Hukum penetapan Harga (tas'ir) dan Monopoli (Ihtikar) dalam Islam

Summary

This video discusses the Islamic perspective on price setting (penetapan harga) and hoarding (penimbunan), exploring both concepts within the context of economic practices. It highlights Islamic rulings on government intervention in price control and the moral issues surrounding hoarding to manipulate prices. Different Islamic schools of thought, such as Shafi'i, Hambali, Maliki, and Hanafi, present varying opinions on these matters, particularly when market manipulation occurs. The discussion emphasizes fairness, social welfare, and ethical conduct in economic activities, underscoring the importance of ensuring that both buyers and sellers are treated justly in the marketplace.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of price control or price setting is discussed, where the government sets a price for certain commodities to prevent excessive inflation and ensure fairness for buyers and sellers.
• 😀 A hadith from Anas Ibn Malik is shared, stating that price setting is ultimately in the hands of Allah, and not the government's responsibility, unless there is a clear necessity.
• 😀 Some scholars believe that price setting goes against individual freedom in economic activities and can be harmful to the market, leading to price manipulation and scarcity of goods.
• 😀 The main argument against price setting is that it can create an imbalance between buyers and sellers, making it difficult for people in need, particularly the poor, to afford basic commodities.
• 😀 There is a discussion on the differing views among Islamic schools of thought, with the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools completely prohibiting price setting, while the Maliki and Hanafi schools allow it under certain circumstances.
• 😀 The permissibility of price setting by the government is allowed in specific cases, such as when there is market manipulation or hoarding, which causes drastic price increases and scarcity.
• 😀 The value of interpreting the hadith in a modern context is emphasized, where price setting during crises or economic disruptions is seen as permissible to protect public welfare.
• 😀 The principle of mutual consent in transactions is upheld, with emphasis on voluntary trade as prescribed in the Quran (Surah An-Nisa, Ayat 29), ensuring fairness in business dealings.
• 😀 The concept of hoarding (Ihtikar) is explained, which refers to purchasing goods and withholding them from the market to artificially inflate prices. This is considered sinful and harmful to society.
• 😀 Ulama provided guidelines for when hoarding is considered a crime, including situations where the goods are stored in excess of personal needs, especially when people are in dire need of them.
• 😀 Hoarding is condemned in Islamic law because it leads to hardship in society and can increase economic inequality, with warnings against exploiting shortages for personal profit.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the transcript?

The main topic discussed is the concept of price setting (penetapan harga) and hoarding (alih Tiger) in the context of Islamic economics.

What does 'penetapan harga' (price setting) mean in the context of this discussion?

'Penetapan harga' refers to the government setting a price for certain commodities to prevent excessive price hikes and ensure fairness for both sellers and buyers.

What is the Islamic perspective on government intervention in price setting?

According to the hadith cited in the transcript, some scholars argue that government intervention in price setting is not allowed as it interferes with the free market, which is considered a natural part of economic activity.

What is the hadith mentioned about price setting, and what does it imply?

The hadith narrated by Anas Ibn Malik mentions that when people asked the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to intervene in price setting, he explained that it is Allah who controls prices and that humans should not force price regulations, as it could lead to injustice in commerce.

How do different Islamic schools of thought view price setting?

The Shafi'i and Hambali schools of thought forbid government price setting, arguing it goes against economic freedom. The Maliki and Hanafi schools allow price setting in cases of extreme price inflation, especially when it harms the public.

What are the potential negative consequences of price setting, according to some scholars?

Some scholars argue that price setting could lead to shortages of goods in the market, as sellers may withhold items. It could also result in market distortions, with wealthy buyers using illegal markets to purchase goods at inflated prices.

What is the condition under which price setting is allowed according to the transcript?

Price setting is allowed if there is manipulation or hoarding by traders, such as when goods are withheld from the market to create artificial shortages and price hikes.

What is 'alih Tiger' or hoarding, and why is it problematic?

'Alih Tiger' or hoarding refers to purchasing goods and withholding them from the market to inflate prices. It is considered harmful because it creates scarcity, leading to difficulties for the general public and harming the economy.

Are there any exceptions to the prohibition of hoarding in Islamic law?

Yes, some scholars allow hoarding if the goods are for personal use or if the goods are not in high demand by the public. However, hoarding for profit or during times of shortage is forbidden.

How do Islamic scholars interpret the wisdom behind the prohibition of price setting and hoarding?

Islamic scholars emphasize that these prohibitions are based on the concept of preventing harm to society, ensuring that no group benefits unfairly at the expense of others, and maintaining balance in the economy.