The Making of the National Movement Class 8 History | Making of National Movement Class 8 | NCERT

Summary

This video provides an in-depth look at India's national movement from the 1870s to 1947. It covers the emergence of nationalism, the role of the Indian National Congress, the impact of British policies like the Arms Act and Vernacular Press Act, and significant events such as the Partition of Bengal, the rise of mass nationalism, and Mahatma Gandhi's leadership in movements like the Non-Cooperation and Quit India movements. The video also explores the consequences of India's independence and partition in 1947, shedding light on the struggles that shaped modern India.

Takeaways

• 😀 The national movement of India played a crucial role in the country's independence from British rule.
• 😀 The British ruled India with a focus on their own self-interest, which led to widespread dissatisfaction among Indians.
• 😀 The Revolt of 1857 was a significant turning point in India's resistance against British rule, even though it was suppressed.
• 😀 Political associations such as the Indian National Congress (INC) were formed after 1850 to advocate for Indian self-governance.
• 😀 The 1870s and 1880s saw the British pass laws like the Arms Act, Vernacular Press Act, and the Ilbert Bill, which agitated the Indian populace.
• 😀 The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 marked a key moment in India's national movement, with demands for greater representation in government.
• 😀 The Congress split into two factions in 1907: moderates who favored peaceful resistance and extremists who advocated for more aggressive actions.
• 😀 The partition of Bengal in 1905 led to protests and the rise of the Swadeshi Movement, calling for boycotts of British goods and institutions.
• 😀 The growth of mass nationalism in India was fueled by the economic hardships caused by World War I and the ideas of socialism from the Russian Revolution.
• 😀 Mahatma Gandhi's arrival in India in 1915 and his leadership in movements like Champaran, Keda, and Ahmedabad helped galvanize the national struggle.
• 😀 Key events like the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Salt March, and the Quit India Movement were crucial milestones in India's fight for independence, leading to the eventual partition and independence in 1947.

Q & A

What marked the significance of the National Movement of India?

The National Movement of India was significant as it played a major role in the country's independence from British rule, with several contributing factors and movements leading to this achievement.

What were the major reasons behind the emergence of Indian nationalism?

The British exploitation of India's resources, the crackdown on social practices, and the aftermath of the 1857 Revolt, which heightened the awareness of the need to end British rule, contributed to the rise of Indian nationalism.

What were the important political associations formed after 1850 in India?

The important associations included the Puna Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association, and the Indian National Congress.

What was the purpose of the Arms Act of 1878, and how did it impact the Indian people?

The Arms Act of 1878 prohibited Indians from carrying weapons, while Europeans and Anglo-Indians were allowed to do so without a license, leading to resentment among Indians who felt this was discriminatory.

What were the main provisions of the Ilbert Bill of 1883, and why was it withdrawn?

The Ilbert Bill of 1883 aimed to remove racial discrimination by allowing Indian judges to try European cases. However, due to protests from Europeans, the bill was withdrawn.

How did the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 contribute to the national movement?

The formation of the INC in 1885 provided a platform for Indians to voice their concerns, demand greater representation in government, and push for the repeal of discriminatory laws like the Arms Act.

What was the outcome of the Congress split in 1907, and who were the major groups involved?

In 1907, the Congress split into two groups: the Moderates, who preferred peaceful methods, and the Extremists, who advocated for more aggressive actions. Despite the split, both groups shared the common goal of ending British rule.

What was the significance of the Swadeshi Movement and its relation to the Partition of Bengal in 1905?

The Swadeshi Movement, triggered by the Partition of Bengal, opposed British rule, promoted National Education, and encouraged the use of Indian-made goods as part of a boycott against British institutions and goods.

How did the Khilafat Movement and Non-Cooperation Movement align in their goals against British rule?

The Khilafat Movement, led by Muslim leaders, aimed to defend the Ottoman Empire, while the Non-Cooperation Movement, led by Gandhi, sought to unite Hindus and Muslims in their shared struggle for independence from British rule.

What led to the Quit India Movement of 1942, and how did it impact the struggle for independence?

The Quit India Movement of 1942 was initiated by Gandhi, urging the British to leave India. It galvanized the population, but also led to the arrest of many leaders. It marked a significant escalation in the struggle for independence, culminating in India's freedom in 1947.