What is human development index
Summary
TLDRThe Human Development Index (HDI) is a United Nations metric introduced in 1990 to gauge a country's well-being beyond economic measures, focusing on life expectancy, education, and income per capita. The 2020 report highlights Norway, Ireland, and Switzerland as top performers, while Chad, the Central African Republic, and Niger lag behind. The HDI underscores the disparity in global living standards and aims to foster a world where all can thrive, emphasizing the need for collective action to improve public health, education, and living conditions, especially in the face of challenges like COVID-19.
Takeaways
- 🌟 The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure used by the United Nations to evaluate the quality of life in countries, considering life expectancy, education, and income.
- 📈 HDI was introduced in 1990 to advance human well-being by focusing on people's opportunities and choices.
- 🏥 Health is measured by life expectancy at birth, one of the three dimensions of the HDI.
- 🎓 Education is measured by years of schooling for adults and expected years for children of school-entering age.
- 💰 The standard of living is assessed by gross national income (GNI) per capita.
- 📊 HDI scores range from zero to one, with higher scores indicating a better quality of life and higher development.
- 🏆 The 2020 Human Development Report lists Norway, Ireland, and Switzerland as the top-ranking countries with the highest HDI values.
- 🔍 Economic and military powers do not always correlate with high HDI rankings, as seen with certain powerful countries not appearing at the top.
- 📉 Chad, the Central African Republic, and Niger are identified as having the lowest HDI scores, indicating the lowest levels of human development.
- 🔢 Significant disparities exist between high and low HDI countries in terms of life expectancy, education, and income.
- 🌐 The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to widen the gap between high and low HDI countries due to increased inequality.
- 🤝 The purpose of measuring HDI annually is to help improve the quality of life in low-ranking countries and promote global prosperity and peace.
Q & A
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
-The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure used by the United Nations to evaluate the quality of life in countries around the world, taking into account life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
When was the HDI first introduced?
-The HDI was first introduced in 1990 as part of a new approach for advancing human well-being.
What are the three dimensions measured by the HDI?
-The HDI measures human well-being on three dimensions: health (life expectancy at birth), education (years of schooling for adults and expected years for children), and standard of living (gross national income per capita).
How is the HDI value calculated?
-The HDI is a measurement between zero and one, with the closer value to one indicating a higher quality of life and degree of development.
What is the significance of the annual Human Development Report?
-The annual Human Development Report, published by the United Nations Development Program, evaluates the quality of life of countries using the HDI and helps to identify areas for improvement.
Which countries ranked at the top according to the 2019 HDI values?
-According to the 2019 HDI values, Norway ranked number one, followed by Ireland and Switzerland at number two, and Hong Kong at number three.
Why might powerful countries not rank at the top in the HDI?
-Powerful countries might not rank at the top in the HDI because their high economic and military powers do not necessarily translate to a high quality of life for their citizens.
Which countries ranked the lowest in the HDI?
-Chad, the Central African Republic, and Niger ranked the lowest in the HDI, indicating the lowest level of human development.
What is the difference in life expectancy between the highest and lowest ranking countries in the 2019 HDI?
-The difference in life expectancy between the highest ranking country, Norway (82.4 years), and the lowest ranking country, Niger (62.4 years), is 20 years.
How does the difference in years of schooling between Norway and Niger reflect the disparity in education?
-The difference in years of schooling between Norway (12.9 years) and Niger (12.1 years), although small, indicates a significant disparity in educational opportunities and resources.
What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HDI?
-The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to widen the gap between high and low ranking countries in the HDI due to increased inequality and its effects on public health, education, and the economy.
Why is it important to measure the HDI every year?
-Measuring the HDI every year is important not just to rank countries but to help raise the HDI of low-ranking countries and work towards a more equitable and prosperous world.
Outlines
🌍 Introduction to Human Development Index (HDI)
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure introduced by the United Nations in 1990 to assess the quality of life across countries, beyond economic metrics like GDP and GNI. It evaluates life expectancy, education, and standard of living, offering a more holistic view of development. The HDI is calculated based on life expectancy at birth, years of schooling for adults, expected years of schooling for children, and gross national income per capita. The annual Human Development Report ranks countries on this index, with a score between zero and one, where one represents the highest level of human development.
🏆 Top Ranking Countries in HDI
The December 2020 Human Development Report highlights the top-ranking countries based on the 2019 HDI values. Norway leads the list, followed by Ireland and Switzerland, with Hong Kong in third place. These countries demonstrate high levels of human development, which may not necessarily correlate with economic or military power. The report suggests that even powerful nations may not rank high due to a lower quality of life for their citizens.
🔍 The Contrast in Human Development
The script contrasts the highest and lowest ranking countries in terms of HDI. Chad, the Central African Republic, and Niger are at the bottom of the list, indicating the lowest levels of human development. The disparities are stark, with Norway's life expectancy at 82.4 years compared to Niger's 62.4 years, and a significant difference in years of schooling and GNI per capita. The script emphasizes the challenges faced by these countries in providing basic needs such as income, education, public health, and a better environment.
🌐 The Impact of COVID-19 and the Pursuit of Peace
The script discusses the potential widening gap between high and low HDI countries due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests that increased inequality can lead to a more distant world from peace. The purpose of measuring the HDI annually is not to create a ranking hierarchy but to assist in improving the conditions of low-ranking countries. The script calls for collective action to enhance public health, education, and living standards in countries with lower HDI scores, aiming to create a more equitable and peaceful world.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Human Development Index (HDI)
💡Economic Growth
💡Life Expectancy
💡Education
💡Standard of Living
💡United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
💡Quality of Life
💡Inequality
💡Peace
💡COVID-19
💡Prosperity
Highlights
The Human Development Index (HDI) evaluates how developed a country is by considering life expectancy, education, and income.
HDI was introduced in 1990 as a new approach for advancing human well-being by focusing on people's opportunities and choices.
HDI measures three dimensions: health (life expectancy at birth), education (years of schooling), and standard of living (GNI per capita).
The annual Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program evaluates countries' quality of life using the HDI.
HDI ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating a higher quality of life and degree of development.
According to the 2019 HDI values, Norway ranks number one, Ireland second, and Switzerland third.
Countries with high economic and military powers do not always have the highest HDI ranking.
Chad, the Central African Republic, and Niger ranked the lowest in human development.
Life expectancy in Norway is 82.4 years, compared to 62.4 years in Niger, showing a 20-year difference.
Norway has 12.9 years of schooling, while Niger has 12.1 years, indicating an 11-year difference.
GNI per capita in Norway is $46,000, 55 times greater than Niger's $1,201.
Low-ranking countries face significant gaps in income, education, public health, and environment compared to high-ranking countries.
COVID-19 is expected to further widen the gap between high and low-ranking countries.
Measuring HDI annually helps raise the index of low-ranking countries to create a better world for everyone.
Peace and prosperity require collective efforts to improve public health, education, and living standards in low HDI countries.
Transcripts
[Music]
what is the human development index
there are various standards that can be
used to evaluate how developed a country
is
a country's economic growth as measured
by gdp and gni can be
used or the average life expectancy
living in a country with high gdp and
long average life expectancy can provide
conditions to ensure happiness
and it's more likely that you will live
comfortably enjoying the advantages of
modern civilization
however we cannot evaluate happiness on
the standard of wealth alone
that is why the united nations uses a
summary measure that takes into account
how long a baby is expected to live when
born
the number of expected years and average
years of schooling and average income of
the country's people
to evaluate the quality of life of
countries in the world
this measure is known as the human
development index or hdi
the hdi was first introduced in 1990 as
part of a new approach for advancing
human well-being
the new approach is about expanding the
richness of human life by focusing on
people and their opportunities and
choices
specifically the hdi measures human
well-being on three dimensions
first health is measured by life
expectancy at birth second education is
measured by means of years of schooling
for adults aged 25 years and more and
expected years of schooling for children
of school entering age
third the standard of living is measured
by gross national income per capita
the annual human development report
published by the united nations
development program evaluates the
quality of life of countries in the
world using the hdi
the hdi is a measurement between zero
and one
the closer it is to one the higher the
quality of life and degree of
development
let's take a look at the human
development report published in december
2020
here are the top ranking countries
according to 2019 hdi values
norway ranks number one
ireland and switzerland ranked number
two
and hong kong ranked number three these
countries have the highest level of
human development
something seems a little odd doesn't it
countries we usually consider as the
world's most powerful do not appear in
the top ranks
why
it is probably because while those
countries enjoy high economic and
military powers their citizens quality
of life is not as high
on the other end of the spectrum
chad central african republic and niger
ranked the lowest these countries have
the lowest level of human development
let's think about the issues of these
countries
[Music]
life expectancy at birth in the highest
ranking country
norway is 82.4 years
whereas in the lowest ranking country
niger is 62.4 years that's a difference
of 20 years
[Music]
main years of schooling in norway is
12.9 years compared to that of niger
which is 12.1 years or a difference of
almost 11 years
furthermore the gni per capita in norway
is
four dollars 66
norway which is fifty five times greater
than that of niger which is one thousand
two hundred one dollars
the citizens of the low ranking
countries are living a life
that is far behind what humanity can
enjoy in the 21st century in terms of
income education public health and
environment
the gap between these and high ranking
countries is expected to further widen
due to coving 19.
when inequality increases the world
moves farther away from peace
the reason the human development index
is measured every year is not to simply
rank the countries in order but to help
raise the hdi of low-ranking countries
to create a better world where everyone
can prosper together
peace does not come about automatically
it is something that we need to create
together
let us all work together to help the low
hdi ranking countries raise the quality
of public health education and standard
of living of their citizens
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