Sejarah Praktik Berdemokrasi di Indonesia - Bu Wini

Summary

The video explores Indonesia's political and economic history, focusing on the early years of independence. It discusses the evolution of democratic practices, including the introduction of representative democracy post-independence, the shift to liberal democracy in 1950, and the later implementation of guided democracy by Soekarno. The script also highlights the political instability leading to the 1965 coup and the rise of Suharto, whose Pancasila democracy lasted until 1998. The video concludes with Indonesia's transition to direct presidential elections in 2004, marking a significant change in its democratic processes.

Takeaways

• 😀 Democracy is a system of government where the people hold the highest sovereignty, either directly or through representatives.
• 😀 The origins of democracy trace back to ancient Greece, specifically Athens, and the term 'democracy' means 'government by the people'.
• 😀 There are two main types of democracy: direct democracy, where citizens actively participate in decision-making, and representative democracy, where people elect representatives.
• 😀 Most countries with a republican form of government, such as presidential or parliamentary systems, adopt democracy.
• 😀 One of the fundamental principles of democracy is the trias politica, which divides power into three branches: executive, legislative, and judiciary, with checks and balances between them.
• 😀 Indonesia has upheld democracy, and since independence, it has followed representative democracy as its core system of governance.
• 😀 In 1950, Indonesia implemented a temporary constitution, resulting in a model of pure parliamentary or liberal democracy, which led to political instability.
• 😀 The re-implementation of the 1945 Constitution and the Presidential Decree of 1959 brought about the implementation of guided democracy, which aligned more with the state ideology of Pancasila.
• 😀 Guided democracy strengthened communist influence in Indonesia, which contributed to political and social instability, culminating in the tragic events of the 1965 G30S/PKI movement.
• 😀 After the fall of Sukarno, Suharto introduced the Pancasila democracy, which emphasized consensus-building and lasted for around 32 years until Suharto's resignation in 1998.
• 😀 In 2004, Indonesia shifted to a direct election system for the president and vice president, where they are now chosen by the people through elections.

Q & A

What is democracy, and how was it first implemented?

Democracy is a system of government where the people hold the highest sovereignty, either directly or through representatives. It was first implemented in ancient Greece by the city-state of Athens.

What are the two types of democracy mentioned in the script?

The two types of democracy are direct democracy, where all citizens participate in decision-making, and representative democracy, where citizens elect their representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

What is the principle of trias politica, and how does it function?

The principle of trias politica divides power into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. These branches are independent and work in a system of checks and balances to control each other.

How has Indonesia practiced democracy since its independence?

Since independence, Indonesia has adhered to representative democracy, where the highest power rests with the people, who delegate it to their representatives in the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).

What significant change occurred in Indonesia's political system in 1950?

In 1950, under President Soekarno's government, Indonesia implemented a temporary constitution, which led to the adoption of a liberal democracy or pure parliamentary democracy model.

Why did Indonesia shift from liberal democracy to guided democracy?

The liberal democracy model led to political instability, prompting the re-implementation of the 1945 Constitution and the Presidential Decree 5-7-1959, resulting in the introduction of guided democracy under Soekarno's leadership.

What was the role of communism in Indonesia's guided democracy period?

Guided democracy led to an increase in communist influence in Indonesia, culminating in the September 30, 1965 Movement, which was a tragic event involving ideological conflict and political instability.

What happened after the September 30, 1965 Movement?

The September 30, 1965 Movement ended President Soekarno's government, and Suharto replaced him, leading to the implementation of Pancasila democracy, which emphasized deliberation and consensus.

How long did the Pancasila democracy model last, and who implemented it?

The Pancasila democracy model, implemented by President Suharto, lasted for approximately 32 years, from the 1960s until Suharto's resignation in May 1998.

How did the political system in Indonesia change after 1998?

After 1998, with Suharto's resignation, Indonesia entered a period of reform, and Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie became president. The major change was that the president and vice president were elected directly by the people starting in 2004.