Latihan Soal UJIAN SEKOLAH (US/ASAJ) BIOLOGI Kelas 12 Kurikulum Merdeka & Pembahasan Tahun 2026

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive review for 12th-grade Biology students following the 2026 Kurikulum Merdeka. It covers key concepts such as enzymes, respiration, protein synthesis, DNA structure, mitosis, meiosis, Mendelian genetics, biotechnological applications, nitrogen fixation, animal adaptations, taxonomy, viruses, plant and animal examples, xylem function, and human excretory systems. Each topic is presented through multiple-choice questions, complete with correct answers and detailed explanations, allowing students to reinforce their understanding and prepare effectively for school assessments or summative evaluations.

Takeaways

• 😀 Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions, speeding up processes without being consumed.
• 😀 The correct sequence of aerobic respiration is Glycolysis → Formation of Acetyl-CoA → Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport Chain.
• 😀 Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
• 😀 Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA.
• 😀 DNA has a double-stranded structure, uses thymine to pair with adenine, and is located in the cell nucleus; its sugar is deoxyribose.
• 😀 Glucose is the monosaccharide that serves as the building block of carbohydrates.
• 😀 Mitosis progresses in the order: Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase.
• 😀 Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells and allows for genetic recombination through crossing over.
• 😀 Mendel's first law, the Law of Segregation, states that alleles separate during gamete formation.
• 😀 Biotechnological applications in agriculture include creating transgenic plants with desirable traits.
• 😀 Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, making it available for plants.
• 😀 Morphological adaptations in animals, such as variations in bird lungs, correspond to environmental needs.
• 😀 The taxonomic hierarchy from highest to lowest is Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.
• 😀 Viruses are acellular, contain either DNA or RNA, are very small, and cannot reproduce independently.
• 😀 Influenza is an example of a disease caused by a virus.
• 😀 Monocot plants, such as rice, have a single cotyledon in their seeds.
• 😀 Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves in plants.
• 😀 The reproductive structure of ferns is the sorus, which contains sporangia.
• 😀 Invertebrate animals, like worms, lack a backbone.
• 😀 The human excretory system functions to remove metabolic waste from the body.

Q & A

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts, accelerating biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

What is the correct sequence of aerobic respiration stages?

The correct sequence is glycolysis → formation of acetyl-CoA → Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) → electron transport chain.

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?

Ribosomes are the organelles where protein synthesis occurs in a cell.

What is the process of transcription?

Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA.

What are the key characteristics of DNA?

DNA is double-stranded, contains the nitrogenous base thymine that pairs with adenine, and is located in the cell nucleus. Its sugar is deoxyribose, not ribose.

What monosaccharide serves as the monomer for carbohydrates?

Glucose is the monosaccharide that acts as the basic building block of carbohydrates.

What is the function of meiosis, and what does it produce?

Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in gametes, producing four haploid daughter cells, which allows for genetic variation including crossing over.

Give an example of biotechnological application in agriculture.

An example is transgenic plants, which are genetically modified to have desirable traits such as pest resistance or higher yield.

What role do Rhizobium bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which can then be used by plants for growth.

What is an example of a morphological adaptation in animals?

The variation in the structure of the lungs of finches is a morphological adaptation that suits different feeding habits and environments.

What is the correct taxonomic hierarchy from highest to lowest?

The correct order is Kingdom → Phylum (or Division for plants) → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.

What are the characteristics of viruses?

Viruses are acellular, contain either DNA or RNA but not both, are very small, and cannot reproduce independently without a host.

Which disease is caused by a virus according to the transcript?

Influenza is caused by the influenza virus.

Provide an example of a monocotyledonous plant.

Rice (padi) is an example of a monocot plant with a single seed leaf.

Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting water and minerals?

Xylem is the plant tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

What is the reproductive structure of ferns?

The sorus, which is a cluster of sporangia, functions as the reproductive structure in ferns.

Give an example of an invertebrate animal.

Worms (cacing) are examples of invertebrate animals that lack a backbone.

What is the main function of the human excretory system?

The excretory system removes metabolic waste products from the body.