SEJARAH BAHASA MELAYU DAN ASAL USULNYA

Summary

This video explores the fascinating history and development of the Malay language, tracing its origins back to the ancient Malay people, with influences from various civilizations, including Indian and Islamic cultures. It delves into the evolution of the language from Old Malay to Classical Malay and its modern form, highlighting significant milestones such as the influence of the Sriwijaya Empire and the impact of Islam. The video also touches upon the spread of the Malay language during the colonial era and its establishment as the national language of Malaysia after independence.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of the Malay language is intertwined with the origins of the Malay people, who are believed to have migrated from the Yunnan region in China to Southeast Asia.
• 😀 There were two main waves of migration, known as Proto-Malay and Deutro-Malay, which shaped the current Malay population.
• 😀 Malay is part of the Austronesian language family, and its development can be divided into three main stages: Old Malay, Classical Malay, and Modern Malay.
• 😀 Old Malay was used between the 7th and 13th centuries and became a lingua franca during the Srivijaya Kingdom.
• 😀 The influence of Sanskrit can be seen in Old Malay, especially in the vocabulary used in scholarly and royal contexts.
• 😀 Evidence of Old Malay usage can be found in inscriptions, such as those in Palembang and Thailand, dating back to the 7th century.
• 😀 The introduction of Islam to the Malay world in the 13th century significantly influenced the language, especially in terms of vocabulary, sentence structure, and writing system.
• 😀 The Malay language continued to evolve through the influence of Islamic culture, with important historical inscriptions, like those in Pagaruyung (1356) and Minangkabau, showing this transition.
• 😀 The arrival of Europeans and the fall of the Malacca Sultanate in 1511 did not halt the spread of the Malay language, and European scholars began documenting it in dictionaries and texts.
• 😀 By the 20th century, Malay became recognized as the national language of Malaysia, as stipulated by the Malaysian Constitution, and continued to be a key tool for unity and official communication.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Malay language?

The Malay language originated from the Austronesian language family and is primarily spoken by the Malay people, who are believed to have originated from the Oceanic group, specifically from the Yunnan region in China.

What are the two main waves of migration of the Malay people?

The two main waves of migration are the Proto-Malay, around 2500 BCE, and the Deutero-Malay, around 1500 BCE. The Proto-Malay settled in the hinterlands, while the Deutero-Malay populated the coastal areas of Southeast Asia.

How did the influence of Hinduism affect the development of the Malay language?

Hinduism, which was the dominant religion among the Malay people during the ancient period, influenced the Malay language through Sanskrit, enriching its vocabulary and scholarly language. The Malay language became a language of scholarship and nobility.

What is the significance of the inscriptions from the 7th century in the context of the Malay language?

The inscriptions from the 7th century, such as those found in Bukit Palembang and Thailand, show that the Malay language was already in use as a formal language for communication, including for official purposes in the Srivijaya kingdom.

How did the arrival of Islam impact the Malay language?

The arrival of Islam in the 13th century introduced Arabic influences into the Malay language, especially in terms of vocabulary and sentence structure, as seen in inscriptions from the 14th century that include Arabic words.

What role did the Sultanate of Malacca play in the development of the Malay language?

The Sultanate of Malacca, especially after converting to Islam, played a crucial role in promoting the Malay language. It became a lingua franca for trade and official matters, and the introduction of Jawi script further solidified its use.

What was the significance of the European interest in the Malay language during the colonial period?

European scholars, particularly the Dutch and Portuguese, studied and documented the Malay language. They produced early Malay dictionaries, which helped to preserve the language and its influence in the region.

What were some notable contributions to the Malay language by local scholars during the Islamic period?

Local scholars in regions like Aceh, Palembang, and Brunei contributed greatly to Malay literature, producing important works on Islamic theology and literature, such as Syair Perahu by Hamzah Fansuri and Hikayat Al Salakin by Abdul Somad al-Falambani.

How did the British colonization impact the Malay language?

During British colonization, English was introduced as the medium of instruction in education, but the Malay language maintained its status as the national language of Malaysia, as stipulated by the 1957 Constitution.

What is the current status of the Malay language in Malaysia?

The Malay language, known as Bahasa Malaysia, was established as the official language of Malaysia upon its independence in 1957, and it continues to be the national language, used in government, education, and public affairs.