Ejaan: Penulisan Kata

Summary

This video lesson explains various aspects of Indonesian word formation and spelling rules. It covers root words, affixes, compound words, reduplication, and proper hyphenation for connected forms. The instructor provides detailed examples of basic words, affixed words, and borrowed forms, emphasizing correct spelling for compound and foreign-derived words. The video also touches on rules for abbreviations, acronyms, numerals, and prepositions, with a focus on official documents and geographic names. Overall, it offers a comprehensive guide on writing and spelling conventions in Indonesian based on the official language guidelines.

Takeaways

• 📝 The lesson covers the rules of word formation in Indonesian, particularly focusing on spelling and prefixes.
• 📚 A root word is a base word that has not undergone any modifications like affixation or repetition.
• 🔄 Words can undergo changes with prefixes, suffixes, or infixes, such as 'berjalan' (to walk) from 'jalan'.
• 🔤 Compound words should be written together without spaces, such as 'antarkota' (between cities) and 'pasca' (after).
• 🔁 Repeated words can appear in full (e.g., 'anak-anak' meaning children) or be modified with affixes (e.g., 'berjalan-jalan').
• 🖇️ Hyphenation is necessary when combining a prefix with a proper noun, such as 'non-Indonesia' (non-Indonesian).
• 📑 Abbreviations of names or titles should include periods, while institution acronyms like 'UI' or 'PT' don't need them.
• 💬 Prepositions like 'di', 'ke', and 'dari' should be written separately from the following word unless they are affixes.
• 🔢 Numbers expressed in words are used when the number can be written in one or two words, except in lists or formal documents.
• 📍 Geographical names containing numbers, like 'Kelapa Dua', should use words instead of numerals to avoid confusion.

Q & A

What is the definition of a root word?

A root word is a word that has not undergone any modifications, such as the addition of prefixes, suffixes, or repetition. Examples include 'kantor' (office) and 'pajak' (tax).

What are affixed words and what types of affixes exist?

Affixed words are those that have received additional elements, such as prefixes, infixes, or suffixes. Examples include 'berjalan' (walking) and 'mempermudah' (making easier). Types of affixes include prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and foreign-derived affixes like '-isme' or '-man'.

When should a compound word be written as a single word or separated?

Compound words are written as single words if they are bound forms (e.g., 'antarkota' for intercity), but compound words with independent meanings like 'duta besar' (ambassador) are written separately.

How should repetition of words (reduplication) be written?

Reduplication is used to repeat a word, often to indicate plurality or emphasis. Examples include 'anak-anak' (children) and 'mondar-mandir' (pacing back and forth). In some cases, only the first part of the word is repeated, as in 'surat-surat kabar' (newspapers).

What is the difference between affixed repetition and basic repetition?

Basic repetition involves repeating the word exactly, such as 'anak-anak'. Affixed repetition involves the addition of affixes along with the repetition, like 'berjalan-jalan' (strolling).

How should particles such as 'pun' be written?

Particles like 'pun' should be written separately from other words except in cases where they form a fixed expression, such as 'apapun' (whatever) or 'bagaimanapun' (however), where it is written as a single word.

What are the rules for abbreviations and acronyms?

Abbreviations for names, titles, and degrees use periods between letters (e.g., M.B.A.). Acronyms, which are read as words (like NASA), are written without periods.

How should geographical terms containing numbers be written?

When numbers appear in geographical names, they should be written as words to avoid confusion, such as 'Kelapa Dua' (not 'Kelapa 2').

What is the guideline for writing large numbers in text?

Numbers that can be written with one or two words should be written as words (e.g., 'tiga' for three), but larger numbers (e.g., 155) are written in numerical form, especially when used in lists or details.

How should articles such as 'si' and 'sang' be written?

Articles like 'si' and 'sang' are written separately from the nouns they precede, unless they refer to God, in which case the pronouns referring to God are capitalized.