PERTEMUAN_4 DIALEKTOLOGI: PENULISAN KAIDAH PERUBAHAN BUNYI

Summary

This video script explores the principles of writing phonological changes in dialectology, highlighting the symbols used to denote various sound shifts across languages. It covers the meanings and applications of symbols like quotation marks, asterisks, wavy lines, and slashes in transcribing sound correspondences and irregularities in different dialects. The lesson also explains how to read and write phonological changes based on these rules, providing examples from languages like Sasak, Sumbawa, and Taliwang. The content is designed to deepen understanding of dialectological writing conventions and phonetic changes in linguistic studies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Symbols used in dialectology for writing sound changes are universal and recognized by linguists in academic publications.
• 😀 The asterisk (*) symbol indicates non-standard or reconstructed forms of words in a given language, such as 'hartawati' vs 'hartawan'.
• 😀 The tilde (~) symbol shows regular, systematic sound correspondences between languages, like the *p* in Sanskrit transforming to *f* in Swedish.
• 😀 Single quotation marks (‘ ’) are used to enclose specific meanings of language units or lexical items in dialectology.
• 😀 Slash (/) and hyphen (-) symbols represent environments where sound changes occur, such as specific phoneme positions or syllable locations.
• 😀 The environment of a sound change, such as the shift of vowels or consonants in specific syllable positions, can be denoted using these symbols.
• 😀 Sound changes can occur regularly (e.g., systematic vowel shifts) or irregularly (e.g., non-regular consonant variations in specific dialects).
• 😀 An example of regular sound change includes the shift of *a* to *e* in Proto-Austronesian in specific dialects, like in the Wujud dialect.
• 😀 Symbols like double lines and other notations help to indicate precise phonetic environments where the sound changes take place, such as before or after a specific consonant.
• 😀 The task involves two parts: Part A requires students to describe sound changes following notation rules, while Part B involves writing the sound change rules correctly using provided symbols.

Q & A

What is the main focus of this lecture on dialectology?

The lecture focuses on the orthographic symbols used in writing phonological changes in dialectology. It explains how these symbols represent different phonological phenomena and sound changes in various dialects and languages.

What is the role of quotation marks (' ') in dialectology notation?

Quotation marks (' ') are used to enclose the meaning of specific lexical units in dialectology. For example, in Sasak, words like 'dahar' for 'eating' and 'lumbar' for 'going' are enclosed in single quotation marks to indicate their lexical meaning.

What does an asterisk (*) represent in dialectology?

An asterisk (*) has two main uses: it marks forms that are ungrammatical or non-standard, and it is also used to indicate reconstructed or proto-linguistic forms, such as ancient roots or ancestral language forms.

How does the wave line (~) function in phonological changes?

The wave line (~) indicates regular phonological correspondences between languages or dialects. For example, it shows how the sound 'p' in Sanskrit corresponds to 'f' in Swedish in a regular, systematic manner.

What is the significance of the vertical line (|) in the transcription of phonological changes?

The vertical line (|) is used to denote irregular phonological variations, where sound changes are not systematic but vary based on dialectal or contextual factors.

What does the caret (^) symbolize in the transcription system?

The caret (^) symbolizes sound changes that occur after a syllable break or at the beginning of a word. It is used to mark shifts in phonological patterns following these boundaries.

How does the slash (/ /) function in phonological change notation?

The slash (/ /) indicates the phonological environment in which a change occurs, specifically in relation to vowels or consonants in a given linguistic context, such as changes between adjacent vowel sounds.

What is the importance of understanding and applying these symbols in dialectology?

These symbols provide a standardized way of documenting and describing phonological changes across different dialects and languages. They allow linguists to capture regularities and irregularities in sound changes in a precise manner, facilitating clear communication and analysis.

What are the key components of the exercises in this lecture?

The exercises consist of two parts: Part A requires students to describe phonological changes (1-5) based on the symbols and abbreviations introduced in the lecture, and Part B asks students to transcribe phonological change rules using the given abbreviations, followed by uploading a photo of their handwritten answers.

How can the asterisk (*) symbol be applied in the example of 'hartawati' and 'budiwati'?

The asterisk (*) is used to mark 'hartawati' and 'budiwati' as non-standard or ungrammatical forms when compared to the correct forms 'hartawan' and 'budiman'. This indicates a deviation from regular linguistic rules in the dialect.