🥇 Anatomía de los BRONQUIOS - (Principales, Lobulares y Segmentarios). Fáciles y Sencillos
Summary
TLDREn este video de anatomía fácil, Juan José Sánchez profundiza en el estudio del sistema respiratorio, centrando la atención en la anatomía de los bronquios, desde los principales hasta los segmentales. Se mencionan las divisiones principales: los bronquios principales, los bronquios lobulares y los bronquios segmentales. Además, se explora la irrigación, la drenaje venoso e innervation de estos órganos. Se destaca la importancia de los bronquios como conductores del aire desde la traquea hacia los pulmones para la oxigenación y la eliminación de dióxido de carbono. Se describen los bronquios extrapulmonares y intrapulmonares, así como la estructura de los bronquios lobulares y segmentales en ambos pulmones. Finalmente, se abordan los detalles de la irrigación arterial y venosa, y la innervation autónoma del sistema respiratorio, proporcionando una visión completa de la complejidad y la función de los bronquios en el cuerpo humano.
Takeaways
- 🌿 **Sistema Respiratorio**: El video de Juan José Sánchez se enfoca en la anatomía de la continuidad de la traquea, específicamente en los bronquios principales, globulares y segmentales.
- 🔍 **División de Bronquios**: Los bronquios se dividen en tres divisiones principales: bronquios principales, bronquios globulares y bronquios segmentales.
- 📏 **Subdivisión Macro e Microscópica**: Se estudian hasta las tres primeras subdivisiones en anatomía macroscópica, mientras que las subdivisiones adicionales requieren un microscopio y son objeto de estudio en histología.
- 🏃 **Grupos de Bronquios**: Los bronquios se agrupan en extrapulmonares (fuera del pulmón) e intrapulmonares (dentro del pulmón).
- 🔴 **Drenaje Venoso**: Los bronquios están irrigados por las arterias bronquiales, con dos arterias bronquiales izquierdas y una derecha, provenientes de la aorta descendente y la arteria intercostal posterior derecha.
- 🚫 **Drenaje Venoso Derecho**: Las venas bronquiales derecha se drenan en la vena azygos, mientras que las izquierdas en la vena hemiazygos.
- 📐 **Anatomía de los Bronquios**: El bronquio principal derecho es casi vertical y más ancho, mientras que el izquierdo es más oblicuo y tiene menor diámetro.
- 🗺️ **Segmentación**: Los bronquios se subdividen en bronquios lobulares y luego en bronquios segmentales, que son los últimos estudios en anatomía macroscópica antes de requerir un microscopio.
- 💡 **Innervación**: Los bronquios están innervados por el sistema nervioso autónomo, con innervations parasimpatética y simpatética a través de los troncos del nervio vago y las ramas simpáticas torácicas.
- 📚 **Importancia del Conocimiento Anatómico**: El conocimiento detallado de la anatomía de los bronquios es crucial para entender la estructura y la función del pulmón.
- 📹 **Recursos Educativos**: El canal de Juan José Sánchez ofrece videos adicionales sobre la traquea, el esófago y otros órganos para ampliar el entendimiento del sistema respiratorio.
Q & A
¿Qué es lo que discute Juan José Sánchez en este video sobre la anatomía del sistema respiratorio?
-Juan José Sánchez discute la continuación de la traquea, es decir, la anatomía de los broncios, incluyendo los bronquios principales, lobulares y segmentales. También aborda temas generales de los bronquios, sus subdivisiones, la irrigación, la drenaje venoso e innervation.
¿Cuántas subdivisiones tiene el tronco bronquial hasta que se formen los alvéolos?
-El tronco bronquial tiene entre 23 y 25 subdivisiones desde la bifurcación de la traquea hasta la formación de los alvéolos.
¿Cómo se dividen los bronquios en grupos grandes anatómicamente?
-Los bronquios se dividen en dos grandes grupos: los bronquios extrapulmonares y los bronquios intrapulmonares.
¿Qué bronquios componen el segundo grupo de los bronquios intrapulmonares?
-El segundo grupo de bronquios intrapulmonares está compuesto por los bronquios lobulares, que son los que van a los diferentes lóbulos del pulmón.
¿Cómo se denominan los bronquios que van a los segmentos del pulmón?
-Los bronquios que van a los segmentos del pulmón se llaman bronquios segmentales y son de tercer orden.
¿Cómo se diferencian anatómicamente el bronquio principal derecho y el bronquio principal izquierdo?
-El bronquio principal derecho es casi vertical y más corto, mientras que el bronquio principal izquierdo es más oblicuo y horizontal, y es más largo debido a la desviación de la traquea hacia la derecha.
¿Por qué es más común que un cuerpo extraño se quede en el bronquio principal derecho?
-Es más común porque el bronquio principal derecho es más vertical y parece una continuación de la traquea, lo que hace que sea el punto más probable para que un cuerpo extraño se quede al traveser el tracto respiratorio.
¿Cómo se denominan las venas que drenan la sangre de los bronquios?
-Las venas que drenan la sangre de los bronquios se llaman venas bronquiales. Las venas bronquiales de la izquierda son varias y drenan en la vena hemiazygos, mientras que las de la derecha drenan en la vena azygos.
¿Cómo se irrigan los bronquios?
-Los bronquios se irrigan principalmente por las arterias bronquiales. Existen dos arterias bronquiales de la izquierda que derivan de la aorta descendente y una arteria bronquial derecha que proviene de la tercera arteria intercostal posterior derecha.
¿Qué sistema nervioso innerva los bronquios?
-Los bronquios están innervados por el sistema nervioso autónomo, específicamente por el sistema parasimpático a través de los troncos del nervio vago y por el sistema simpático a través de los troncos simpáticos torácicos.
¿Cómo se relacionan anatómicamente la traquea, la arteria pulmonar y las venas pulmonares en el pulmón?
-Anatómicamente, en el pulmón, la arteria pulmonar está ubicada delante de las venas pulmonares, y detrás de ambas se encuentra el bronquio. Este orden es siempre delante a atrás: venas pulmonares, arteria pulmonar y bronquios.
¿Qué estructuras componen el pedículo pulmonar?
-El pedículo pulmonar es el conjunto de estructuras que incluye los bronquios, las venas y las arterias pulmonares, así como los glándulas broncopulmonares y los ganglios linfáticos, que penetran en el pulmón.
Outlines
😀 Introducción al sistema respiratorio y anatomía de los bronquios
Este primer párrafo presenta un video de anatomía fácil sobre el sistema respiratorio, específicamente la anatomía de los bronquios. Se discute la continuidad de la traquea, las divisiones principales de los bronquios, incluyendo los bronquios principales, globulares y segmentales. Además, se mencionan los temas generales que se abordarán en el video, como la irrigación, la drenaje venoso e innervation. Se invita al espectador a suscribirse y a seguir el contenido.
🌟 División y anatomía de los bronquios: Extrapulmonares e Intrapulmonares
En este segundo párrafo, se profundiza en la anatomía de los bronquios, diferenciando entre los extrapulmonares, que están fuera del pulmón y ocupan el mediastino, y los intrapulmonares, que están dentro del pulmón. Se describen los bronquios principales, incluyendo el bronquio principal derecho y el izquierdo, y cómo se ramifican en bronquios lobulares y segmentales. Además, se menciona la importancia de la anatomía de la traquea en la dirección de los bronquios y se describe la estructura del pulmón, incluyendo los lobes y cómo se relacionan con los bronquios.
📚 Estructura detallada de los bronquios: De los lobulares a los segmentales
Este tercer párrafo proporciona una descripción detallada de la estructura de los bronquios, desde los bronquios lobulares hasta los bronquios segmentales. Se explica la subdivisión de los bronquios en el pulmón, incluyendo la nomenclatura y la ubicación de cada uno. Se discuten las diferencias entre los bronquios del lóbulo superior derecho y el lóbulo medio, así como los bronquios del lóbulo inferior derecho y los segmentales correspondientes. También se describe la estructura de los bronquios lobulares del pulmón izquierdo y sus subdivisiones.
🩺 Irrigación, drenaje y innervation de los bronquios
El cuarto y último párrafo se enfoca en la irrigación, el drenaje y la innervation de los bronquios. Se describe cómo los bronquios son alimentados por las arterias bronquiales, destacando la diferencia entre la anatomía de la arteria bronquial derecha y las izquierdas. Se menciona la drenaje venoso a través de las venas bronquiales y cómo la innervation autónoma del sistema nervioso influye en la función de los bronquios. Finalmente, se cierra el video agradeciendo a los espectadores y animándoles a suscribirse y a ver más contenido relacionado con la anatomía.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Sistema Respiratorio
💡Tráquea
💡Bronquios
💡Bronquios Principales
💡Bronquios Lobares
💡Bronquios Segmentales
💡Arterias Bronquiales
💡Venas Bronquiales
💡Innervation
💡Pulmón
💡Lóbulos Pulmonares
Highlights
El video continua la discusión sobre el sistema respiratorio, específicamente la anatomía de los bronquios, incluyendo los principales, lobulares y segmentales.
Los bronquios son estructuras responsables de llevar el aire desde la traquea hacia adentro de los pulmones para oxigenar y captar el CO2.
Existen 23 a 25 subdivisiones macroscopicas de los bronquios, desde la bifurcación de la traquea hasta la formación de los alveolos.
Se dividen en dos grupos principales: bronquios extrapulmonares y bronquios intrapulmonares.
Los bronquios extrapulmonares están fuera del pulmón y ocupan el mediastino, mientras que los intrapulmonares están dentro del pulmón.
Los bronquios principales, también conocidos como bronquios principales, son la primera subdivisión de los bronquios.
El bronquio principal derecho es casi vertical y parece una continuación de la traquea, mientras que el izquierdo es más oblicuo.
El bronquio principal derecho es más ancho y grueso debido a la mayor alveolización del pulmón derecho.
El bronquio principal izquierdo es anterior al esófago, una característica única debido a la desviación de la traquea hacia la derecha.
Los bronquios lobulares, que son la segunda subdivisión, van a los lobulos específicos de los pulmones.
El pulmón derecho tiene tres lobulos y, por lo tanto, tres bronquios lobulares, mientras que el izquierdo tiene dos.
Los bronquios segmentales, la tercera subdivisión, son los últimos que se estudian y van a los segmentos específicos de los pulmones.
La irrigación de los bronquios es proporcionada principalmente por las arterias bronquiales, con dos arterias bronquiales izquierdas y una derecha.
Las venas bronquiales izquierdas drenan en la vena hemiazygos, mientras que las derecha drenan en la vena azygos.
La innervación de los bronquios es similar a la de la traquea, con innervación parasimpática a través de los troncos del nervio vago y simpática por los troncos simpáticos torácicos.
El video proporciona una guía detallada para entender la anatomía compleja de los bronquios y su importancia en el sistema respiratorio.
Transcripts
Good afternoon, welcome to a new easy anatomy video by Juan José Sánchez and
today we will continue talking about the respiratory system, we will talk about the continuation of the
trachea, that is, the anatomy of the bronchi, both the main ones, the globular ones and the
segmental ones. , then anatomically we will talk today or touch on the general topics of the
bronchi, their subdivisions, the three main divisions that are: the main bronchi,
the globular bronchi, the segmental bronchi and finally we will talk
then about the irrigation of the venous drainage and the innervation. Stay tuned for the video
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then the bronchi are the structures that are responsible for carrying the
air that leads the trachea inside. of the lungs to oxygenate the air to attract
back the co2, then there are 23 to 25 subdivisions, look well 23 to 25, from when
the trachea bifurcates until the alveoli are formed, fortunately in macroscopic anatomy
we study up to 3 first subdivisions and in this video I am going to talk to you about the
first three subdivisions of the bronchi, the other subdivisions we do not see with the naked eye but rather we need to
see them with a microscope and that is why they are not objects of study of macroscopic anatomy
but are rather objects of study of histology that would be microscopic anatomy,
then roughly we divide the bronchi into two large groups, the
extrapulmonary bronchi and the intrapulmonary bronchi. What is meant by extrapulmonary bronchus?
By extrapulmonary bronchus we understand those bronchial structures that are outside the
lung, that is, where those bronchi, those airways have not penetrated the lungs,
those are basically going to be this line that we are representing here is the line that indicates
the penetration of these bronchi to the lung so that from here to here, that is, from here to
medial, they will be the extrapulmonary bronchi because they have nothing to do with the lung,
they are outside the lung, they are the ones that occupy the mediastinum, while that from here to the outside,
that is, they are the intrapulmonary bronchi, that is, the bronchi that are already inside the lung
that have already penetrated, so in pulmonary hilum; then the extrapulmonary bronchi will be
given by the main bronchi, we talk about the right main bronchus and the
left main bronchus and once these main bronchi are born they perforate, cross the lung
and become intrapulmonary bronchi, so that the intrapulmonary bronchi
go to begin to make two groups: first the lobar bronchi, I remind you that each
lung has a specific number of lobes, then the right lung has three lobes,
we should have three lobar bronchi, the left lung has two lobes, we will then have
two lobar bronchi. They are going to make the second subdivision of the bronchi, then
these would be the upper right and upper left lobar bronchi, now, what is going to
happen? The lower lobar bronchus of the right lung will go to the lower lobe of the
right lung and the lower lobar bronchus of the left lung will go to the lower lobe
of the left lung. Well, remember that the right lung has a third bronchus, which would
then be the middle lobar bronchus that would go to the middle lobe of the right lung, this would be the
second subdivision of the bronchi but it would be the first intrapulmonary division of the bronchi and
then these lobar intrapulmonary bronchi are subdivided into segmental bronchi which are all of
these that you see in colors ; These segmental bronchi obviously also occur or occur
within the lung and that is why they fall within the group of intrapulmonary bronchi that we are going
to study in more depth now. Let's start then with this image that we would be
seeing the medial part of the specifically right lung because we see that it has three lobes:
superior, middle and inferior, then the place where the bronchus penetrates into the hilum,
I remind you that this is posterior and this is anterior is very characteristic, this would be the penetration
of the right main bronchus, in front of the bronchi is always what It is the
pulmonary artery, remember that in the lung the artery is blue and in front of the
pulmonary artery we find the pulmonary veins, which only in the case of the lung are these veins
red, so the order is always from anterior to posterior. They are: pulmonary veins,
pulmonary artery and behind the bronchi, other structures that we find in relation
to the bronchi are the lymph nodes, in this case they are the tracheobronchial or bronchopulmonary glands,
specifically excuse me, they are the bronchopulmonary glands, they are not the tracheobronchial ones
. this level; then the set of structures, meaning bronchi, pulmonary veins and the
lymph nodes that penetrate the lung are what we call the pulmonary pedicle, that is,
the set of structures. Now the place in the lung where that pulmonary pedicle enters,
where those structures enter, the hole that the lung gives it is known as the pulmonary hilum,
so so that you do not confuse both terms, I am referring to the term pedicle, which is the
structure and at the end of the hilum, which is the space that an organ gives for these
structures to pass through, but here you see the order: in front of the pulmonary veins that carry the pulmonary vein,
the pulmonary artery, and behind the artery is where we see the bronchi. Let's then
elucidate each of the divisions of these bronchi, remember that today we will only talk
about the first three subdivisions: the first division is the famous main bronchi, we are
also going to call these main bronchi the first division of the trachea.
first-order bronchi, there are 2, right main bronchus and left main bronchus.
It is very important that you master the trachea video so that you can understand the anatomy of
the bronchi. Why? Because if you review the trachea video that is on my channel, which I
am going to leave the description at the end, you will see that the trachea is a structure that goes
to the right side, when I go to the right side I will modify the anatomy
of the main bronchi a lot, so we have in the main bronchi a
right main bronchus and a left main bronchus, both have a different anatomy: first, roughly
speaking, we see that the right main bronchus is almost vertical in relation to the bronchus.
left main bronchus that is much more oblique, much more horizontal, then in fact it is said
that the right main bronchus is so vertical that it seems more like a continuation of the trachea,
in fact when there is a foreign body, which a person swallows and goes through the airway, it is
very common for this foreign body to lodge in the right main bronchus, because as
it is vertical and is rather a continuation of the trachea, it appears after the trachea,
it is much more likely that the foreign body, whatever it may be, will lodge there at the level of the
right main bronchus, as we already know that it is more vertical and the left one much more horizontal,
the others see the size that the right main bronchus is almost half the size of the left main
bronchus, the right one is said to measure 2.5 to 3 centimeters while the left one measures up to
5 centimeters, the other thing is the thickness, it is assumed that the right lung has three lobes so that
it has more air alveolization, therefore it needs a thicker bronchus that brings air to all
those airways, That is why the right main bronchus is wider, thicker,
while the left main bronchus, like the left lung, only consists of two
lobes. Well, this bronchus does not have to be as thick in caliber as the
right main bronchus. It then says that the left main bronchus is less wide, smaller
in caliber in relation to the right main bronchus. Another quite important difference
that both bronchi have, we see here the right one and here we see the left one, is that as the trachea deviates
to the right and You basically see how it is moving slightly to the right, that
It means that the left main bronchus has to be longer, because the left lung is
further away from the right main bronchus than in the right lung, because since the
trachea is on the right side, the path that the trachea has to make is much less. right main bronchus
to reach the right lung. So, since the esophagus is behind the trachea,
it is said that the left main bronchus is anterior to the esophagus, something that does not happen with
the right main bronchus, it only happens with the left main bronchus, which is precisely
because of this very particular arrangement that It has the trachea, so those are the bronchi in the first
order, the first division, that is, the main bronchi. Now we are going to have the second order bronchi,
which would be the second division, called lobar bronchi, these are
the ones that each go to a specific lobe of the lung, so we are going to start first with
the right lobar bronchi, which are somewhat different. the left lobar bronchi,
on the right side we will first have the superior lobar bronchus, this superior lobar bronchus,
the same name tells you, goes to the upper lobe of the right lung and arises directly as a branch
of the right main bronchus, after the superior lobar bronchus we go to have an
intermediate bronchus, this intermediate bronchus goes from the exit of the superior lobar bronchus
until the first segmental bronchus emerges from the lower lobe of the lower lung lobe,
then this intermediate bronchus will continue with the inferior globular bronchus which is
then supposed to go to the lower lobe of what is the right lung and from that
lower lobar bronchi I get what is the middle lobar bronchus, which is then the one that would go to the middle lobe
of the right lung, so this is the ultra structure of the right lobar bronchi,
Let's see then the ultra structure of the left lobar bronchi, basically
we would have two lobar bronchi: an upper lobar bronchus and an inferior lobar bronchus,
this upper lobar bronchial will in turn have two subdivisions: an upper subdivision
which would be this one and a Inferior subdivision, then what would it be? The superior subdivision, look, goes
to the upper lobe of the left lung, but the inferior subdivision, which would be this,
is also known as the lingular bronchus. Why the lingular? because this lower division in
which the lingula of the left lung goes, that is why it is important that you know or manage or be
familiar with the anatomy of the lungs to be able to understand these lobar bronchi.
So well, these are the subdivisions in turn of the left upper lobar bronchus,
then let's go with the lower lobar bronchus which is simply the one that goes to the lower lobe
of the left lung, so far well, we have then elucidated what the bronchi are.
lobar or that is to say the second order, now those lobar bronchi are
subdivided for the third time giving me the segmental bronchi, these divisions occur 24 to 25
times before reaching the alveoli, so these are the last ones that we are going to study here
they are the segmental bronchi or third order bronchi, it happens that each lung is divided into
lobes and each lobe is divided into segments, then each of these bronchi goes to each
of those lung segments, then the name or nomenclature of these segmental bronchi
we are going to give it according to the spatial anatomy, obviously here we are
seeing it in 2D a second dimension and we cannot see well which one goes posteriorly, which one goes
upwards and which one goes anteriorly, so I am going to give it to you Let's say, these
third-order segmental bronchi, we are going to start first with those on the right side, then those derived
from the upper lobe or the superior lobar bronchus, which would be this one, are going to be the
apical bronchus, but the name is apical segmental bronchi of the lobar bronchus. upper right,
apical means that it goes to the vertex, that is, to the dome of the lung; then we would have the posterior one
and then we would have the anterior one, these three bronchi then are the derivatives of the bronchus
right upper lobar, then the name in the nomenclature would be the anterior segmental bronchus
of the right upper lobar bronchus, very well those would be the upper lobe, now let's go
with the middle lobe, the middle lobe, see that it is nothing more than two segmental bronchi,
one lateral segmental bronchus and a medial segmental bronchus, those would be those of the
middle lobe, now let's go with those of the lower lobe, which were five segmental bronchi, that
inferior lobar bronchus, which I remind you is the one that derives from the intermediate bronchus,
will first give A superior segmental bronchus is called the superior segmental bronchus of the
right inferior lobar bronchus. After that superior segmental bronchus comes the medial basal bronchus. Why do they
call it basal? basal means that it goes to the base, that is, it goes to the bottom of the lung,
this would be the medial basal also called internal basal, this would be the anterior basal,
this would be the posterior basal and this would be the lateral basal bronchus, always after
When saying the name of the segmental bronchus, we say the right inferior lobar bronchus. Now let's go
with the segmental bronchi on the left side, first of the superior regular bronchus
I remind you that there were two subdivisions: an upper subdivision and an inferior subdivision
also called lingular division; Let's go with the upper division: this upper division will
give two segmental bronchi, a posterior apical segmental bronchus that would be this
blue and an anterior segmental bronchus, sorry, apical posterior red and the anterior one blue,
now let's go with the lower division which is the lingular, originating then the superior lingular bronchus
and the inferior singular bronchus, this more or less lingular is the analogue of the middle lobar bronchus,
see that they are two very analogous branches, only that here it is lateral and medial and here it is superior
and inferior and therefore Lastly we would then go to what is the inferior lobar bronchus,
that left inferior lobar will give four branches: first the superior segmental bronchus,
then the anteromedial segmental bronchus, then the lateral secondary bronchus and then
the posterior segmental bronchus, always adding the basal word, this would be anterointernal or anteromedial basal
, lateral basal and this would be the posterior basal, that is then
the arrangement of the third order bronchi, that is, of the segmental bronchi,
here we see them in a Sobotta diagram here you see clearly what is the upper lobe,
lower lobe, here the lower division, the upper division, also here we see
the upper lobe of the right lung, we see the intermediate, we see the middle lobar bronchus, we see
the lower lobar bronchus, this so you can see how these segmental bronchi harmonize and
continue to subdivide several times within what is the lung parenchyma and here
you can also see very clearly how the trachea comes to the right and this makes
the right main bronchus smaller than the main bronchus. left main. How are
these bronchi going to be irrigated? basically by the bronchial arteries, the
origin of these bronchial arteries is very important because they are two left bronchial arteries and one
right bronchial artery, their anatomy is very important, these left bronchial arteries derive from
the descending aorta, they are visceral branches of the descending aorta , while the only
right bronchial artery, which is a single one, listen well, derives from the third
right posterior intercostal artery, this would be the first right posterior intercostal artery, there is the second one and you will see that
in a common trunk with the third the only artery emerges right bronchial vein, venous drainage is
provided by the left bronchial veins, which are several, draining into the hemiazygos vein, while
the right bronchial veins drain into the azygos vein. With respect to the innervation,
as it is an organ that has autonomous functioning, it is then innervated by the
autonomic nervous system. Its innervation is very similar to that of the trachea, that is, the parasympathetic
comes through the vagal trunks, which would be vagus nerves. and through the branches of the vagus nerve they would be
recurrent laryngo nerves that also innervate the trachea and esophagus and their sympathetic innervation
is then given by the thoracic sympathetic trunks. So friends, this has been
the entire video, you can subscribe in the little circle that is here, like here I leave you the link so that you
can see the other trachea videos, so that you can see the esophagus video and so that you can later
understand the anatomy of the lung with my video the lung thank you very much for watching the video!
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