KELAS X - KERAJAAN SRIWIJAYA ( Sejarah )

Summary

This video explores the history of the Sriwijaya Kingdom, a powerful maritime empire on the island of Sumatra. Known for its strong economy and military, Sriwijaya controlled important trade routes between India and China. The kingdom was also a major center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Despite its strength, it faced multiple attacks, including from the Medang Kamulan and Cholamandala kingdoms, leading to its decline by the 12th century. The video also highlights key historical sources, inscriptions, and relics that provide insight into Sriwijaya's past.

Takeaways

• 📍 The Sriwijaya Kingdom was a maritime power located in Sumatra, with influence stretching from Cambodia to Borneo.
• 🌟 The name 'Sriwijaya' means 'glorious victory', reflecting the kingdom's military and economic prowess.
• 🏛 Historical sources like Chinese records and inscriptions provide evidence of Sriwijaya's existence, with the oldest inscription dating back to 686 AD.
• 🌐 Sriwijaya was initially centered in Muara Takus, Riau, before shifting its capital to Palembang for better regional control.
• 🙏 Buddhism flourished in Sriwijaya, making it a significant center of Mahayana Buddhism in Southeast and East Asia.
• 👑 The kingdom was founded by King Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa and reached its zenith under King Balaputradewa in the 9th century.
• 🌊 Sriwijaya controlled key trade routes, including the Malacca and Sunda Straits, and was a hub for trade between India and China.
• 💰 The kingdom's economy was bolstered by trade in valuable commodities like spices, metals, and agricultural products.
• 🛳️ Sriwijaya had a strong naval fleet, cooperating with Indian and Chinese royal fleets to maintain its maritime dominance.
• 📉 The kingdom declined in the 12th century due to attacks from the Medang Kamulan Kingdom and the Cholamandala kingdom, as well as internal rebellions and external pressures.
• ⏳ The fall of Sriwijaya was marked by the conquest by the Majapahit in 1477, ending its rule and influence.

Q & A

What is the meaning of the name 'Sriwijaya'?

'Sriwijaya' comes from the Sanskrit words 'Sri,' meaning shining or radiant, and 'Wijaya,' meaning victory. Together, it means 'glorious victory.'

Where was the Sriwijaya Kingdom located?

The Sriwijaya Kingdom was a maritime kingdom located on the island of Sumatra, with its territory stretching from Cambodia, southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Java, and the coasts of the island of Borneo.

What are the primary historical sources for learning about the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The primary historical sources include Chinese news (especially from the Chinese monk I Tsing), as well as several inscriptions such as the Kedukan Bukit Inscription, Talang Tuo Inscription, and the Ligor Inscription.

What was the role of I Tsing in the history of Sriwijaya?

I Tsing was a Chinese monk who visited Sriwijaya in the 7th century. He observed that Sriwijaya was a center for Buddhism, where scholars studied under Buddhist teachers, such as Sakyakirti.

Where was the original center of the Sriwijaya Kingdom according to historical findings?

Originally, the center of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was believed to be in Muara Takus, Riau, as indicated by inscriptions and archaeological findings.

Who was the first king of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The first king of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was Dapunta Hyang Srijayanasa, as recorded in inscriptions such as the Talang Tuo and Kedukan Bukit inscriptions.

Which king led Sriwijaya to its golden age, and what were his accomplishments?

King Balaputradewa led Sriwijaya to its golden age in the 9th century. He established diplomatic relations with kingdoms in India, Bengal, and China, and maintained Sriwijaya's dominance in trade.

What were the main economic activities of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The people of Sriwijaya were mainly involved in trade and shipping, controlling the trade routes between India and China. They traded goods like frankincense, pepper, resin, metal, agarwood, cloves, and spices.

What were the factors that contributed to the prosperity of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

Sriwijaya's prosperity was due to its strategic location along important trade routes, control over the Malacca and Sunda Straits, valuable agricultural products like spices and gold, and a strong naval fleet.

What factors led to the decline and fall of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The decline of Sriwijaya was caused by several factors, including attacks from the Medang Kamulan Kingdom in East Java, the Cholamandala Kingdom of India, internal revolts from conquered territories, pressure from the Thai Kingdom, and an eventual conquest by the Majapahit Empire in 1477 AD.