Consecuencias de las guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas

unProfesor

30 Oct 201804:57

Summary

TLDRThis video, presented by Oscar from Un Profesor, explores the consequences of the Spanish-American wars of independence. It highlights the emergence of independent nation-states from former Spanish colonies in South America, the shift from colonial rule to military governments, and the internal struggles for power. The video also discusses the abolition of slavery and nobility, along with the initial economic downturn these new countries faced. For Spain, the loss of territories led to a severe economic crisis and marked the beginning of the end of its empire, culminating in the loss of its remaining colonies by the late 19th century.

Takeaways

🗽 The Spanish American Wars of Independence led to the creation of independent nations from former Spanish colonies in South America.
🏰 The monarchical government was abolished, and military governments were generally established in the newly formed countries.
🔥 There were internal struggles and sometimes civil wars as different factions fought for power in the new nations.
🌍 The native upper classes took control of the resources and government institutions in the newly independent countries.
🕍 Slavery was abolished in most of the new countries, and noble titles were also abolished.
🚢 Trade was initially affected, with a downturn in commerce as the new countries had to face economic struggles without the support of Spain.
📉 Spain lost territory and a source of income, leading to a severe economic crisis.
🏝 The loss of South American colonies marked the beginning of the end for the Spanish Empire.
🌿 Some islands and the Philippines remained under Spanish control until the late 19th century.
🌐 The independence movements in South America were part of a broader trend that eventually led to the loss of all Spanish overseas possessions.

Q & A

What was the main consequence of the Spanish American Wars of Independence?
-The primary consequence was the abolition of colonialism, leading to the creation of independent nations across South America that were no longer under Spanish rule.
How did the governance structure change in the newly independent nations?
-The monarchical governments dependent on Spain were abolished and replaced by military governments, as the military leaders who had won independence through armed struggle became the rulers of the new nations.
What internal issues arose in these newly independent nations after gaining sovereignty?
-There were internal power struggles and even civil wars, as different factions vied for control over the newly established governments.
Who gained control of resources and governance in the new countries after independence?
-The local elite or upper classes, who were natives of the colonies, took control of the government and resources, previously managed by the colonial administration.
What was one social consequence related to slavery in the new South American nations?
-In most of the newly independent countries, slavery was abolished.
How did the status of the nobility change in the post-independence countries?
-Nobility titles and privileges were abolished in the new independent nations.
What impact did independence have on trade and commerce in the former colonies?
-Initially, trade was negatively affected because the new nations could no longer rely on Spain for support in foreign markets. However, trade gradually recovered over time.
What was one major consequence of the wars of independence for Spain?
-Spain lost significant territory and sources of income, as it could no longer extract resources from its former colonies in South America.
How did the loss of the colonies affect Spain's economy?
-Spain entered a severe economic crisis due to the loss of its South American territories and the resources that came with them.
What did the independence of South America signify for the Spanish Empire?
-It marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire, which would eventually lose all its overseas possessions, including the Philippines and Cuba by the end of the 19th century.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Introduction to the Spanish American Wars of Independence

Oscar, the host, welcomes viewers to a new session on history, focusing on the consequences of the Spanish American Wars of Independence at the beginning of the 19th century. He explains that these wars led to the end of colonialism in South America, resulting in the creation of independent nations from Spain. The session aims to explore the detailed consequences of these revolutions.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Hispanoamerican Wars of Independence

The Hispanoamerican Wars of Independence refers to the series of conflicts in the early 19th century that led to the liberation of Spanish colonies in South America. These wars were pivotal in ending colonial rule and establishing independent nations. In the script, Oscar discusses how these wars resulted in the creation of sovereign states from what were once Spanish colonies.

💡Abolition of Colonialism

The abolition of colonialism signifies the end of the political and economic control exerted by Spain over its South American colonies. The script mentions this as a primary consequence of the wars, leading to the emergence of independent nations and the end of monarchical rule dependent on the metropolis.

💡Nations

A nation refers to a large group of people sharing a common culture, language, or history. The script discusses the emergence of new nations from the former Spanish colonies, highlighting the transformation from colonies to sovereign states with self-governance.

💡Military Governments

Military governments are those controlled by active or retired military personnel. The script explains that after achieving independence through armed conflict, military figures often assumed power, leading to the establishment of military governments in the newly independent nations.

💡Internal Struggles

Internal struggles refer to conflicts within a country, often over power and resources. The script mentions that the establishment of new governments led to many internal power struggles and even civil wars, as different factions vied for control.

💡Native Elites

Native elites are the upper classes of the native population within a country. The script points out that after independence, these native elites took control of the government and resources, replacing the former colonial rulers.

💡Abolition of Slavery

The abolition of slavery is the formal ending of the institution of slavery. The script notes that in most of the newly independent countries, slavery was abolished, marking a significant social change post-independence.

💡Nobility and Titles

Nobility refers to a social class with hereditary titles and privileges. The script mentions that the nobility and their titles were abolished in the new nations, reflecting a shift away from the old colonial social hierarchy.

💡Trade

Trade involves the exchange of goods and services between different parties or countries. The script discusses how the new nations faced economic challenges as they lost the support of Spain in trade, initially leading to a downturn but eventually recovering.

💡Metropolis

A metropolis is a large, important city, often serving as the capital or a major cultural center. In the context of the script, the term refers to Spain, which previously directed the colonies' affairs and benefited from their resources.

💡Economic Crisis

An economic crisis is a period of negative economic growth or contraction. The script explains that Spain entered a severe economic crisis after losing its colonies, as it lost a significant source of income and resources.

💡Decline of the Spanish Empire

The decline of the Spanish Empire refers to the loss of territories and influence that Spain experienced, particularly in the 19th century. The script describes how the independence of South American colonies marked the beginning of the end for the Spanish Empire.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of the Spanish American Wars of Independence.

Emphasis on the early 19th-century uprisings leading to the abolition of colonialism in South America.

Discussion on the emergence of new nations from former Spanish colonies.

Explanation of the shift from monarchical government to military rule post-independence.

Highlighting the internal struggles and civil wars that ensued after gaining independence.

Mention of the native upper classes taking control of resources and government.

Abolition of slavery in most newly independent countries.

Abolition of nobility and noble titles in the new nations.

Impact of independence on trade and commerce, initially facing a downturn.

Spain's loss of territory and the subsequent economic crisis post-independence.

The beginning of the end for the Spanish Empire due to the loss of South American colonies.

Mention of remaining Spanish territories like the Philippines and Cuba.

The eventual loss of all overseas possessions by Spain by the end of the 19th century.

Summary of the consequences for both the colonies and Spain.

Invitation to visit the website for further study and exercises on the topic.

Closing remarks and anticipation for the next session.