PRRI rebellion in Indonesia, led by figures like Colonel Ismail and Lieutenant Colonel Ahmad Husein, against President Soekarno's government. It explores the political and economic disparities that fueled the rebellion, the formation of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI), and the eventual suppression of the rebellion by the central government. The script also touches on the involvement of the United States and the migration of the Minangkabau people.

Takeaways

• 😀 The PRRI (Permesta Revolt) was considered a dark chapter in Indonesian history, seen as a rebellion against the government led by President Soekarno.
• 🏛️ The rebellion was partly a response to policies like the Rera program, which aimed to reorganize and rationalize the Indonesian military, reducing its size due to budget constraints.
• 🛑 The Rera program faced opposition from military groups, including Division 9 Banteng in Central Sumatra, who felt it was not the right time to downsize the military forces.
• 🌾 Economic disparities and a sense of regional exploitation, especially in Central Sumatra, contributed to the growing dissatisfaction among the population and military.
• 🗳️ The strengthening of the Indonesian Communist Party after the 1955 elections added to the unrest and was a factor leading up to the PRRI.
• 📜 On December 20, 1957, the Banteng leaders, including Colonel Ismail and Lieutenant Colonel Ahmad Husein, initiated the PRRI, aiming to take over regional governance due to perceived failures in development.
• 🔄 The PRRI was followed by the formation of similar councils in other regions, such as the Dewan Gajah in North Sumatra and the Dewan Garuda in South Sumatra, indicating a widespread movement.
• 🛑 The PRRI's demands included economic equality and the restructuring of the government, which were not met by the central government, leading to further conflict.
• 🛡️ In response to the PRRI, President Soekarno ordered the formation of a counter-force, the 17th August Troops, led by Colonel Ahmad Yani, which successfully quelled the rebellion.
• 🏆 Key figures in the PRRI, such as Sumitro Djojohadikusumo and Saladin Sarumpaet, held significant positions in the counter-government they formed, the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI).
• 🌐 The PRRI and PDRI were influenced by the Cold War context, with allegations of American involvement, including meetings between PRRI leaders and CIA operatives to destabilize Soekarno's government.
• 📊 The Minangkabau migration pattern to Jakarta increased significantly after the PRRI, possibly due to the desire for better opportunities and the impact of the rebellion on their region.

Q & A

What is the significance of the PRRI in Indonesian history?

The PRRI (Permesta Revolt) is significant in Indonesian history as it marked a dark chapter in the nation's journey towards independence and stability, being considered a rebellion against the government led by President Soekarno.

What was the estimated number of casualties caused by the PRRI?

According to General Abdul Haris Nasution, the PRRI resulted in 10,159 casualties, including 5,592 civilians.

What was the 'Rera' program initiated by Muhammad Hatta?

The 'Rera' program was a reorganization and rationalization initiative aimed at downsizing the Indonesian military due to limited national budget, reducing the number of soldiers and militia members.

Why was there opposition to the 'Rera' program within the military?

The opposition to the 'Rera' program within the military was due to concerns that reducing the number of soldiers would weaken the military's strength, especially in the face of returning Dutch forces and internal conflicts.

What was the role of Colonel Ismail in the formation of the Banteng Command?

Colonel Ismail played a key role in the formation of the Banteng Command, which was a part of the regional rebellion against the central government's policies.

What were the demands of the regional commands that formed the Perjuangan Council?

The Perjuangan Council demanded economic equality and an end to the central government's policies that they believed were favoring certain regions over others.

Who were some of the key figures in the formation of the PDRI (Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia)?

Key figures in the formation of the PDRI included Lieutenant Colonel Ahmad Husein, who became the leader, and Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, who was appointed as the Prime Minister.

What was the reaction of President Soekarno to the formation of the PDRI?

President Soekarno, upon his return from a European visit, ordered the capture of PRRI members, viewing them as a threat to the legitimacy of his government.

How did the military respond to the PRRI rebellion?

The military, led by Colonel Ahmad Yani, quickly suppressed the PRRI rebellion in Sumatra with little resistance, leading to the capture of the PRRI leaders.

What was the impact of the PRRI on the political landscape of Indonesia?

The PRRI had a significant impact on the political landscape of Indonesia, leading to the dissolution of parties like Masyumi and PSSI, and further solidifying the anti-communist stance of the military under the subsequent Suharto regime.

What is the connection between the PRRI and the broader context of the Cold War?

The PRRI was part of the larger Cold War context, with some sources suggesting that the United States had a hand in the rebellion to counter the growing influence of communism in Indonesia, which was a concern for the Eisenhower administration.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ The Struggle for Independence and the PRRI Rebellion

This paragraph discusses the historical context of Indonesia's struggle for independence and the emergence of the PRRI (Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia) rebellion. It introduces Donia Husein Putra, a key figure in the revolutionary government, and highlights the significant movements that shaped Indonesia as a nation. The PRRI is depicted as a dark chapter in history, considered a rebellion by the Soekarno government. The paragraph also touches on the historical trauma caused by the rebellion, with General Abdul Haris Nasution estimating casualties reaching over 10,000, including civilians. The connection between the PRRI and the post-independence policies of the Indonesian government, particularly towards the military, is explored. The 'Rera' program, aimed at reorganizing and rationalizing the military, is mentioned, along with the opposition it faced from military groups like the 9th Division Command in Central Sumatra. The paragraph concludes with a call for comments on a potential special episode discussing this topic.

05:00

🔥 The Formation of PDRI and the Impact of the Rebellion

This paragraph delves into the political turmoil that led to the formation of the PDRI (Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia), a rival government to the central government of Indonesia. It describes the meeting in Sungai Dareh and the subsequent ultimatums issued by the Banteng Council to the central government, demanding the dissolution of the Djuanda Cabinet and the exclusion of the PKI from the government. The refusal of the central government to comply led to the formation of the PDRI, with Sjafruddin Prawiranegara as the Prime Minister. Notable figures in the PDRI government include Sumitro Djojohadikusumo and Saladin Sarumpaet. The paragraph also covers the military response from the central government, led by Colonel Ahmad Yani, which quickly suppressed the rebellion. The aftermath of the rebellion saw some leaders continuing their military careers under the Soeharto regime, while others faced the consequences of their actions. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on the alleged involvement of the United States in the conflict and the broader implications of the Cold War on the situation in Indonesia.

Keywords

💡PRRI

PRRI stands for 'Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia' or 'Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia'. It was a rebellion against the central government led by President Soekarno. In the video, PRRI is a central theme, highlighting its role in the history of Indonesia as a significant event that marked a period of political turmoil and conflict.

💡Soekarno

Soekarno, or Sukarno, was the first President of Indonesia and a central figure in the country's struggle for independence. In the script, Soekarno is mentioned in the context of his government's policies and his role in the political events leading to the PRRI rebellion. His closeness to communist groups and the perceived neglect of certain regions contributed to the dissatisfaction that fueled the rebellion.

💡Rera

Rera refers to a program of reorganization and rationalization of the Indonesian military, initiated by Muhammad Hatta. The goal was to simplify and reduce the size of the military due to limited state budgets. In the video, Rera is highlighted as a policy that faced significant opposition from military groups, particularly the Command Division 9 Banteng, and is linked to the broader political and economic issues of the time.

💡Dewan Banteng

Dewan Banteng, or the Banteng Command Council, was a group of military leaders in Central Sumatra who opposed the central government's policies. In the video, the formation of Dewan Banteng is a key event leading to the PRRI rebellion, showing the military's dissatisfaction with the government's handling of economic and political issues.

💡Permesta

Permesta, or the 'Pemberontakan Militer Sumatera Barat' (West Sumatra Military Rebellion), was another rebellion in Indonesia, mentioned in the video as part of the broader narrative of regional dissatisfaction and resistance against the central government. Permesta is significant as it represents the broader trend of regional autonomy movements in Indonesia.

💡PDRI

PDRI stands for 'Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia' or 'Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia'. It was the name given to the government formed by the PRRI rebels, rejecting the legitimacy of the central government led by Soekarno. In the video, the formation of PDRI is a pivotal moment, illustrating the depth of the political crisis in Indonesia.

💡Masyumi

Masyumi, or the Masjumi Party, was a major political party in Indonesia before being banned. In the video, Masyumi is mentioned in the context of its criticism of Soekarno's leadership and the government's policies. The party's stance against the government and its eventual banning is part of the broader political narrative of the time.

💡Sjafruddin Prawiranegara

Sjafruddin Prawiranegara was a prominent Indonesian politician who became the Prime Minister in the PDRI, the rebel government formed during the PRRI rebellion. His appointment is significant in the video as it represents the establishment of an alternative government challenging the legitimacy of Soekarno's rule.

💡Ahmad Yani

Ahmad Yani was a high-ranking Indonesian military officer who played a crucial role in suppressing the PRRI rebellion. In the video, Yani is mentioned as the leader of the military forces that quickly quelled the rebellion in Sumatra, demonstrating the military's strength and the government's ability to maintain control.

💡Cold War

The Cold War refers to the period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, following World War II. In the video, the Cold War context is mentioned in relation to the PRRI rebellion, suggesting that the conflict was influenced by the global struggle between communism and capitalism, with the United States allegedly involved in efforts to destabilize Soekarno's government.

💡Minangkabau Migration

The Minangkabau migration refers to the movement of people from the Minangkabau ethnic group in West Sumatra to other parts of Indonesia. In the video, this migration is mentioned in the context of the PRRI rebellion, indicating that the political unrest had significant social and demographic impacts, leading to a significant increase in the Minangkabau population in Jakarta.

Highlights

The PRRI rebellion is considered one of the darkest chapters in Indonesian history, seen as a rebellion by the Soekarno government at the time.

The rebellion resulted in historical trauma with an estimated 10,159 victims, including 5,592 civilians, according to General Abdul Haris Nasution.

The PRRI had connections with the conditions and policies of the Indonesian government post-independence, especially regarding military personnel.

In 1948, Muhammad Hatta as Prime Minister initiated a program called 'Rera' to reorganize and rationalize the Indonesian military due to limited state budget.

Rera aimed to reduce the military from around 350,000 soldiers and 400,000 militia members to 160,000 regular soldiers.

The military itself was concerned about Rera, believing it was used by Hatta to cleanse the military of leftist influence.

The 9th Division Command in Central Sumatra opposed Rera, arguing that the return of the Dutch was not a valid reason to reduce the military.

There were many conflicts and rivalries within the military at the time, between former Dutch and Japanese-formed soldiers, as well as between left-wing and right-wing soldiers.

The PRRI rebellion was triggered by dissatisfaction with the central government's economic policies and growing influence of communist groups.

The rebellion led to the formation of regional councils demanding economic equality and the involvement of Colonel Zulkifli Lubis, known as a legendary Indonesian intelligence figure.

On February 10, 1958, the Banteng leaders issued three ultimatums to the central government, which were rejected, leading to the formation of the counter-revolutionary government PDRI.

The PDRI cabinet included figures like Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, father of Prabowo Subianto, and Saladin Sarumpaet, father of activist Ratna Sarumpaet.

Soekarno, after returning from Europe, ordered the capture of PRRI members, viewing them as opposing central power legitimacy.

The PRRI's physical strength in Sumatra was quickly crushed by Colonel Ahmad Yani's forces, leading to the capture of PRRI leaders.

Some PRRI leaders were released and continued their military careers during Soeharto's rule following the 1965 tragedy.

There are allegations of American involvement in the conflict, with sources mentioning meetings between American figures and PRRI leaders to counter CIA failures.

The rebellion had an impact on the Minangkabau community's migration patterns, with the number of Minang people in Jakarta increasing significantly after the event.

The video asks for viewers' opinions on the meaning of PRRI's history and invites suggestions for future content.

Transcripts

Hi Ho asing itu ya termasuk America atau

siapa mereka itu memanfaatkan situasi

Sepertinya begitu biar Soekarno di goyah

gitu loh kalau kita nggak punya Soekarno

tetap paling rendah saat itu mungkin

perkenalkan Donia Husein putra dari

Letnan Kolonel Ahmad Husein salah satu

pilar dalam pemerintahan revolusioner

Republik Indonesia atau PDRI semua

gerakan penting yang menandai perjalanan

Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara kisah

PRRI menjadi salah satu sejarah kelam

republik ini karena dianggap sebagai

salah satu pemberontakan demikian cap

yang diberikan oleh pemerintahan

Soekarno kala itu saat Indonesia masih

seumur jagung merasakan kemerdekaannya

pemberontakan ini juga mengakibatkan

trauma sejarah karena menurut Jenderal

Abdul Haris Nasution mendatangkan korban

hingga 10159 orang dengan 5592

diantaranya berasal dari rakyat sipil

Lalu seperti apa sejarah pemberontakan

yang disebut-sebut ditunggang

yang mereka Serikat lewat badan

intelijennya si ini dia tetapi Let's get

started sejarah PRRI punya pertautan

dengan kondisi dan kebijakan pemerintah

Indonesia pasca Merdeka terutama

terhadap para tentara dan kelompok

militer kala itu pada Tahun 1948

Muhammad Hatta yang menjabat sebagai

Perdana Menteri merangkap Menteri

Pertahanan mengeluarkan program

reorganisasi dan rasionalisasi di tubuh

Angkatan perang Republik Indonesia atau

Apri program yang disebut juga Rera ini

sebetulnya sudah dicanangkan sejak

Kabinet Amir Syarifudin namun baru

digalakkan lagi di era Hatta Tujuannya

adalah untuk menyederhanakan Angkatan

Perang akibat minimnya anggaran negara

dari sekitar 350.000 tentara dan 400.000

anggota Laskar menjadi 160.000 hingga

you ribu tentara reguler beberapa sumber

juga menyebutkan bahwa Rera digunakan

Hatta untuk membersihkan pengaruh

kelompok kiri dari militer dan nah

kebijakan ini mendapat banyak tentangan

dari tubuh militer sendiri salah satu

yang menentang kebijakan ini adalah

komando divisi 9 banteng yang ada di

wilayah Sumatera tengah mereka menilai

dengan kembalinya Belanda ke Indonesia

kala Itu bukan alasan yang tepat untuk

mengecilkan bunga tentara Sebagai

tambahan itu militer kala itu memang

terjadi banyak benturan dan persaingan

baik antara mantan tentara kecil

bentukan Belanda dengan mantan tentara

PETA bentukan Jepang maupun antara para

tentara yang kiri dengan tentara kanan

nah Jika kalian ingin ada episode khusus

yang membahas hal ini jangan lupa untuk

tulis di kolom komentar di bawah ini ya

walaupun program Rera sendiri pada

akhirnya terhambat akumulasi

pertentangan dan ketidak Setujuan itu

terus memuncak di waktu-waktu

dan utamanya terkait kebijakan

pemerintahan Presiden Soekarno secara

keseluruhan era awal kemerdekaan

Indonesia ini memang diwarnai kesulitan

secara ekonomi dan ketimpangan yang

terjadi di banyak wilayah di wilayah

Sumatera Tengah yang meliputi Sumatera

Barat Jambi Riau dan Kepulauan Riau

misalnya masyarakat merasa wilayahnya

menyumbangkan pemasukan yang besar untuk

kas negara dari perkebunan dan minyak

namun pemasukan itu tak dirasakan untuk

pembangunan di sana konteksnya juga

diperparah oleh kebijakan politik

Soekarno yang makin dekat dengan

kelompok-kelompok kiri komunis

menguatnya Partai Komunis Indonesia

pasca Pemilu 1955 pada akhirnya menambah

para ketidakpuasan yang terjadi akhirnya

pada 20 Desember 1950 berdirilah dewan

banteng dari para pemimpin komando

divisi 9 banteng yang diprakarsai oleh

kolonel Ismail lengah dengan Ketua

Letnan Kolonel Ahmad Husein jadwal

Husein merebut Kekuasaan pemerintah

daerah dari

jurnal Ruslan Mulyoharjo karena dianggap

tidak berhasil menjalankan Pembangunan

Daerah aksi Hussain ini kemudian diikuti

oleh kolonel maludin Simbolon dengan

membentuk dewan gajah di Sumatera Utara

kemudian lahir juga dewan garuda di

Sumatera Selatan dipimpin oleh Letkol R

berlian dan dewan Manguni di Sulawesi

Utara yang dipimpin oleh Letkol ventje

sumual nama terakhir adalah sosok yang

identik dengan perjuangan rakyat semesta

alias Permesta yang akan kita bahas di

episode selanjutnya so stay tune

singkatnya dewan-dewan daerah itu

bersatu bersama dalam dewan perjuangan

yang menuntut pemerintah pusat terkait

ketimpangan ekonomi ada juga Kolonel

lain yang ikut bergabung yakni Zulkifli

Lubis yang dikenal sebagai legenda Intel

Indonesia AH Nasution yang kala itu

menjabat sebagai Kepala Staf Angkatan

Darat bereaksi dengan melakukan

pemecatan terhadap para Kolonel yang

disebut pembangkang tersebut pada awal

1958 nyusul tidak di

ia Tunjukkan dewan banteng oleh

pemerintah pusat gelar pertemuan di

sungai dareh kala itu kemarahan untuk

memisahkan diri dari Indonesia sempat

muncul sekalipun bisa diredam oleh

sjafruddin prawiranegara Muhammad Nasir

dan Burhanuddin Harahap tokoh-tokoh

nasional yang hadir kala itu naksir kala

itu menyingkir ke Sumatera untuk

menghindari intimidasi dari para

pendukung Soekarno nyusul kritik keras

para tokoh Masyumi pada model

kepemimpinan demokrasi terpimpin yang

dijalankan oleh Soekarno Kemudian pada

10 Februari 1958 para tokoh dewan

banteng mengeluarkan tiga ultimatum

kepada pemerintah pusat yang isinya

meminta pembubaran Kabinet Djuanda

pembentukan kabinet yang bebas PKI dan

pengembalian posisi Soekarno sebagai

presiden konstitusional yang tak

terlibat pemerintahan namun ultimatum

tersebut ditolak oleh pemerintah pusat

Hai akhirnya pada 15 Februari 1958 Ahmad

Husein membentuk kabinet tandingan yang

dinamakan pemerintahan revolusioner

Republik Indonesia atau PDRI Mereka

menolak tunduk pada pemerintah pusat dan

mengangkat orang ini sjafruddin

prawiranegara sebagai Perdana Menteri

kala itu juga dibentuk kabinet

pemerintahan tandingan terhadap

pemerintah pusat beberapa nama yang

menarik di dalamnya adalah Sumitro

djojohadikusumo yang merupakan ayah dari

Prabowo Subianto sebagai Menteri

Perhubungan dan pelayaran Sumitro juga

dikenal sebagai bagian dari Partai

Sosialis Indonesia atau PSSI Selain itu

ada juga Saladin Sarumpaet yang

merupakan ayah dari aktivis Ratna

Sarumpaet sebagai Menteri Pertanian dan

perburuhan akhirnya Soekarno yang baru

pulang dari lawatannya ke Eropa

memerintahkan untuk menangkap para

anggota PRRI tersebut karena dianggap

menentang legitimasi kekuasaan di pusat

akhirnya pada April 1950 dibentuklah

satuan tempur

ngasih 17agustus dari kesatuan di Afrika

dipimpin oleh Kolonel Ahmad Yani yang

baru pulang dari pendidikan staf komando

di Amerika Serikat kekuatan fisik PRRI

di Sumatera dengan gampang ditumpas oleh

Yani dan pasukannya hanya dalam waktu

relatif singkat yang hampir tanpa

mendapat perlawanan para pemimpin PRRI

pada akhirnya kalah dan jadi tawanan

Jakarta telah sebagian dari mereka

dibebaskan dan melanjutkan karir militer

semasa pemerintahan Soeharto usai

tragedi 1965 keberadaan Natsir dan

tokoh-tokoh Masyumi pada akhirnya juga

membuat partai tersebut dibubarkan oleh

Soekarno begitupun juga dengan PSSI yang

akhirnya dibubarkan karena adanya sosok

beberapa anggotanya termasuk seperti

Sumitro sekalipun pada akhirnya berhasil

ditumpas lembar lainnya menarik dari

prni adalah terkait dugaan keterlibatan

Amerika Serikat dalam konflik ini

beberapa sumber menyebutkan bahwa

tokoh-tokoh Perry sempat bertemu dengan

tokoh-tokoh dari

Serikat terutama dari sisi e-teen banner

dalam membongkar kegagalan Cia yg

kemudian Champion Boy dan James Morrison

dalam fitur The Fire Kwon operations in

Indonesia mengubah operasi razia syaidah

menggoyang kekuasaan presiden Soekarno

antara tahun 1957 sampai 1958

pemerintahan presiden white Eisenhower

yang kala itu berkuasa di AS emang Baim

komunisme besar di Indonesia bantuan

bahkan hadir dalam bentuk persenjataan

untuk PRRI ini memang tidak lepas dari

efek perang dingin yang terjadi kala itu

selain konteks pemberontakannya Perry

juga menjadi tonggak lain Exodus

masyarakat Minang ke berbagai daerah di

Indonesia menurut Mochtar Naim dalam

bukunya Merantau pola migrasi suku

Minangkabau sebelum terjadinya peristiwa

PRRI jumlah orang Minang di Jakarta

diperkirakan kurang dari 100 ribu orang

Tetapi setelah peristiwa tersebut

jumlahnya terus meningkat bahkan menurut

perkiraan pada tahun

itu sudah terlambat sekitar setengah

juta orang Minang di Jakarta nih mungkin

ini alasannya kenapa nasi padang hingga

kini ada dimana-mana nah lalu Bagaimana

menurut kalian seperti apa sejarah PRRI

ini harus dimaknai Berikan pendapatmu

Terima kasih telah menyaksikan video ini

jika kalian punya saran atau masukan

untuk konten-konten selanjutnya Jangan

lupa untuk tinggalkan di kolom komentar

di bawah ini jangan lupa juga untuk like

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