Stroke CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) Hemorrhagic, Ischemic NCLEX RN & LPN NURSING
Summary
TLDRThis video explains strokes, or cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), focusing on their causes, types, and key risk factors. Strokes occur when the brain lacks oxygen, often due to blood clots or ruptured blood vessels. It discusses transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), minor strokes that resolve quickly, and more serious strokes like ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Hypertension, especially systolic blood pressure over 140, is highlighted as the leading risk factor for strokes. Proper management of hypertension can significantly reduce stroke risk. The video also emphasizes the importance of gradual blood pressure reduction post-stroke.
Takeaways
- 🧠 Strokes, also known as CVAs, occur when the brain lacks oxygen, often due to a clot in a blood vessel.
- 🌪️ TIA stands for Transient Ischemic Attack, which is a temporary stroke caused by a brief lack of oxygen.
- 🔍 The medical term 'transient' means lasting only a short time, 'ischemic' refers to the lack of oxygen, and 'attack' indicates a sudden event.
- 🚫 TIA symptoms typically resolve on their own and are not permanent.
- 🩸 Other types of strokes are more serious and permanent, including CVAs which involve long-term damage due to oxygen deprivation.
- 🔄 There are two types of CVAs: ischemic, caused by a blood clot, and hemorrhagic, caused by a ruptured blood vessel.
- 🌡️ Hypertension, with a systolic reading over 140, is the number one risk factor for strokes.
- 💊 Taking anti-hypertensive medications regularly can reduce the risk of stroke by up to 50%.
- ✈️ For stroke patients with hypertension, it's crucial to lower blood pressure slowly over 24 to 48 hours to prevent hypotension.
- 📚 SimpleNursing.com offers study materials, including practice questions and video rationales, to help students prepare for nursing exams.
Q & A
What is a stroke (CVA) and how does it occur?
-A stroke, also called a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), occurs when the brain lacks oxygen, typically due to a clot in a blood vessel that cuts off the oxygen supply to the brain. Strokes can also be caused by narrowed blood vessels or a ruptured vessel, such as in an aneurysm.
What is a TIA, and how is it different from a CVA?
-A TIA, or transient ischemic attack, is a 'tiny stroke' that occurs when there is a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain. Unlike CVAs, which cause permanent damage, TIAs are short-lived, often resolve on their own, and do not cause long-term damage.
What are the two types of CVAs?
-The two types of CVAs are ischemic strokes, which occur due to a blood clot (embolic or thrombotic stroke), and hemorrhagic strokes, which result from a ruptured blood vessel, causing bleeding in the brain.
Why is hypertension a key risk factor for strokes?
-Hypertension, particularly a systolic pressure over 140, is the most important risk factor for strokes. It can damage blood vessels in the brain, making them fragile and more prone to clots or rupture.
What can patients do to reduce the risk of a stroke?
-Patients can reduce their risk of stroke by controlling hypertension. Regularly taking anti-hypertensive medications can decrease stroke risk by up to 50%.
Why is it important to lower blood pressure gradually after a stroke?
-After a stroke, it's important to lower blood pressure gradually, especially if it's over 200 systolic, to avoid sudden drops that could lead to hypotension. This gradual reduction helps ensure a smooth recovery and prevents further complications.
What happens to brain tissue during a stroke?
-During a stroke, brain tissue dies due to a lack of oxygen. This can occur when blood flow is interrupted by a clot or when a blood vessel ruptures, leading to long-term or permanent damage in the case of a CVA.
What is an embolic stroke?
-An embolic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke caused by a blood clot (embolus) that travels to the brain and blocks blood flow, cutting off oxygen supply.
What is a hemorrhagic stroke and what causes it?
-A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding. This can increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and is often associated with conditions like aneurysms.
How does uncontrolled hypertension affect the brain’s blood vessels?
-Uncontrolled hypertension can stretch and weaken the blood vessels in the brain, making them more fragile and prone to rupture or clot formation, which increases the risk of strokes.
Outlines
🧠 Understanding Strokes (CVA) and Oxygen Deprivation
A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when the brain lacks oxygen. This is typically due to a blood clot that cuts off oxygen supply to the brain, causing tissue death. Strokes can also result from narrowed blood vessels, often due to atherosclerosis, or from a ruptured vessel in the brain (aneurysm). The paragraph introduces different types of strokes, emphasizing the brain's need for oxygen and the consequences when deprived.
💡 Types of Strokes: TIA vs. CVA
The paragraph explains the distinction between a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and a full-blown cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A TIA, often referred to as a 'mini-stroke,' involves a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain, causing symptoms that resolve on their own. By contrast, a CVA leads to permanent brain damage. The paragraph also introduces two main types of CVA: ischemic stroke (caused by a blood clot) and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by a ruptured blood vessel).
⚠️ Hypertension: The Key Risk Factor
Hypertension (high blood pressure), particularly systolic pressure over 140 mmHg, is identified as the primary risk factor for strokes. The paragraph stresses the importance of controlling hypertension to reduce the risk of a stroke by up to 50%. It mentions preparation for nursing exams, advising students to focus on hypertension as the main risk factor, while also hinting at additional study resources.
🩺 Stroke Prevention and Patient Education
This section focuses on stroke prevention through patient education. Patients are encouraged to take their antihypertensive medications regularly to lower stroke risk. The paragraph reinforces the importance of controlling systolic blood pressure, as both HESI and Kaplan identify hypertension as the leading cause of strokes.
🚨 Managing Hypertension Post-Stroke
For patients recovering from a stroke with high blood pressure (over 200 systolic), it's critical to lower the blood pressure slowly, avoiding any drastic drops that could lead to hypotension. This controlled approach is compared to landing a plane slowly and smoothly to prevent complications.
📲 Study Tools for Nursing Exams
The final paragraph encourages viewers to explore study tools like a new app-based NCLEX product. It highlights the app’s features, such as practice questions, video rationales, and comprehensive resources like cheat sheets, videos, and study guides. The paragraph ends with a call to action to subscribe and try the free trial of these resources.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Stroke
💡Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
💡Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
💡Ischemic Stroke
💡Hemorrhagic Stroke
💡Hypertension
💡Aneurysm
💡Blood Clot
💡Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
💡Antihypertensive Medication
Highlights
Strokes are caused by a lack of oxygen in the brain, typically due to a clot in a blood vessel.
Strokes can also be caused by narrowed blood vessels or a ruptured vessel (aneurysm).
TIA stands for Transient Ischemic Attack, which is a temporary stroke.
TIAs are characterized by a sudden, short-term lack of oxygen.
CVA (Cerebral Vascular Accident) is more serious and involves long-term, permanent damage.
There are two types of CVAs: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic.
Ischemic strokes are caused by low oxygen due to a blood clot.
Hemorrhagic strokes result from bleeding in the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel.
Hypertension is the number one risk factor for strokes.
Controlling hypertension can reduce the risk of stroke by up to 50%.
SimpleNursing.com offers an app with high-quality practice questions and video rationales.
The app includes a library of over 1,000 videos and study guides.
For stroke recovery, it's important to manage blood pressure carefully.
Keeping diastolic blood pressure over 170 for the first 24-48 hours after a stroke can prevent hypotension.
Landing blood pressure slowly is compared to landing a plane to prevent crashing into hypotension.
SimpleNursing.com is trusted by over 100,000 students for their educational needs.
The video concludes with a call to action for viewers to access a free trial and subscribe to the YouTube channel.
Transcripts
[Applause]
[Music]
Strokes also called a CVA is what
happens when the brain lacks oxygen
typically due to a clot in a blood
vessel which cuts off oxygen supply to
the brain so just like any organ without
oxygen the brain begins to die but
Strokes can also be caused by narrowed
blood vessels
which decreases oxygen delivery to the
brain like an atherosclerosis or even
sudden rupture of a vessel in the brain
known as an aneurysm either way the
brain lacks oxygen and tissues die now
for the type of Strokes we have Tia
known as a transient esic attack which I
remember Tia as a tiny stroke since we
have a tiny lack of oxygen now breaking
down the medical terminology transient
means lasting only a short time es schic
means the lack of oxygen and attack
means it happens suddenly but tias come
and go and often resolve by themselves
now the other types of Strokes are more
permanent so a CVA a cerebral vascular
accident just think cvas are more
serious we have no oxygen which means
long-term permanent damage now there are
two types of
cvas es schic meaning that low oxygen
typically from from a blood clot that
cuts off oxygen supply also called
embolic or thrombotic stroke and a
hemorrhagic stroke like an aneurysm so
bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel
resulting in high risk for increased ICP
now the number one risk factor and cause
to know for the enlex and nursing exams
write this down is
hypertension over 140 SI stolic this one
was stressed as the single most
important risk factor to pre vent a
stroke click here to check out our brand
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started for
free so the key term for prevention was
to instruct the patient to take their
anti-hypertensive medications regularly
since the stroke risk can be decrease by
up to 50% when hypertension is
controlled so hessie mentions the
highest risk for a stroke was that
hypertension over 140 cystolic and
Kaplan says that hypertension was the
highest risk factor for a CVA well why
though well think of the patho here
uncontrolled hypertension pounds those
little blood vessels inside the brain
stretching them out and making them very
fragile now a tricky enlex question for
a client recovering from a stroke with
hypertension over 200 cystolic the
intervention was to keep the cystolic
blood pressure over 170 for the first 24
to 48 hours this makes sure we lower the
pressure slowly sort of like Landing a
plane we land it slow and smooth no big
drops this prevents us from crashing
into hypotension so remember we need to
land that plane slow and steady thanks
for watching for our full video and new
quiz Bank click right up here to access
your free trial and please consider
subscribing to our YouTube channel last
but not least a big thanks to our team
of experts helping us make these great
videos all right guys see you next time
[Music]
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