Feminism

Summary

This video script provides an in-depth overview of feminism, tracing its history from early advocates like Christine de Pizan and Mary Wollstonecraft to the various waves and types of feminism. It discusses goals like reproductive rights and political participation, evaluates different perspectives on feminism, and highlights the importance of intersectionality. The script also touches on the impact of feminism on society and culture, and the ongoing struggle for gender equality.

Takeaways

• 📚 Feminism advocates for equality and challenges the notion of women's unequal treatment in society, emphasizing the importance of both sexes being equal rather than women being superior to men.
• 🌊 The feminist movement has evolved through different 'waves', each with its own focus and goals, starting from the fight for women's suffrage to more recent discussions about gender roles and intersectionality.
• 🗳️ The first wave of feminism was primarily concerned with women's right to vote, while the second wave aimed to expand women's rights beyond suffrage to include reproductive rights and challenge traditional gender roles.
• 🌟 Prominent activists like Sojourner Truth and Emma Goldman contributed to the movement, highlighting issues faced by marginalized women and advocating for broader societal change.
• 🌈 Third wave feminism emerged in the 1990s, focusing on a more inclusive and diverse approach to feminism, addressing issues like sexuality, body image, and the intersection of gender with race and class.
• 🌐 The fourth wave of feminism, sometimes referred to as cyber feminism, utilizes digital platforms and social media to raise awareness and mobilize action against gender-based discrimination.
• 💪 Different types of feminism, such as radical, liberal, and cultural feminism, each offer unique perspectives on the sources of gender inequality and propose various strategies for achieving gender equality.
• 🌱 Intersectionality, a concept coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, is a key component of modern feminism, recognizing that overlapping social identities and related systems of oppression must be considered to understand the full scope of discrimination.
• 🌍 Global feminism considers the impact of globalization and capitalism on women across different cultures and societies, advocating for comprehensive approaches to address the diverse experiences of women worldwide.
• 🚫 Backlash against feminism has been evident throughout its history, with critics often misrepresenting the movement's goals and ideals, leading to stereotypes such as feminists being 'man-hating' or 'promiscuous'.
• 🔍 The script also touches on the importance of language and representation in shaping perceptions of feminism, emphasizing the need for careful and respectful discourse when discussing gender issues.

Q & A

What is the basic definition of feminism as discussed in the script?

Feminism is a range of ideas and sociopolitical movements centered on the belief that women face unequal treatment due to their gender and that society must establish equality. It looks at both sexes and genders being equal, not just women being superior over men.

Can you provide an example of early feminist thought as mentioned in the script?

An early example is Christine De Pizan, a philosopher in France, who challenged social restrictions on women and pushed for women's education.

What is the significance of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women' in the context of feminism?

'A Vindication of the Rights of Women', written by Mary Wollstonecraft, became a seminal work in the English language feminist philosophy, advocating for women's rights in the 18th century.

Who were some of the notable activists in the United States during the mid to late 19th century?

Notable activists included Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony, who were instrumental in the women's suffrage movement.

What are some of the achievements of feminism mentioned in the script?

Feminism has provided women with increased educational opportunities, the right to vote, protections against workplace discrimination, and the right to make personal decisions about things like pregnancy.

What is the focus of the first wave of feminism?

The first wave of feminism was primarily focused on women's suffrage, aiming to give women the right to vote and hold office.

What are the main goals of the second wave of feminism?

The second wave aimed to break the dichotomy between working men and stay-at-home mothers by advocating for reproductive rights, including access to contraception, and pushing sexuality into the spotlight.

What is the third wave of feminism known for?

The third wave of feminism began in the early 1990s and focused on human rights and non-exclusionary feminism, addressing issues such as gender, sexuality, and the influence of globalization.

What is the concept of intersectionality in the context of feminism?

Intersectionality is a concept that describes how different social categories such as race, class, and gender interact, sometimes resulting in compounding effects and tensions, particularly important in understanding the unique experiences of marginalized women.

What are some criticisms of radical feminism as presented in the script?

Radical feminism is often criticized for being extreme and man-hating, which can overshadow the goals of the broader feminist movement and create divisions among feminists.

What is the significance of the 'Me Too' movement in relation to the fourth wave of feminism?

The 'Me Too' movement is an example of the fourth wave of feminism, utilizing social media to raise awareness and mobilize against sexism and gender-based violence, particularly highlighting issues like sexual harassment.

How does the script describe the role of education in the feminist movement?

Education plays a crucial role in the feminist movement by providing women with increased opportunities and by challenging traditional gender roles through changes in societal structures and the national curriculum.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Feminism and Its Historical Roots

The script begins with an introduction to feminism, outlining its basic definition and historical development. It discusses the early advocates for women's rights, such as Christine de Pizan and Mary Wollstonecraft, and the significant contributions of activists in the 19th-century United States. The paragraph emphasizes the movement's goals, including educational opportunities, voting rights, workplace protections, and reproductive rights. It also touches on the broader cultural impact of feminism and its global reach, exemplified by activists like Malala Yousafzai. The paragraph concludes with a clarification that feminism advocates for gender equality, not female superiority.

05:00

🌊 The Waves of Feminism: An Overview

This paragraph delves into the different waves of feminism, starting with the first wave, which focused on women's suffrage in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It acknowledges the movement's limitations in diversity and its primarily white, middle-class composition. The second wave is characterized by its post-WWII origins and its broader fight for reproductive rights and gender equality in the public sphere. The third wave, emerging in the 1990s, is distinguished by its emphasis on human rights and inclusivity, addressing the shortcomings of previous waves. The paragraph also contemplates the possibility of a fourth wave, associated with globalization and social media, without reaching a definitive conclusion on its existence or characteristics.

10:01

🚫 Backlash and Evolution: Critiques of Feminism

The script discusses the backlash faced by the feminist movement, particularly against the radical feminists of the second wave, who were sometimes perceived as man-hating or promoting promiscuity and moral degeneration. It also addresses the evolution of feminism, noting that while some values may be outdated, the movement continues to influence society. The third wave is highlighted for its inclusivity and focus on intersectionality, while the potential fourth wave is linked to the anti-globalization movement and the critique of capitalism.

15:02

🌐 Feminism in the Digital Age: Cyber and Networked Feminism

This paragraph explores the impact of the internet on feminism, giving rise to cyber feminism and networked feminism. It discusses the use of social media platforms by young feminists to broaden their audience and the concurrent rise of anti-feminist voices online. The script also examines the relationship between anti-globalization and feminism, particularly how capitalist structures are at odds with feminist goals. The fourth wave of feminism is presented as a response to the third wave's backlash, with a focus on social awareness and the internalized misogyny within society.

20:02

🌟 Types of Feminism: Exploring Diversity in Feminist Thought

The script provides an overview of various types of feminism, including radical, reformist, cultural, black, liberal, global, eco, Marxist, socialist, and visionary feminism. Each type is distinguished by its core beliefs and approaches to addressing gender inequality and patriarchy. The paragraph emphasizes the diversity within feminist thought and the importance of understanding the different perspectives in order to engage in informed debates and discussions.

25:04

🔍 Evaluations of Feminism: A Sociological Perspective

This paragraph examines the evaluations and critiques of different types of feminism from a sociological perspective. It discusses the criticisms of radical feminism for being extreme and divisive, the mainstream acceptance of liberal feminism's ideas, and the focus of postmodern feminism on the diverse experiences of women. The paragraph also touches on the goals of the feminist movement, such as rethinking society through feminist theory, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting political participation and equality in various spheres.

30:05

📉 Addressing Sexism and Intersectionality in Feminism

The script delves into the different types of sexism, including traditional, modern, and neosexism, and how they manifest in society. It also discusses intersectionality, a term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw to describe the compounding effects of different social categories on discrimination. The paragraph highlights the importance of recognizing diverse backgrounds and experiences in the fight against gender oppression and the need for feminism to be inclusive of all women, regardless of their social class, ethnicity, religion, race, and sexuality.

35:06

🗓 Timeline of Feminism: Key Historical Events

This paragraph presents a timeline of significant events in the history of feminism, from the Seneca Falls Convention and the first women's suffrage law in Wyoming to the Roe v. Wade decision and the lifting of the ban on women serving in combat roles. The script also provides examples of the challenges faced by women in countries like Afghanistan, Syria, South Sudan, and Chad, emphasizing the global scope of the feminist movement and the varied contexts in which it operates.

🏆 Conclusion and Encouragement for Future Debates

The script concludes by summarizing the importance of understanding the complexities of feminism and the various issues it addresses. It encourages future debaters to learn from the material presented and to use it as a basis for informed argumentation. The paragraph ends on a note of hope for the continued progress of the feminist movement and the role of education and advocacy in achieving gender equality.

Keywords

💡Feminism

Feminism is a social, political, and ideological movement advocating for equal rights and opportunities for women. It is central to the video's theme, which explores the evolution and goals of feminist movements. The script discusses various waves and types of feminism, illustrating its historical progression and diverse approaches to gender equality.

💡First Wave Feminism

First Wave Feminism refers to the early feminist movement primarily focused on women's suffrage in the 19th and 20th centuries. The video script mentions the suffrage movement as the basis for future feminist waves, highlighting its significance in establishing legal rights for women, although it was predominantly a movement by and for white women.

💡Second Wave Feminism

Second Wave Feminism emerged post-World War II, aiming to break the dichotomy between working men and stay-at-home mothers. The script discusses this wave's focus on reproductive rights and the spotlight on sexuality, as well as the Equal Rights Amendment, showcasing a broader scope of women's rights beyond suffrage.

💡Third Wave Feminism

Third Wave Feminism began in the early 1990s, emphasizing human rights and a non-exclusionary approach to feminism. The video describes this wave as an attempt to address the shortcomings of previous waves, focusing on diversity and redefining gender and sexuality, while also touching upon its connection to anti-globalization and the influence of social media.

💡Fourth Wave Feminism

Fourth Wave Feminism, also known as Cyber Feminism, utilizes the internet and new media technologies to mobilize and expand the feminist audience. The script explains how this wave grew out of third wave feminism but remains somewhat undefined, with a focus on intersectionality and the use of social media platforms for activism.

💡Intersectionality

Intersectionality is a concept that describes how different social categories interact, leading to compounding effects and tensions. The video script uses this term to discuss how various forms of discrimination, such as sexism, classism, and racism, intersect, particularly impacting the experiences of black women and the need for a more inclusive feminism.

💡Radical Feminism

Radical Feminism is a controversial form of feminism that blames patriarchy for women's suffering and views social institutions as inherently imbalanced in favor of men. The script explains that radical feminists believe in the need to abolish patriarchy for women to be free and discusses the different views and approaches within this category.

💡Liberal Feminism

Liberal Feminism focuses on general gender inequalities and the position of women in society. The video script describes liberal feminists as believing that both men and women suffer from societal inequalities, which are perpetuated through culture and socialization rather than inherently patriarchal institutions.

💡Cultural Feminism

Cultural Feminism emphasizes the essential differences between men and women, celebrating traditional feminine characteristics and viewing women as having superior virtues. The script mentions that cultural feminists believe in the inherent kindness and gentleness of women, suggesting that a matrifocal society would be more harmonious.

💡Global Feminism

Global Feminism is concerned with how globalization and capitalism affect people across nationalities, races, ethnicities, genders, classes, and sexualities. The video script discusses this approach as recognizing inequalities across different groups of women and the importance of intersectionality in understanding these differences.

💡Eco Feminism

Eco Feminism links women's rights and empowerment to the well-being of all living creatures and the Earth, criticizing the patriarchy for its harmful impact on the environment. The script briefly touches on this form of feminism, which combines a comprehensive analysis of power with a spiritual vision for a more harmonious relationship between humanity and nature.

Highlights

Feminism advocates for equality between sexes and genders, not just women's superiority.

Christine de Pizan and Mary Wollstonecraft were early influential figures in the feminist movement.

19th-century activists like Sojourner Truth and Emma Goldman contributed significantly to feminist discourse.

Feminism has achieved advancements in women's education, voting rights, workplace protections, and reproductive rights.

First wave feminism primarily focused on women's suffrage and legal rights.

Second wave feminism aimed to break societal dichotomies and establish reproductive rights for women.

The National Organization for Women was established to promote women's full participation in society.

Second wave feminism addressed six core issues including abortion rights and violence against women.

Third wave feminism emerged in the 1990s, emphasizing human rights and inclusivity.

Cyber or fourth wave feminism utilizes social media and new technologies to expand its reach and audience.

Radical feminism is one of the most controversial forms, blaming patriarchy for women's suffering.

Reformist feminism seeks gender equality through legislative changes without altering the capitalist system.

Cultural feminism emphasizes the essential differences between men and women, advocating for women's virtues.

Intersectionality, a key concept in black feminism, argues that sexism, class, and racism are interconnected.

Liberal feminism focuses on general gender inequalities and the importance of socialization in shaping gender roles.

Global feminism addresses the impact of globalization and capitalism on various groups of women.

Eco-feminism links women's rights and empowerment to the well-being of all living creatures and the planet.

Marxist and socialist feminism attribute women's oppression to the capitalist economic system.

Visionary feminism combines the need to challenge patriarchy and other forms of oppression with a focus on love and mutual growth.

Evaluations of feminism highlight both its achievements and the criticisms it faces, including accusations of man-hating and extremism.

A timeline of important events in feminist history includes milestones like the 19th Amendment and Roe v. Wade.

Feminism's goals include rethinking society with feminist theory, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting political participation.

Intersectionality is a concept that has broadened to include various social categories beyond gender and race.

Different types of sexism include traditional, modern, and neosexism, each with unique manifestations and implications.

Examples of countries with significant gender issues, such as Afghanistan, Syria, South Sudan, and Chad, illustrate the global reach and impact of feminism.

Transcripts

okay hi guys it'sa here so today we're

going to be looking at feminism

correct our overview the first thing

we're going to be looking at is just the

basic definition of what feminism is

then we're going to look at the

different waves of feminism we also

going to look at the various types of

feminism that we get look at some of the

goals of the movement also going to look

at some evaluations of like just the

general ideas and ideologies that people

have with regards to the movement so

what is feminism right so so the way it

all started was like there was this

period in France where a philosopher

called Christine De challenged the

social restrictions on women and pushed

for women's education and then towards

the 18th century in England Mary

wallston craft uh who she she wrote

something called um a vind a Vindication

of the rights of women it became a

seminal work of the English language

feminist philosophy right and feminism

in the United States had a number of

prominent activists during the mid to

late 19th century so notably mainstream

activists include included uh lucrecia M

Elizabeth candy Stanton and Susan

Anthony right so less mainstream but

similarly important views came from soj

of Truth who was a forly enslaved black

wom and Emma Goldman who is the nation's

leading Anarchist who was the Nations

meeting Anarchist during the 19th

century so feminism has provided the

with women with increased educational

opportunities the right to vote

protections against workplace

discrimination and the right to make

personal decisions about things like

pregnancy in some communities feminism

has also succeeded in challenging

pervasive cultural norms about women

outside the Western World however

activists such as Malala yfai have

highlighted issues such as unequal

access to education for women right so

this just the slide just looks at and

refers to uh the fact that feminism is a

range of IDE ideas and sociopolitical

movement centered on the belief that

women do face unequal treatment because

of their agenda and that Society must

establish some equality right it's

important to understand that uh feminism

looks at both sexes and genders being

equal and not just women being Superior

over men right so let's move on to our

next looking at first wave feminism

right so the first wave of feminism was

originally the Incarnation of the

feminist movement right it was primarily

focused on women's suffrages so this was

your suff movement that existed

unlimited to the 19th and 20th Century

the legal rights of a woman achieved

through the suffrage movement formed the

basis of the future of the feminist

weights however that suffragist movement

was primarily a movement by and for

white woman only there were some British

Indian women involved in the movement

such as the Indian princess Sophie god

daughter of Queen Victoria overall the

first wave feminism was not particularly

diverse right and this began around in

the 50s and was focused on on like we

said the suff suffrage and um it thought

to have ended the with the passing of

the 19th amendment in the US in uh the

1920s that's when people thought that

the first wave of feminism has

ended now looking at the second wave of

feminism right so the second wave of

feminism began post World War II right

and those involved in the second wave of

feminism aimed to break the dichotomy

between working men and stay-at home

mothers by giving women Reproductive

Rights including access to contraception

and pushing sexuality into the spotlight

so this wave began the still present

journey of trying to get the Equal

Rights Amendment written by Alice Paul

in 1923 enacted so the National

Organization for Women was established

and their goal stated uh that they

wanted to take action to bring women

into full participation in mainstream

American uh in the mainstream of

American society being able to exercise

all privileges and responsibilities

thereof in truly equal partnership with

men and it aimed to address six core

issues that being abortion reproductive

Health Service access violence against

women constitutional equality promoting

diverse uh diversity and ining racism

lesbian rights as well as economic

justice so according to Martha rampton

that the goals of the second wave of

feminism has been achieved including

more women in leadership positions

abortion rights acts that would invol in

terms of reproductive life they have

access to the poll more acceptance of

female sexuality and Fe feminism as a

field in Academia as well as things like

women's supports groups and efforts to

reform and critique uh and a critique of

the patriarchy right so the backlash to

this movement can still be seen today as

the older Generations thought that the

younger Generations were kind of tearing

part of the social fabric that existed

and destroying the way things were

supposed to be so women of the feminist

movement began to see be seen as male

hating promiscuous and morally

degenerate right so we can see where the

problem arises when we talk about third

secondary feminism because particularly

as much as it gained so much of things

and women were able to get so much of

things there was a lot of backlash that

existed with regards to this movement

right um so we already spoke about the

fact that um you know it campaigned for

all of these different things and to be

honest it still has a very large

influence on society right so while the

ideals of second wave uh feminism are

still seen many of its values are now

outdated for example a number of radical

feminists from that specific per such as

trans misogynistic so this doesn't fall

in line with like the current aims of

the feminist movement and it's also

regarded by many as an exclusive

movement and not welcoming of different

ethnicities and religions similar to

First Way feminism that was just

exclusive to females to White now

looking at Third Way feminism right so

the third wave began in the early 1990s

rising from the pitfalls and missing

issues of its predecessors it focused

much more on human rights and

non-exclusionary feminism so there uh

many uh Scholars argued that this weaved

through with the 2008 election of Barack

Obama right however some still feel that

um we are currently still in the Third

Way of feminism and you know it's a

decision for you guys to make whether

we're in Third Way feminism or whether

we're progressing to Fourth feminism at

this point right and an attempt to

destabilize constructs of universal

women who hand things like body gender

and sexuality and heter are being made

right so this wave also reclaim many of

the previous wave symbols of male

oppression including but not limited to

things like lipstick high heels short

skirts and how low cut necklines how low

your necklines are for wom for women it

also focused on redefining and

contextualizing gender and sexuality in

terms of the way we perceive women there

were more radical factions of the third

wave um South things like South name

right girls um who were hardcore and

sought um assuring victimizing and

reclaiming slurs used against them right

so Third Way humanism is also connected

something called anti-globalization as a

world movement right so the

globalization movement is something that

is part of the reason that there is an

arguable fourth wave that exists right

so the transition into fourth wave

feminism came as a product of this

globalization and the increased

prevalence of social media as a platform

so there's many young feminists that use

social media platforms like Twitter and

Facebook to expand the audience uh that

they can reach on their own so these

people include uh Matt mcroy uh

something called feminist culture like

the Ley chis these are all like their

Instagram handles um but conversely

anti-feminism accounts also exist and

they have also found a large following

on these websites as well so

anti-globalization as a movement opposes

the homogeneous ownership of the world

labor Industries for corporate profit

which ties heavily into capitalism and

therefore lies at odds with socialist

feminism right so the backlash of this

movement was a more intensely

radicalized view of feminism and added

to the list of adjectives that was

supposedly un victim and unfeminine and

having a victim complex right so ARG

give the fourth wave of feminism is the

backlash from the third wave though the

issues are largely the same with

slightly more social awareness of

different kinds and ways women

experience oppression younger women have

increasing internalized misogyny and the

patriarchal values in for example

American society and afraid to even

identify themselves as feminist though

they may agree with the movement's

claims and or goals right so um here we

can see that one of the major attempts

of the Third Way feminism was to expand

and diversify the feminist woman which

lacked in first and second way feminism

right um and third feminism is also

notable for its distinct SE positivity

though this is an idea that still

currently divides

certain now let's look at Fourth

feminism right so it could also be

called cyber feminism and this is used

to describe the work of feminists

interested in theorizing critiquing and

making use of the internet cyber plays

and New Media Technologies in general

right so the term and movement grew out

of third feminism however it's still

unclear as to what the exact meaning of

this movement is right so even at the

first meeting of cyber feminist which

was called the first C of feminist

International in Germany participants

found it hard to provide a definition

and as a result of discussions they

proposed uh something called The 100

anti antithesis right with reference to

um Martin Luther King's thesis on what

cyber feminism is not rather than what

it actually is right so these included

for example it is not an institution it

is an ideology and uh that's something

that's important right so cyber feminism

is considered to be the predecessor of

uh networked feminism which generally

refers to feminism on the internet for

example mobilizing people to take action

against sexism misogyny or gender based

violence against women so examples of

this is like me movement that existed in

2017 online right where there was a

response on social media for all women

all around the world um uh to the case

of har went Weinstein who was you know

the Hollywood producer who was

essentially accused of harassing female

staff in the movie industry

so the me to movement is a very good

example of what fourth feminism looks

like right um so similarly to third

feminism it's based on the value of

intersectionality embracing things like

the lgbtqi plus Community as well as um

race Theory right and for feminism is

also strongly associated with

reproduction and abortion right support

trans transgender women and um raising

the voices of marginalized women right

next different types of now this is a

very very broad category because there's

so many different types of feminism that

exist so I've tried to put in a few that

I think would be particularly important

for you guys right so the first one

we're looking at is radical feminism

right so this is possibly one of the

most controversial forms of feminism and

therefore often ends up in the news or

social media for some of their abew

right but it's also very important to

note that not all radical feminists

think the same so always important in

debates to draw that spectrum of what

people look like and I think that that's

something that's always lacking speeches

you guys don't look at actors on a

spectrum but you kind of just either see

the best or the worst in them but

there's always a middle realm that

exists it's important to use that right

um so radical feminists believe that

patriarchy should ultimately be blamed

for women suffering uh they view social

institutions as inherently imbalanced in

favor of men and radical uh and argue

that men have established and maintain

dominance over women so men are the

social group who benefit the most from a

woman's subordination and therefore

radical feminist as the main problem so

that is men are the ruling class and

women are the oppressed class so since

the root of femin of women's

subordination lies in patriarchy radical

feminists then believe that they will

not be free until the patriarch of

itself is abolished right so people have

varing views on radical feminism right

so some people may think uh it's

creating female only communes which

exclude men and provide a safe space for

women to live it some feel that it's

introducing a matri focal family

structure in which women are the heads

of the family and men are hold less

powerful roles such as uh child raring

and household task as well as things

like political lesbianism so this refers

to women prioritizing relationships with

other women regardless of sexual

attraction in order to stop centering

men in their lives so political lesbians

often view the idea of being

heterosexual as Sleeping with the Enemy

and therefore encourage celibacy or

lesbianism um then you have two types of

radical feminist you have your radical

cultural feminist you have your radical

libertarian feminist so in terms of

radical cultural feminist these

feminists believe that women are

superior to men they celebrate

traditional feminine characteristics and

shun those of men for example they

welcome emotion and shine strength which

is considered to be a masculine quality

right um then in terms of radical

libertarian feminist they believe that

it is possible to eradicate gender

differences and they aim for

there to be a little to difference

between behaviors and characteristics of

and wom they look at cultural and social

differences between genders such as

wearing dresses and encouraging these

attributes to be adopted by both genders

and not just one something that's very

important that like I need to say in

this right especially for like I think

just anyone not not dressed like the

males on the squad but particularly you

guys um whenever you're having debates

about feminism it's very important to

watch the words that you use when you're

delivering speeches as well as the

things that you guys say because um

especially at Nationals people may take

things in a way that you may not mean

harm but someone may think that you are

saying it incorrectly so always be

careful of the words that you use when

you're talking about women when you're

talking about disen franch people when

you're talking about minorities if

you're talking about um people from the

lgbtq P Community you have to refer them

in a way that is appropriate but also

one that conveys emotion and apathy

right um even in debates where you're

trying to argue you know that the

feminist movement has done more harm

than good for example or that you don't

want to associate females with these

masculine characteristics such as power

because that's what you associate with

males because it's so masculine you have

to be very careful with the way that you

phrase it so it may be okay coming from

a female but if it's coming from a male

it may be viewed differently so you can

make sure you're using Expressions on

your face using air quotation marks to

make sure you're making your

adjudicators aware of the fact that you

don't think of it this way but this is

what Society perceives it to

be so next we're looking at reformist

feminism right so reformist feminism

believes that gender inequality can be

eliminated through legislative or

electoral reforms without the need to

alter the capitalist system in of itself

so we spoke about the group such as the

National Organization for Women all the

Pro Choice America the uh they tfy a

reformism right because limit their

efforts on to what can be achieved

within the current system they Orient

Prim primarily to more privileged white

middle class women many of those who

whose needs can be at least partially or

temporarily uh mated by reforms right so

their approach is a single issue and

aimed at sing politicians and donors

then you have cultural feminism right

this emphasizes essential differences

between men and women in terms of bi

biology uh personality and behavior

women are seen to have different and

Superior virtues that provide the

foundation for a shared identity

solidarity and sister Since By Nature

women are viewed as Kinder and more

gentle than men it follows that if women

were in power the world would be a

better place so in the 60s and 70s some

women supported the idea of forming

separate women only cultures right then

we're going to move on to lack feminism

and liberal feminism so in terms of

black feminism this kind of ties hand in

hand with uh intersectionality which

we'll talk about later in our PowerPoint

so the school of thought argues that

sexism class oppression gender identity

and racism are

inexpressibly bound together so the way

these Concepts relate to each other is

called intersectionality which I just

spoke about right so the term

intersectionality was a theory uh coined

by legal scholar Kimberly CAW in 1989 in

her work she discussed that black

feminism which argues that the

experience of being a black woman cannot

be understood in terms of being black or

being a woman right so each concept is

considered independent but must include

interactions which frequently reinforce

each other right then in terms of

liberal feminism right this one is also

important for you guys so this focuses

on General gender inequalities notest

specifically the position of women in

society so they believe that whilst

inequalities exist men and women both

suffer they view these inequalities as

being replicated and encouraged through

culture and socialization rather than

inherently patriarchal institutions in

society which is what radical feminism

does the converse of so for example

children are taught uh the societal

expectations of G of each gender coming

young age they learn the required

behaviors associated with being a man or

being a woman and embody them when they

grow up and later pass them on to the

next Generation so liberal feminists

view the socialization of children into

gender roles as extremely detrimental as

they create strict ideas of of gender

that cannot be changed they argue that

education and socialization at a young

age are vital in changing the views and

changing these views that exist small

changes within societal structures are

key in adapting the way we view gender

so for example by wiping out the sexism

seen in children's media products or the

national curriculum for that for that

matter so therefore they believe that

equality between genders can be achieved

mainly through having equal

opportunities in society so some people

argue that it's already been achieved to

some uh some extent through legal and

social reform for example allowing women

to enter the workforce however it's also

important to not that women are still

discriminated against more than men and

the liberal feminists do wish to change

this so they want to see more progress

concerning equal opportunities by

encouraging more legislation like the

Equal Pay to be introduced

right then we're looking

at transitional Global feminism right so

transitional feminism is an approach to

feminism that is concerned mainly about

how globalization and capitalism affect

people's people across nationalities

races ethnicities genders classes and

sexualities and it's reinforced a range

of global movements so it recognizes

inequalities across different groups of

women and the importance of

intersectionality as a way to understand

and engage in these differences right so

while Global issues not affect women in

the same way because of these

differences the impact of these these is

power dynamics are seen to be crucial to

feminist social Justice end agendas

right and this Vision understands the

need for comprehensive approaches that

integrate multiple issues and movements

to find common cause across agendas to

ensure long-term social transformation

then you have Eco feminism so this form

of feminism views the patriarchy and its

focus and control on uh focus on control

and domination not only as a source of

form of Oppression but also as B harmful

to humanity as well as destructive of

all living creatures and the Earth in of

itself so it combin a more comprehensive

analysis of Power ofered with a greater

spiritual vision so they see women's

rights and empowerment linked to

political social cultural economic and

factors that benefit all living

creatures and mother nature in up of

hence e femin then we have Marxist and

socialist feminism right um so Marxist

and socialist feminism feminist are

grounded in Marxist and socialist ways

attributed to wom's oppression

principally the capitalistic economic

system where Global corporate power

prevails so many other feminists believe

that this form of power seen in the

class system is a crucial factor in

women subordination but see patriarchy

is the major driving force behind

women's subjugation right so it looks

like um the fact that the way in which

men are remunerated for their labor in

comparison to the way in which female

are female females maybe it's very

different that highlights the inequality

that exists within the patriarch right

then we're looking at cultural feminism

right so cultural feminism emphasizes

essential differences between men and

wom in terms of biology personality and

behavior woman is SE to have different

Superior virtues that provide the

foundation for a shared identity

solidarity and sister Since By Nature

women have been viewed as Kinder and

more gentle than men it follows that if

women were in power the world would be a

better place I think we already looked

at this but anyways my bad anyways the

last one we're going to look at is

visionary feminism right so the notion

of visionary feminism as seen and many

writings of African-American feminist uh

B bow hooks uh combines the needs to

challenge patriarchy class race and

other forms of Oppression such as

imperialism and corporate control so she

focuses on love and the role of men so

Visionary feminism is a wise and loving

politics it is rooted in the love of

male and female being the so of feminist

politics is the commitment to ending

patriarchal domination of women and

women and men girls and boys love cannot

exist in any relationship that is based

on dominance and coercion males cannot

love themselves in patriarchal culture

if their very self definition relies on

submission to patriarchal rules so this

particular like slide is something

that's very good that could form a basis

for argumentation in a feminist debate

and just

why you would want to take down

patriarchal structures when men Embrace

feminist thinking and practice which

emphasizes the value of mutual growth

and self-actualization in relationships

their emotional wellbe will be enhanced

so a genuine feminist politics always

brings us from bondage and to freedom

from lovelessness to loving I think this

is something that's very important like

this shows you the example of at the

basis of which you should form

argumentation right so it's the fact

that's saying that like your premise

could be the fact that men cannot love

themselves in patriarchal culture if

self-determined definition relies on

submission to patriarchal rules okay now

we're going to look at some evaluations

right so we're going to look through

different different types of feminism

and what people just generally think

about them right so the first one we're

looking at is radical feminism so it's

generally criticized but most modern

media like we spoke about for example

real feminism is often seen to be

overshadowed by radical feminists right

um and people found that it Wasing a

negative light in the media largely due

to sensationalized headlines about men

hating radical F uh radical feminist

rather than feminism as a whole so you

can see how it takes away from what the

movement or how this can uh warp

people's perception of what the movement

actually aims to do so some of their

beliefs are seen as extreme particularly

by the feminist which results in women

trying to separate themselves from

stigma the consequence of this division

between feminist which sociologists

argue will not help to solve the problem

of woman's oppression in particular

radical cultural feminism is seen as an

extreme as extreme and man hating so we

spoke about what radical cultural

feminism is previously um when it terms

of liberal feminism so they have ideas

that have become mainstream in the

recent decades and have helped to make

real changes in woman's life so the main

sociological critique of liberal

feminism is that it does not consider

how wide the issue of gender inequality

is right so because they focus on the

fact that everybody needs to be equal

they don't realize the intrinsic

differences that

exist that exist between inequality of

women in comparison to some inequality

that may exist for men liberal feminism

fails to acknowledge that the unequal

positions of different genders are

rooted deep with societal structures and

have existed for centuries and radical

feminists typically argue that liberal

feminism isn't ready to make more

drastic Act take more drastic action to

protect women from oppression then we

have post modern feminism right so

postmodern feminism is where some

sociologists argue that whil the

patriarchy still oppresses all women it

should be the main focus of femin of

feminism that is women should first and

foremost tackle the biggest issue of all

which is patriarchy once this has been

deal with then it will be much easier to

focus on other forms of discrimination

right so postmodern feminists choose not

to focus on the difference between

genders but rather on the differences

between

andin different groups of women they see

gender as something we come to terms

with

over the way we present ourselves to

others uh sorry through the way we

present ourselves to others so it's

fluid and dependent on the culture norms

and values of each Society so this

branch of feminism acknowledges that not

all women come from the same social

group and therefore face different

degrees of discrimination they also

argue that the conventional branch of

feminism tend to represent only white

middle class women was ignor a wom of

other backgrounds so they also highlight

how women have different experiences

life chances and opportunities due to

factors such as their social class

ethnicity religion race and sexuality so

although they all experience gender

oppression and inequality they don't

experience it in the same way so again

it's showing you a spectrum the

struggles of a white woman is not the

same as the struggles of a black woman

right um postmodern feminists therefore

want more recognition of struggles of

women from a variety of diverse

backgrounds they're concerned with how

power is distributed in society and

opportun that come along with this so we

also have a few things like what

functionist belief feminism is about

what Marxist people Marxist belief

feminism is about and what just feminist

think feminism is about okay so you guys

can we're looking at some of the goals

of the feminist movement

right um so in terms of the go of the

feminist movement um

so the first thing is rethinking Society

with feminist Theory right so this was

accomplished by among other disciplines

women studies feminist literary

criticism social feminism as well as the

feminist art movement so they look at

look through a feminist L history

politics culture economics and they

develop insight into just about every

intellectual discipline then looking at

abortion rights right so the call for

abortion On Demand is often

misunderstood and leaders uh of the

woman Liberation movement uh were clear

about the fact that women should have

reproductive uh Freedom reproductive

freedom and safe access legal abortion

right so something that's very very

important for you guys to know about is

the RO verus W because this was a very

big changing turning point in terms of

women's abortion rights and um whether

or not they had those Reproductive

Rights okay and then we're looking at

the desexing of um the English language

right so feminist help debate over

assumptions impeded in English language

that that reflect the notion of male

dominated patriarchal society language

is often centered on males assuming that

Humanity with male and women were

exceptions this looked like the use of

mutal pronoun identifying words with

gender bias inventing new words many

solutions were tried and like we still

talk about these things now right then

you have um a few other things which

looks like

education equality legislation promoting

political participation political

participation is something that's very

important so the league of wom voters

which has existed since just after women

won the vote has supported educating

women and men for that matter in inform

voting and working to promote women as

candidates that's

important um then it's also looking at

things like rethinking women's roles in

the home and um whether or not you know

they should be the ones taking care of

kids or whether they should be able to

go out and work and have a job then

we're also looking at popular culture

which is a different type um so feminist

critique the pr presence or non presence

of women in popular culture and popular

culture expanded the roles which women

help so TV shows gradually added women

in more Central and less stereotype

roles including some shows featuring

single woman who wanted more than just

to find a man right so movies also

expanded roles in female driven comic s

the Resurgence and wi audience with

Wonder Woman leading the way so this is

Al something that's very important

because you often get debates of like

you know whether you portray females in

a certain way or whether they should be

the main character in the movie and

those kind of

things then the last one uh is the

expanding of the voice of women so as

movement gain momentum pressure on the

union movement uh from the movement to

represent more jobs of a pink color jobs

mostly help a women increase so

organizations that women employed were

created for representing women in

offices and where unions were not uh

strong so yeah so it was just allowing

him to have more voice and more

leadership and be more represented

within then we're looking at sexism and

the different types of

sexism uh so with sexism uh you have

traditional sexism you have modern

sexism and neosexism so traditional

sexism refers to supporting traditional

gender roles treating women as worse

than men employing traditional

stereotypes portray women as less

competent than men mod sexism looks like

denying discrimination it is not the

problem anymore and having a negative

attitude towards women's rights denying

the validity of claims made by woman and

neosexism is a notion that refers to

ideologies that justify discrimination

towards women on the basis of

competencies so men are effectively

better competent for some things for

example managerial leadership positions

and not on Direct discrimination of

women so Defenders of this idea tend to

ignore or deny difficulties faed by

woman in society as having an influence

on

incompetencies then we're looking at

intersectionality right um so in terms

of

intersectionality um it was a term qued

by Professor Kimo that we spoke about in

previously in 1989 to describe how

different social categories interact

sometimes resulting in compounding

effects and tensions she wrote a paper

that argued that discrimination

specifically against black women is

different from General anti-woman

discrimination or anti-black racis

racism instead it involves the unique

compound experience both sexism and

racism so initially um used in the

context of discrimination or the

concepts or the Resurgence of the 24

Century among uh in the 21st century

among left wi activist who broaden

intersectionality to include categories

such as class and sexual orientation

right then we're looking at

which is just looking at a timeline of

like important events that occurred in

history um that you guys should know

about that like helped the movement

progress right so the first thing that

we saw was the Sea Falls Convention this

is one of the starting point of the

movement because this is when the 19th

amendment was passed that granted woman

the right to that was a very important

turning point in history then the next

thing um you had was the legislation of

Wyoming which passed the first women

suffrage law which granted women the

right to vote and hold office then the

next thing we have was Rosa par which

helped uh who helped launch the Civil

Rights Movement which was also very

important and you also have the FDA uh

in 1960 where they commissioned the

first pull for Reproductive Rights that

could then looking at this uh the next

thing that we're looking at is the Equal

Pay Act that JF Kennedy signed into law

which is very important in terms of the

gender pay Gap that existed and in 1973

U very very important your Ro versus way

to look at abortion rights and the right

wom half to abortion um then you have

the next one where um you have an

individual Gerald deine who

ran who was able to become vice

president and lastly in 2013 the ban

against women serving in combat

positions was removed I'm just going to

like talk you guys through like a few

countries and like the problems of like

with regards to wom laws in those

countries right the first we looking at

is Afghanistan so more than four Decades

of conflict crisis combined with

regressive gender Norms have left many

Afghan women and girls uneducated so the

reason why I'm doing this is because

like it's important to give examples in

the Bas and these are some of the

examples that you can use so those those

females who are allowed to attend school

generally didn't stay for more than 2

years and this reflects in the financial

inclusion for women in the country the

country also ranks among the highest for

gender based violence with around 35 out

of every 100 women reportedly exposed to

violence at the hands of an intimate

partner so along with a countries like

Pakistan on killings are still illegal

here but still widely prevalent within

these countries so despite it being

legal illegal they still occur then the

next country we're going to look at is

Syria right so before War broke out in

Syria in 2011 gender Dynamics were

traditionally very patriarchal the woman

only gained the right to vote in

national elections in the mid 1950s and

while they were allowed to work they

made up a very small percent of the

pre-war Workforce so many Syrian women

particularly in the country's then

thriving middle class opted to stay at

home and just raise families which

aligns with the fact that marriage in

the country is still seen as a contract

between the husband husband and the

wife's father rather than the husband

and wife

it was only in 2020 that the country

criminalized on killings 75 out of every

100,000 women are killed in organized

violence and only around 20% of women

feel safe in their own communities right

um then we can also look at South Sudan

where harmful gender Norms has as a

result of patriarchal culture have left

women excluded from decision- making and

political activity women have few

decision making Powers within the

household and lack of resource ownersh

and land rights is at the heart of power

imbalances between the

genders then lastly we look at Chad um

where early and forc marriage is still

very common and uh early marriages like

it was reported that lots of people are

within chat like just have believe that

early marriage is a custom within their

Community right um so the real danger

for the girl is idea of like getting

pregnant surgery death and even several

cases of running away that existed right

okay cool so we' now reach the end of

this and I hope you guys learn some

things yeah that's win Nationals guys

cool thank you