Realism Gets Even More Real: Crash Course Theater #32

Summary

In this episode of Crash Course Theater, Mike Rugnetta explores the revolutionary impact of Georg II, the 'Theater Duke,' and his Meiningen troupe on European theater. Highlighting their meticulous attention to historical accuracy in props and costumes, as well as innovative rehearsal techniques, Rugnetta introduces André Antoine, a pioneer of ultra-realistic theater. Antoine's daring productions, including the controversial 'The Power of Darkness,' are examined, showcasing his commitment to realism in staging. The episode also discusses the influence of other subscription theaters like Die FreiBühne and the Independent Theater Society, emphasizing the evolution of acting styles through the Delsarte Method.

Takeaways

• 😀 The revolution in playwriting during the French realism movement also transformed acting and stagecraft.
• 🎭 Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, known as the 'Theater Duke,' emphasized rigorous rehearsals and historically accurate props in theater.
• 📜 The Meiningen troupe pioneered rehearsal techniques that are now common in theater, including the use of prompt books to maintain blocking.
• ⚔️ The Duke's commitment to authenticity included using actual costumes and props, such as armor and swords, enhancing the realism of performances.
• 🏰 The Meiningen troupe was notable for rejecting the star system, instead promoting ensemble acting where all members participated in every play.
• 🌟 André Antoine founded the Théâtre Libre in Paris, aiming to produce plays that other theaters wouldn't license, focusing on ultra-realism.
• 🍖 Antoine's set designs were groundbreaking, incorporating real elements, such as hanging beef carcasses, to create an authentic atmosphere.
• 🖊️ The Delsarte Method, developed by François Delsarte, sought to connect internal emotions with specific outward gestures, influencing acting techniques.
• 🎟️ Subscription-based theaters like Die FreiBuhne in Berlin and the Independent Theater Society in London also contributed to the spread of realistic drama.
• 📅 Despite the success of Antoine's productions, many were short-lived, highlighting the economic challenges of staging such ambitious and realistic plays.

Q & A

What was Georg II's vision for the Meininger Hoftheatertruppe?

Georg II aimed to improve the theater by rigorously rehearsing actors and outfitting them with period-appropriate props and costumes to create more realistic and exciting performances.

What innovative practices did the Meiningen troupe introduce?

The Meiningen troupe introduced meticulous rehearsal techniques, used actual props and costumes, and ensured that the director's decisions were documented in a prompt book to maintain consistent staging.

How did Georg II contribute to the development of theatrical supply shops?

Georg II's dedication to historical accuracy in costumes and props led to the rise of theatrical supply shops, as other troupes began to adopt similar practices.

What role did Andre Antoine play in the evolution of theater?

Andre Antoine was a significant figure in late 19th-century theater, known for founding the Theatre Libre, which focused on ultra-realistic plays and allowed for more creative freedom without censorship.

How did Antoine's production of 'The Power of Darkness' stand out?

Antoine's production featured a word-for-word translation and a set that accurately represented Russian life, which was unprecedented in French theater, earning widespread acclaim from audiences and critics.

What was the purpose of the claque in theaters during Antoine's time?

Claques were paid groups of spectators hired to either applaud or boo during performances, influencing audience reception and adding a layer of theatricality to the shows.

What challenges did Antoine face with the subject matter of his plays?

Antoine often dealt with controversial topics in his plays, which led to criticism and limited runs, as many of his productions only lasted three nights due to their dark themes.

What was the Delsarte Method and its significance?

The Delsarte Method, developed by Francois Delsarte, sought to connect internal emotions with specific outward gestures, marking an early attempt to apply scientific principles to acting.

How did the Meiningen troupe influence other theater companies?

The Meiningen troupe set new standards for ensemble acting and realistic staging, influencing prominent figures like Andre Antoine and Konstantin Stanislavsky in their own theatrical practices.

What was the impact of subscription-based theaters like Theatre Libre?

Subscription-based theaters, such as Theatre Libre and Die FreiBuhne, allowed for the performance of uncensored and realistic dramas, thereby expanding the theatrical repertoire available to audiences.