Как шагает ШАГОВЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЬ?

Hi Dev! – Электроника

24 Jan 202417:51

Summary

TLDRThe video explains the internal structure and operating principles of stepper motors. It starts with a simple conceptual model, explaining how alternating magnetic fields in the stator coils move the permanent magnet rotor in precise steps. It then delves into a real stepper motor, showing the intricacies of the rotor's dual gear design which allows for very precise microstepping. Overall, it provides great insight into stepper motor construction and operation, clearly explaining the concepts in an engaging and easy to understand format.

Takeaways

😀 The video explains how stepper motors work and what makes them so precise.
👉 Stepper motors have multiple poles that create magnetic fields to attract and rotate the rotor.
🤔 By alternating power between the coils, the rotor rotates in discrete and consistent steps.
🔎 The rotor often has "teeth" that align with poles on the stator for greater holding torque.
🤓 Microstepping divides steps into smaller increments for greater positioning precision.
⚙️ Drivers control the power to coils to enable microstepping through PWM signals.
🔧 Stepper motors have high holding torque so they don't need positioning sensors.
👍 Increasing the number of rotor and stator teeth enables more steps per revolution.
✏️ Geared steppers can increase torque without reducing step precision.
📣 Stepper motors are ideal for 3D printers, CNC machines, and robotics.

Q & A

What is a stepper motor and how does it work?
-A stepper motor is a type of electric motor that moves in precise steps. It has a rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with electromagnets. By powering the electromagnets in a sequence, the rotor turns in precise steps.
Why are stepper motors useful for 3D printers?
-Stepper motors provide very precise positioning and movement control without needing position sensors. This makes them ideal for moving the print head and build platform in 3D printers to create detailed prints.
What is a stepper motor driver and why is it needed?
-A stepper motor driver controls the power sent to the motor coils to provide the sequencing needed to turn the rotor. It allows features like microstepping to increase positioning resolution.
What is microstepping?
-Microstepping is a technique where the driver sequences power through the electromagnet coils to position the rotor between normal step positions. This divides the basic motor steps into many smaller microsteps.
How does the rotor design help the stepper motor hold position?
-The geared dual-wheel rotor design allows multiple stator teeth to attract and secure the permanent magnets between the wheels in both directions of rotation. This provides excellent holding torque to lock the shaft.
Why don't stepper motors need rotational position sensors?
-The predictable stepping action means controller can track the rotor position accurately just by counting steps. As long as steps aren't skipped, sensors aren't needed.
What causes noise in some stepper motor drivers?
-Some drivers use PWM control signals in the audible frequency range, causing the motor coils to vibrate and emit noise.
How many full steps make one complete rotation in common stepper motors?
-Most common motors, like those in 3D printers, provide 200 full steps per complete 360 degree rotation. Special high-resolution motors may provide 400 or more steps.
How much rotation occurs with each full step?
-Motors with 200 steps divide the 360 degree circle into evenly-spaced increments of 1.8 degrees. So in these motors, each full step turns the shaft 1.8 degrees.
Why don't orbital sanders use stepper motors?
-Stepper motors rotate in discrete steps rather than smoothly. This stepping motion would cause unpleasant vibrations in orbital sanders, where smooth and fluid rotation is required.

Outlines

00:00

😊 Introducing stepper motors and their unique precise operation.

The video introduces stepper motors, explaining how they work through a simple 8-step example motor. It highlights key features like precise stepping achieved through alternating magnetic poles and ability to hold rotor position without sensors. The concept of microstepping is also explained which splits steps into smaller increments.

05:02

😃 Discussing winter shopping and deals.

This brief paragraph talks about winter shopping to get a mood boost. It mentions a smartphone deal on an ecommerce site, with cashback, discounts and free delivery to get the maximum savings and a pleasant shopping experience.

10:04

👨‍🔧 Explaining real-world 200 step motors in 3D printers.

Real-world stepper motors have more complex but clever designs to maximize torque and steps per rotation. A 200 step motor's rotor uses offset gear wheels and a magnet to alternate poles and provide high holding torque. The stator has teeth to lock the rotor in multiple positions.

15:05

💡 Why steppers don't need encoders for positioning.

Thanks to predictable stepping, stepper motors can precisely position without needing rotary encoders. Steps can simply be counted relative to end stops. This avoids complexity while maintaining high accuracy, as in 3D printers. CNC machines may still use encoders as an extra precaution.

Mindmap

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