Pratikum Sistem Kontrol Bab 1 Teknik Elektro Universitas Brawijaya

Summary

This video script delves into the fundamentals of control systems through an analog computer experiment. It highlights key concepts such as the distinction between analog and digital computers, the definitions of first-order and second-order systems, and the critical performance indices like settling time and rise time. The script explains how various parameters influence system behavior and presents experimental data that demonstrate these principles in action. Through practical trials, viewers gain insights into system dynamics and the significance of proper configuration in achieving desired performance outcomes.

Takeaways

• 😀 Control systems consist of multiple subsystems that have different functions but the same goal.
• 🖥️ The script discusses the differences between analog and digital computers in control systems.
• 🔢 The order of a system is determined by the highest power of 's' in the denominator of the transfer function.
• 📈 Performance indices for first-order systems include settling time (TS), while second-order systems include additional parameters like rise time (TR) and peak time (TP).
• ⏳ Settling time is defined as the time taken for a system to reach a steady state after a disturbance.
• ⚙️ The effects of gain (K) on first-order systems are described, highlighting conditions for underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped responses.
• 🌊 Damping ratio (Zeta) impacts the behavior of second-order systems, influencing oscillation and settling characteristics.
• 📊 The script outlines how to measure and record system performance during experiments with analog computers.
• 📝 Students are guided to fill out performance data tables based on experimental results.
• 🔄 The importance of repeated trials and varying system parameters is emphasized for accurate analysis.

Q & A

What is a control system?

A control system is a collection of subsystems that have different functions but work towards a common goal, often involving the management of dynamic systems.

What is the difference between analog and digital computers in control systems?

In an analog computer, both the input and output are analog signals, whereas in a digital computer, the input is analog, and the output is digital.

What characterizes a first-order control system?

A first-order control system is characterized by a transfer function where the highest power of 's' in the denominator is one.

What are the performance indices for first-order systems?

The primary performance index for first-order systems is the settling time (TS), which is the time taken to reach a steady state.

What defines a second-order control system?

A second-order control system has a transfer function where the highest power of 's' in the denominator is two, which affects its response characteristics.

What are the key performance indices for second-order systems?

The key performance indices for second-order systems include settling time (TS), rise time (TR), peak time (TP), maximum overshoot (MP), and damping ratio (ζ).

How does the gain (K) affect the output of a control system?

If K < 1, the output is below the setpoint; if K = 1, the system reaches steady-state; and if K > 1, the output exceeds the setpoint.

What is the significance of the damping ratio (ζ) in a control system?

The damping ratio (ζ) indicates the system's response behavior: ζ = 0 leads to continuous oscillation (underdamped), 0 < ζ < 1 leads to oscillation with eventual steady-state (underdamped), ζ > 1 indicates a delayed response (overdamped), and ζ = 1 is critically damped, achieving steady-state quickly.

What were the values set for the first experiment in the transcript?

In the first experiment, the values set were R1 = 100 kg, R2 = 100 kg, and C1 = 2 µF.

What is the formula for calculating maximum overshoot (MP)?

The formula for calculating maximum overshoot (MP) is: MP = (VP - VSS) / VSS * 100%, where VP is the peak voltage and VSS is the steady-state voltage.