¿Qué es la OFERTA? (tabla, curva y ley de la oferta)
Summary
TLDRIn today's class, the concept of supply in economics is discussed, focusing on the relationship between price and the quantity of goods producers are willing to sell. The script clarifies misconceptions about supply, using the example of a dairy farmer choosing between selling milk or cheese based on price changes. It illustrates how higher prices typically lead to increased supply, as producers aim to maximize profits. The lecture introduces the supply table and curve, showing the positive correlation between price and quantity supplied, and concludes with the law of supply, which states that all else being equal, an increase in price will lead to an increase in the quantity supplied.
Takeaways
- 📘 The lesson discusses the concept of supply in the context of goods and services, emphasizing the intention to sell as a key component of supply.
- 💡 The quantity supplied is primarily dependent on the price, with higher prices typically leading to a greater willingness to sell.
- 🔄 Contrary to a common misconception, firms may actually reduce the supply of a product when its price decreases, as illustrated by the example of a dairy farmer choosing between selling milk or cheese.
- 🐄 The example of a dairy farmer shows that the decision to supply more of a product is influenced by the price relative to production costs and potential profit.
- 📈 The supply curve graphically represents the relationship between price and the quantity supplied, typically showing an upward slope indicating a positive correlation.
- 📊 The supply schedule is a summary of sellers' intentions to sell at various prices, which can be visualized on the supply curve.
- 🌐 The overall supply of a country's milk, for instance, can be represented in a supply table that shows how much milk producers are willing to offer at each price point.
- 📈 As prices increase, the quantity supplied also increases, demonstrating the positive relationship between price and supply, known as the law of supply.
- 📉 Conversely, if the price of a product decreases, the quantity supplied is expected to decrease as well, according to the law of supply.
- 🔍 The lesson introduces the concept that other factors besides price can influence supply, hinting at future discussions on shifts in the supply curve.
- 🔑 The takeaway from the lesson is that understanding supply involves recognizing the impact of price on sellers' intentions to sell and the resulting quantity supplied.
Q & A
What is the primary factor that determines the quantity supplied of a good?
-The primary factor that determines the quantity supplied of a good is the price of the good. As the price increases, suppliers are generally willing to supply more, and as the price decreases, they are willing to supply less.
What is the difference between wanting to sell a product and having an intention to sell a product?
-Wanting to sell a product is a general desire to get rid of inventory, while having an intention to sell a product means having a specific plan or strategy to sell the product at a certain price.
Why might a dairy farmer prefer to sell milk instead of cheese if the price of milk increases?
-A dairy farmer might prefer to sell milk instead of cheese if the price of milk increases because they can make more profit per unit sold, assuming the price of cheese remains the same.
How does the price change of a product affect the supplier's decision to produce more or less of it?
-When the price of a product increases, suppliers are incentivized to produce more to take advantage of the higher profit margins. Conversely, if the price decreases, suppliers may reduce production to avoid losses.
What is the general rule regarding the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied?
-The general rule is that there is a positive relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied. As the price increases, the quantity supplied also increases, and vice versa.
What is the purpose of a supply schedule or table in economics?
-A supply schedule or table summarizes the quantity that suppliers are willing to offer at each price level. It reflects the intentions of sellers to sell their goods at various prices.
How is the supply curve graphically represented, and what does its slope indicate?
-The supply curve is graphically represented on a coordinate plane with the price of the good on the vertical axis and the quantity supplied on the horizontal axis. A positively sloped supply curve indicates that as the price increases, the quantity supplied also increases.
What is the Law of Supply, and how does it relate to the behavior of suppliers?
-The Law of Supply states that, all else being equal, an increase in the price of a good will lead to an increase in the quantity supplied, and a decrease in price will lead to a decrease in the quantity supplied. It explains the behavior of suppliers in response to price changes.
What factors other than price can influence the quantity supplied, as hinted in the script?
-While the script does not detail these factors, other factors that can influence the quantity supplied include production costs, technology, the number of suppliers, and government policies.
How can the supply curve shift, and what might cause such a shift?
-The supply curve can shift either to the right (an increase in supply) or to the left (a decrease in supply). Shifts can be caused by changes in production costs, technological advancements, the number of suppliers, or other non-price factors.
What will be the focus of the next class according to the script?
-The next class will focus on other factors that can influence the quantity supplied, beyond just the price of the good. It will explore what can cause movements or shifts in the supply curve.
Outlines
🛒 Understanding Supply in Economics
This paragraph discusses the concept of supply in economics, emphasizing the intention to sell a good at a certain price. It clarifies that contrary to common belief, firms do not necessarily want to sell more of a product when it's cheaper; instead, they adjust their supply based on profitability. The example of a dairy farmer choosing between selling milk or cheese at different prices illustrates how supply is directly related to price. As prices increase, the incentive to produce and sell more increases, and vice versa. The paragraph also introduces the supply schedule and supply curve, which graphically represent the relationship between price and the quantity supplied, showing a positive correlation.
📈 The Law of Supply and Its Graphical Representation
The second paragraph delves into the Law of Supply, which states that there is a positive relationship between the price of a product and the quantity supplied. If the price of a product increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity supplied will also increase, and if the price decreases, the quantity supplied will decrease as well. The paragraph uses a graphical example to demonstrate this relationship, showing how an increase in price from 0.50 to 1.50 leads to an increase in the quantity supplied from 300 to 600. The supply curve is described as having a positive slope, indicating that as price rises, so does the quantity supplied. The paragraph concludes with a teaser for the next class, where additional factors influencing supply will be discussed.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Supply
💡Price
💡Quantity Supplied
💡Intention to Sell
💡Product
💡Dairy Farmer
💡Milk
💡Cheese
💡Offer Curve
💡Law of Supply
Highlights
The class discusses the concept of supply of a good, emphasizing the intention to sell as a key component.
Supply is defined as the amount that businesses are willing to offer or sell at a certain price.
A common misconception is clarified: businesses tend to sell more of a product when its price is higher, not lower.
An example of a dairy farmer choosing between selling milk or cheese based on price illustrates the principle of supply.
The general rule is that higher prices lead to a greater quantity supplied, and vice versa.
The supply of milk in a country is used as an example to explain how the quantity supplied changes with price.
A hypothetical supply table for milk is introduced, showing the quantity supplied at various prices.
The supply table is a summary of the selling intentions of dairy farmers in the country.
As price increases, the quantity supplied also increases, indicating a positive relationship between price and supply.
The supply curve is introduced as a graphical representation of the different quantities supplied at each price.
The supply curve is drawn with price on the vertical axis and quantity supplied on the horizontal axis.
Each point on the supply curve represents a combination of price and quantity supplied.
The supply curve is shown to be upward-sloping, indicating a positive slope.
An increase in price leads to an increase in the quantity supplied, as demonstrated by moving along the supply curve.
The positive relationship between price and quantity supplied is known as the law of supply.
The law of supply states that if the price of a product increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity supplied will also increase.
The class will continue in the next session to explore other factors that can influence the quantity supplied.
Students will learn about movements along and shifts in the supply curve in future lessons.
Transcripts
en la clase de hoy vamos a hablar de la
oferta de un bien y lo primero que se te
tiene que venir a la mente cuando ibas a
hablar de oferta es querer vender algo
es decir tener intención de venta algo
que ocurría con la cantidad demandada
cuando nosotros hablamos de cantidad
ofertada esta va a depender
principalmente del precio es decir que
podemos definir la oferta de un bien
como la cantidad que las empresas están
dispuestas a ofrecer oa vender a un
precio determinado aquí tenemos que
hacer una aclaración porque en muchas
ocasiones los alumnos se piensan que las
empresas querrán vender más de un
producto cuando éste sea más barato y
sin embargo es todo lo contrario porque
recuerda que oferta es tener intención
de venta
imagínate que un ganadero tiene vacas y
que puede producir o bien leche o bien
queso y ahora suponemos que está
vendiendo ambos productos a un precio de
un euro cada uno
si le decimos a este ganadero que el
precio de la leche sube a cinco euros el
del queso se mantiene un euro y le
preguntamos oye qué prefieres vender
leche o vender que eso nos va a decir
hombre si la leche vale en cinco euros
ya el queso se mantiene uno
yo prefiero vender leche porque voy a
ganar más dinero
por lo tanto normal es que produzcan
menos queso y aumente la cantidad
ofertada de leche por el contrario si yo
le digo ahora que el precio del queso se
mantiene un euro y que el precio de la
leche baja hasta 0 20 y le digo que
prefieres vender queso o vender leche me
va a decir hombre la leche a 0 20 no me
interesa porque por ese precio
yo voy a perder dinero y lo normal es
que aumente lo que sería su oferta de
queso y disminuya su cantidad ofertada
de leche por lo tanto la regla general
es que cuanto mayor es el precio de un
bien las empresas querrán vender más es
decir su cantidad ofertada será mayor y
cuanto menor sea el precio de ese bien
las empresas querrán vender menos es
decir su cantidad ofertada será menor
pues ahora vamos a suponer que hablamos
de la oferta de la leche de un país es
decir la cantidad que todos los
ganaderos de ese país estarían
dispuestos a ofrecer a cada precio
determinado en la pizarra yo he puesto
la tabla de oferta de la leche de un
país imaginario que nos va a mostrar
cuál sería la cantidad ofertada de leche
de todos los ganaderos de este país para
cada precio determinado aquí debe quedar
claro que la tabla de oferta es un
resumen del plan de intención de venta
de los ganaderos de este país es decir
que si el precio de la leche fuera de un
euro entonces la cantidad ofertada es
decir la cantidad que los ganaderos de
este país tienen intención de vender
sería de 500 millones de litros y si por
cualquier casual el precio subiera a 150
en ese caso la cantidad ofertada subiría
hasta 600 millones de litros fíjate como
a medida que el precio aumenta como los
ganaderos ven que pueden ganar un mayor
beneficio su cantidad ofertada va
subiendo dejando claro que esto es
una intención de venta oye nosotros
queremos vender más pero ya veremos si a
ese precio podremos hacerlo o no toda
esta información de la tabla de oferta
la podemos ver igualmente en la curva de
oferta que es la representación gráfica
de las diferentes cantidades ofertadas
para cada precio para dibujarlo lo
primero ponemos los dos ejes y en el eje
vertical ponemos el precio del producto
en este caso el precio de la leche y el
eje horizontal ponemos la cantidad de
oferta en este caso millones de litros
de leche cada punto de la gráfica
corresponde a una combinación diferente
de cantidad ofertada y precio de la
leche por ejemplo si nosotros nos
situamos en este punto de aquí este es
el que corresponde a el precio 0 50
cantidad ofertada 300 por qué porque si
nosotros en este punto nos venimos hacia
el eje vertical del precio podemos
comprobar como el precio es de 0 50 y si
bajamos hacia el eje de la cantidad
ofertada vemos aquí que es de 300
millones de litros igualmente este punto
de aquí sería el corresponde a la
combinación precio 150 cantidad ofertada
600 porque de nuevo si nos venimos hacia
el eje del precio podemos comprobar que
éste es de 150 y si bajamos hacia lo que
sería la cantidad ofertada vemos que
corresponde a 600 millones si señalamos
todas las combinaciones y luego unimos
los puntos tenemos la curva de oferta
que como podemos comprobar es creciente
es decir que tiene pendiente positiva
cuando nosotros en una gráfica tenemos
una curva creciente eso significa que
las dos variables de los ejes van en la
misma dirección es decir que si una sube
la otra también va a subir esta relación
la podemos ver de manera muy clara en la
gráfica
imagínate que empezamos con un precio de
0 50 pero que cualquier motivo tenemos
un aumento de precio de manera que éste
pasa a 150 vamos a ver qué ocurre con la
cantidad ofertada con este aumento del
precio bueno cuando era él
de 050 vimos que esta cantidad ofertada
se correspondía con 300 pero ahora si
vemos que a medida que va aumentando el
precio si seguimos la curva de oferta
podemos ver cómo a medida que el precio
sube la cantidad ofertada va subiendo
hasta llegar a este precio de 150 donde
la cantidad ofertada vimos coincidía
exactamente con 600 es decir que hemos
pasado de una cantidad ofertada de 300 a
una de 600 por lo tanto vemos que se
cumple que hay una relación positiva es
decir a medida que el precio sube
también va a subir la cantidad ofertada
esta relación positiva es lo que se
conoce como la ley de la oferta que lo
que nos dice es que si el precio de un
producto sube y todos los demás factores
permanece igual entonces la cantidad
ofertada también subirá y al contrario
si por lo que sea el precio de un
producto baja entonces la cantidad
ofertada también disminuirá y con esta
ley de la oferta
vamos por hoy en la siguiente clase
vamos a ver que además del precio hay
otros factores que pueden influir en
esta cantidad ofertada y vamos a
aprender qué puede ocurrir para que haya
movimientos o desplazamientos en esta
curva de oferta así que nos vemos como
siempre en la siguiente clase
Weitere ähnliche Videos ansehen
Law of supply | Supply, demand, and market equilibrium | Microeconomics | Khan Academy
Permintaan, Penawaran, dan Keseimbangan Pasar - Materi Ekonomi SMA dan Ujian Mandiri
Price of the Commodity || Factors Affecting Supply (Part-1)
HUKUM PERMINTAAN PENAWARAN
Macro 1.5 - Supply - NEW!
Price elasticity of supply
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)