Sejarah Komunikasi Manusia dan Sejarah Perkembangan Ilmu Komunikasi.

Summary

The video explores the history and development of human communication, emphasizing its importance in society. It outlines four key eras: written, print, telecommunication, and interactive communication. Starting with the Sumerians' written symbols, it progresses through Gutenberg's printing press and modern telecommunications, highlighting the impact of inventions like the telegraph and telephone. The video also discusses the evolution of communication studies, focusing on rhetoric, growth during the industrial era, and technological advances. Overall, it underscores how communication is essential to human life and continuously shaped by technological progress.

Takeaways

• 📜 Human communication has evolved through four major phases: written, print, telecommunication, and interactive communication.
• ✍️ The written communication era began with the Sumerians around 4000 BC, where early humans used symbols, eventually evolving into the alphabet.
• 🖨️ The print communication era started with Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in 1456, revolutionizing how information was distributed.
• 📡 The telecommunication era saw breakthroughs like the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television, making long-distance communication faster and more accessible.
• 💻 The interactive communication era, starting in 1946 with the invention of the ENIAC computer, brought together telecommunications and informatics, giving rise to modern technologies like computers and the internet.
• 📚 The development of communication as an academic discipline has four periods: rhetoric tradition, growth, consolidation, and technological communication.
• 🏛️ The rhetoric tradition, dating back to ancient Greece, emphasized persuasion, with Aristotle focusing on ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic).
• 🌍 The growth of communication as a discipline in the early 1900s was influenced by technological advances and global events like industrialization and world wars.
• 🔬 The consolidation period, post-World War II, focused on building communication as a multidisciplinary social science, with contributions from key figures like Harold Lasswell and Kurt Lewin.
• 📈 The technological communication period, from the 1960s to the present, saw rapid advancements in media and technology, contributing to the global reach and specialization of communication studies.

Q & A

What are the four phases of communication technology according to Everett M. Rogers?

The four phases of communication technology according to Everett M. Rogers are: the era of written communication, the era of print communication, the era of telecommunication, and the era of interactive communication.

How did people communicate during the era of written communication?

During the era of written communication, people used symbols to communicate, often carving or painting these symbols on the walls of their dwellings. Over time, these symbols evolved into the alphabet we use today.

What was the significant invention during the print communication era, and why was it important?

The significant invention during the print communication era was Gutenberg's printing press, created in 1456. It revolutionized communication by enabling the mass production of written material, though many people were initially unfamiliar with this new technology.

What impact did Samuel Morse and Alexander Graham Bell have on the telecommunication era?

Samuel Morse developed the telegraph, which allowed messages to be transmitted over long distances, while Alexander Graham Bell sent the first message through a telephone. These inventions laid the foundation for modern telecommunication.

What marks the era of interactive communication?

The era of interactive communication, which started around 1946, is characterized by the blending of telecommunications and informatics. It began with the invention of ENIAC, an early computer, and represents the start of modern digital communication.

What are the key periods in the history of communication studies?

The history of communication studies can be divided into four periods: the rhetoric tradition, the period of communication growth, the consolidation period, and the period of communication technology.

How did the rhetorical tradition contribute to the study of communication?

The rhetorical tradition, which dates back to ancient Greece, focused on persuasion. Aristotle's concepts of ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical argument) were key elements, further developed by Cicero and Quintilian.

What major changes during the 19th and 20th centuries contributed to the growth of communication studies?

Key changes included the invention of communication technologies (like the telephone and radio), industrialization and modernization in Europe and America, and the two World Wars, all of which shaped communication as a field of study.

Why is the post-World War II period called the 'consolidation period' in communication studies?

The post-World War II period is called the 'consolidation period' because communication studies became more organized and multidimensional, with key thinkers like Harold Lasswell and Kurt Lewin contributing to its development as a social science.

How has communication technology evolved since the 1960s?

Since the 1960s, communication technology has become increasingly complex, marked by advances such as computers, cable TV, and global media networks. Communication has become more specialized, with a greater emphasis on digital and global connectivity.