PENGGOLONGAN POLIMER

Summary

This chemistry video focuses on the classification of polymers, exploring various types based on their origin, formation process, monomer types, and thermal properties. The presenter explains the concept of polymers, describing how they are formed from monomers, and categorizes them into natural and synthetic polymers. It then covers polymerization processes, distinguishing between addition and condensation polymers. The video also discusses homopolymers and copolymers, followed by thermal properties, introducing thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers. The lesson concludes with practice questions to reinforce understanding of polymer applications in daily life, encouraging further study and engagement.

Takeaways

• 😀 Polymers are large molecules made from smaller units called monomers, which are linked together to form macromolecules.
• 😀 The word 'polymer' comes from the Greek words 'poly' meaning many and 'meros' meaning part, indicating many parts (monomers) joining to form a larger structure.
• 😀 Polymers can be categorized based on their origin: natural polymers like cellulose and rubber, and synthetic polymers like plastics.
• 😀 Natural polymers are those that occur naturally, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and natural rubber.
• 😀 Synthetic polymers are man-made in laboratories through polymerization processes, such as plastic and nylon.
• 😀 Polymers can also be classified based on the polymerization process into addition polymers (formed through the addition of monomers with double bonds) and condensation polymers (where small molecules like water are released during polymer formation).
• 😀 Addition polymers, such as polyethylene, PVC, and Teflon, are made from monomers with double bonds that form single bonds during polymerization.
• 😀 Condensation polymers, such as nylon and polyester, are formed by the bonding of different types of monomers with the release of small molecules like water.
• 😀 Polymers can be classified based on their monomers into homopolymers (made from a single type of monomer) and copolymers (made from two or more different types of monomers).
• 😀 Another classification of polymers is based on their thermal properties: thermoplastic polymers soften when heated and can be recycled, while thermosetting polymers are heat-resistant and do not soften or melt upon heating, but are difficult to recycle.

Q & A

What is the definition of a polymer?

A polymer is a large molecule formed by the repetitive bonding of smaller molecules called monomers. The word 'polymer' comes from the Greek words 'poli' (many) and 'meros' (parts), meaning it consists of many parts or units.

What are the two main types of polymers based on their origin?

The two main types of polymers based on their origin are natural polymers, which occur naturally (like carbohydrates, proteins, cellulose, and natural rubber), and synthetic polymers, which are artificially created by humans (such as plastic, nylon, and synthetic fibers).

How are addition polymers formed?

Addition polymers are formed through a process where monomers with double bonds (such as ethylene or propylene) undergo polymerization, breaking the double bonds and forming single bonds to create a long chain polymer.

What is the difference between addition and condensation polymers?

Addition polymers are formed when monomers with double bonds join together without releasing any small molecules, whereas condensation polymers are formed when different monomers combine and release a small molecule, like water or methanol.

What is an example of an addition polymer?

An example of an addition polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is created from the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.

Can you give an example of a condensation polymer?

An example of a condensation polymer is nylon-66, which is formed from the reaction of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, releasing water molecules during the process.

What are the two types of polymers based on the number of monomers involved?

The two types of polymers based on the number of monomers involved are homopolymers (made from a single type of monomer) and copolymers (made from two or more different types of monomers).

What is the difference between homopolymers and copolymers?

Homopolymers are composed of identical monomer units, such as polyethylene, whereas copolymers are made from two or more different types of monomers, like nylon-66, which is formed from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine.

What are thermoplastic polymers, and how do they behave under heat?

Thermoplastic polymers are polymers that soften when heated and can be reshaped multiple times. They are also easy to recycle. Examples include PVC and polyethylene.

What are thermosetting polymers, and how do they differ from thermoplastic polymers?

Thermosetting polymers do not soften when heated; instead, they harden permanently after the initial forming. They are resistant to heat and difficult to recycle. Examples include bakelite and melamine.