Kuliah Metodologi Komunikasi: WAWANCARA - PROF RK (RACHMAT KRIYANTONO)

Summary

This video script provides a detailed introduction to various types of interviews used in data collection for research. It explains different paradigms of social science research, such as positivism and constructivism, and how they influence the choice of interview techniques. The types discussed include unstructured, structured, semi-structured, and in-depth interviews, each with its own methodological applications and benefits. The script emphasizes the importance of rapport-building in qualitative research, the relationship between interview style and research paradigm, and provides insightful examples for applying these techniques effectively in communication studies and qualitative research.

Takeaways

• 😀 The session begins with a greeting and a prayer for the ease of learning and blessings in acquiring knowledge, with respect for both Muslim and non-Muslim students.
• 😀 The lecture focuses on various interview techniques used in qualitative research, particularly highlighting the impact of different research paradigms on the data collection process.
• 😀 Paradigms in social science research can be divided into four main types: positivistic, constructivistic, a blend of both (positivistic), and critical paradigms.
• 😀 Different research paradigms influence the types of interviews used: positivistic paradigms favor structured interviews, while constructivistic paradigms prefer unstructured or semi-structured interviews.
• 😀 A preliminary or informal interview is used to establish rapport between the researcher and the informant, building trust and allowing for honest communication.
• 😀 Structured interviews follow a specific guide or schedule of questions and are common in positivistic, quantitative research. They are designed to be systematic and controlled.
• 😀 Semi-structured interviews allow flexibility, where the interviewer has a set of questions but can adapt based on responses, often used in constructivist research for deeper understanding.
• 😀 In-depth interviews are conducted repeatedly over time, providing intensive and detailed insights, usually associated with constructivist research paradigms.
• 😀 The importance of rapport in qualitative research is highlighted, as it ensures trust and openness from the informant, enabling the researcher to gather authentic responses.
• 😀 The session concludes with students being encouraged to read additional literature and research journals to deepen their understanding and answer reflective questions posed during the lecture.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the lecture in the provided transcript?

The primary focus of the lecture is on data collection techniques in research, specifically various types of interviews used in qualitative and quantitative research. The lecture discusses different paradigms (positivistic, constructivist, etc.) and how they influence the interview process.

Why is building rapport important in interviews, particularly for researchers using a constructivist paradigm?

Building rapport is essential in constructivist research to establish trust and comfort with informants. It ensures that the informants feel confident in providing honest and open answers, thereby improving the quality of data collected.

What are the main differences between structured and unstructured interviews?

Structured interviews are highly organized with a predetermined set of questions and are typically associated with positivistic paradigms, aiming for systematic data collection. Unstructured interviews, on the other hand, are informal, flexible, and used to build rapport with informants or in exploratory research, often seen in constructivist approaches.

How does a semi-structured interview differ from a fully structured or unstructured interview?

A semi-structured interview blends both structured and unstructured elements. It involves a predefined set of questions but allows for flexibility, enabling the interviewer to ask follow-up questions or explore topics in more depth based on the informant's responses.

What is the role of a researcher in a semi-structured interview?

In a semi-structured interview, the researcher uses a guide or list of questions but has the freedom to adapt the conversation based on the informant’s answers. This approach allows the researcher to explore specific areas in more depth and gather richer data.

What is the purpose of an in-depth interview in qualitative research?

An in-depth interview aims to gather detailed, comprehensive data through direct and repeated interactions with the informant. The goal is to achieve a deep understanding of the informant's experiences, motivations, and perspectives, often over several interview sessions.

What is the significance of non-verbal communication in in-depth interviews?

Non-verbal communication, such as facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice, plays a crucial role in in-depth interviews. Researchers observe these cues to gain additional insights into the informant’s feelings or attitudes, which can complement the verbal responses.

What does the principle of 'saturation' mean in qualitative research?

The principle of saturation refers to the point at which no new information or themes emerge from additional data collection. Researchers use this principle to determine when they have collected sufficient data to answer the research questions.

Why are interviews in constructivist research often repeated and intensive?

Interviews in constructivist research are repeated and intensive to ensure that the researcher can fully understand the informant’s perspective. These interviews allow for deeper exploration of issues and help uncover rich, nuanced data over time.

What is the difference between a 'respondent' and an 'informant' in qualitative research?

A respondent typically refers to someone who answers a set of predefined questions, while an informant provides more open-ended, in-depth responses and plays an active role in sharing their experiences and knowledge, often over multiple interactions.