Every Bias Explained in 8 Minutes

The Paint Explainer
13 Dec 202308:10

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into various cognitive biases that influence human judgment and decision-making. It covers the bias blind spot, gambler's fallacy, omission bias, and several others, explaining how they shape our perceptions and actions. From the moral credential effect to the Dunning-Kruger effect, the script sheds light on the psychological phenomena that can lead to skewed interpretations of reality, offering insights into the intricacies of the human mind.

Takeaways

  • 🤓 Bias Blind Spot: The tendency to believe one is less influenced by cognitive biases than others.
  • 🎰 Gambler's Fallacy: The mistaken belief that past events influence future probabilities, despite them being independent.
  • 🚫 Omission Bias: The moral judgment that inactions are less severe than harmful actions, even if the outcomes are the same.
  • 🔄 Proportionality Bias: The assumption that significant events must have significant causes, potentially leading to conspiracy theory acceptance.
  • 🏅 Moral Credential Effect: The phenomenon where doing good allows individuals to justify less ethical behavior in the future.
  • ✅ Self-Serving Bias: Claiming more responsibility for successes than failures.
  • 📊 Framing Effect: Drawing different conclusions from the same information based on its presentation.
  • 👀 Actor-Observer Bias: Overemphasizing personality in others' actions and situational factors in one's own.
  • 🖼 Picture Superiority Effect: Visual concepts are more easily recalled than textual ones.
  • 💡 Outcome Bias: Judging decisions by their outcomes rather than the quality of decision-making at the time.
  • 🔄 Mere Exposure Effect: Developing a preference for things simply because of familiarity.
  • 🚀 Hard-Easy Effect: Overestimating ability to complete difficult tasks and underestimating easy ones.
  • 👁 Survivorship Bias: Focusing on survivors of a process and overlooking those who did not survive.
  • 🔍 Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon: Noticing something frequently after it has come to attention, creating an illusion of high frequency.
  • 📈 Availability Heuristic: Overestimating the likelihood of events based on how easily they come to mind.
  • 📊 Dunning-Kruger Effect: Unskilled individuals overestimating their abilities, while experts underestimate theirs.
  • 🌟 Halo Effect: Positive or negative traits influencing perceptions of other personality areas.
  • 🎭 Pygmalion Effect: High expectations leading to improved performance, often seen as a self-fulfilling prophecy.
  • 🚫 Decoy Effect: A third option influencing preference between two others, especially when it is asymmetrically dominated.
  • 📈 Selection Bias: Bias introduced by non-random selection of data for analysis, affecting representativeness.
  • 📍 Anchoring Bias: Relying heavily on initial information, affecting decision-making and negotiations.
  • 🔍 Confirmation Bias: Seeking, interpreting, and remembering information that confirms pre-existing beliefs.
  • 😎 Overconfidence Effect: Excessive confidence in one's own answers, often leading to incorrect assumptions.
  • 🌐 Egocentric Bias: Overestimating one's own perspective and abilities, including the False Consensus and False Uniqueness biases.
  • 📚 Information Bias: Seeking information even when it does not affect action.
  • 👁 Hindsight Bias: Perceiving past events as more predictable than they were at the time.
  • 🔮 Projection Bias: Assuming future selves will share current preferences, leading to suboptimal choices.
  • 🔗 Apophenia: Perceiving meaningful connections between unrelated things, contributing to stereotypes.
  • 📝 Serial Position Effect: Better recall of first and last items in a list compared to the middle ones.
  • 📅 Recency Bias: Giving more importance to recent events, affecting memory and decision-making.
  • ⚖️ Authority Bias: Attributing greater accuracy to the opinions of authority figures regardless of content.
  • 🍽️ Unit Bias: Consuming standard serving sizes even when they are excessive.
  • 🌐 Availability Cascade: Beliefs gaining plausibility through repetition in public discourse.
  • 🚂 Bandwagon Effect: Following the actions of others due to conformity or perceived accuracy.
  • 🕊️ Illusory Truth Effect: Identifying statements as true based on familiarity, even without conscious memory.
  • 🎤 Next in Line Effect: Diminished recall for the words of the person who spoke immediately before in a group.
  • 👥 Ingroup Bias: Favoring members of one's own group due to frequent interaction and perceived uniqueness.
  • 💡 Spotlight Effect: Overestimating how much others notice one's appearance or behavior.
  • 📈 Choice Supportive Bias: Remembering choices as better than they were due to positive attribution to selected options.
  • 🐦 Ostrich Effect: Avoiding potentially negative but useful information to prevent discomfort.
  • 🔍 Selective Perception Bias: Ignoring or forgetting stimuli that cause discomfort or contradict beliefs.
  • 📊 Peak-End Rule: Perceiving experiences based on their peak and end, rather than the overall sum.

Q & A

  • What is the bias blind spot?

    -The bias blind spot is the tendency to think that oneself is less affected by cognitive biases compared to others.

  • Can you explain the gambler's fallacy?

    -The gambler's fallacy is the tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events when in reality they are unchanged.

  • What is omission bias?

    -Omission bias is the tendency to judge harmful actions as worse or less moral than equally harmful inactions.

  • Define proportionality bias.

    -Proportionality bias is our innate tendency to assume that big events have big causes, which may also explain our tendency to accept conspiracy theories.

  • What is the moral credential effect?

    -The moral credential effect occurs when someone who does something good gives themselves permission to be less good in the future.

  • What does the self-serving bias entail?

    -The self-serving bias is the tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than failures.

  • Explain the framing effect.

    -The framing effect is the tendency to draw different conclusions from the same information depending on how that information is presented.

  • What is actor-observer bias?

    -Actor-observer bias is the tendency to explain other individuals' behaviors by overemphasizing their personality and underemphasizing their situation, while doing the opposite for oneself.

  • Describe the picture superiority effect.

    -The picture superiority effect is the notion that concepts learned by viewing pictures are more easily and frequently recalled than concepts learned by viewing their written word form counterparts.

  • What is outcome bias?

    -Outcome bias is the tendency to judge a decision by its eventual outcome instead of the quality of the decision at the time it was made.

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Ähnliche Tags
Cognitive BiasesDecision MakingPerceptionGambler's FallacyMoral JudgmentSelf-Serving BiasFraming EffectAvailability HeuristicDunning-Kruger EffectHalo EffectSurvivorship Bias
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