Music of the Classical Period | Music 9 | Quarter 2 | Weeks1-2 | MELC Based

Summary

This lesson explores classical period music, focusing on sonatas, concertos, and symphonies. It introduces the structure of these compositions and their significance in showcasing individual talent. The script highlights the role of opera, with examples of opera seria and opera buffa. It also discusses the characteristics of classical music, such as homophonic texture and the use of alberti bass. The lesson covers the period's cultural context and its influential composers: Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, emphasizing their contributions to music history.

Takeaways

• 🎼 The classical period's music is characterized by clarity, balance, and formal beauty.
• 📚 Sonata is a multi-movement composition for solo instrument or small ensemble, derived from the word 'sonner' meaning to make a sound.
• 🎹 Sonata form typically includes exposition, development, and recapitulation sections.
• 🎻 The concerto is a multi-movement work for a solo instrument and orchestra, highlighting the soloist's virtuosity.
• 🎶 A concerto usually consists of three movements: fast, slow, and fast, often ending with a rondo.
• 🎵 Symphony comes from 'sinfonia', meaning a harmonious sounding together, and is an elaborate musical form.
• 🎭 Opera has two main styles: opera seria (serious) and opera buffa (comic), with examples like 'The Marriage of Figaro'.
• 🎶 Classical music is generally homophonic with dynamics shown through crescendos and diminuendos.
• 🏛️ The classical era spans from 1750 to 1820, known as the Age of Reason, with music reflecting orderliness and elegance.
• 🎵 Franz Joseph Haydn is known as the 'Father of the Symphony' and 'Father of the String Quartet', composing over 100 symphonies.
• 🎼 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is recognized as a musical genius, composing over 700 works including operas and symphonies.
• 🎶 Ludwig van Beethoven bridged the late classical and early romantic eras, known for his innovative and emotionally expressive music.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the lesson on classical music?

The main objective is for participants to be able to recognize the musical elements of classical music and to show appreciation for it through listening to both vocal and instrumental music.

What does the term 'sonata' mean and what is its significance in classical music?

The term 'sonata' comes from the word 'sonner', meaning to make a sound. It refers to a musical composition composed of multiple movements for a solo instrument or a small instrumental ensemble, and is significant for its variety of applications in classical music.

What are the three main parts of a sonata form in classical music?

The three main parts of a sonata form are the exposition, where themes are introduced; the development, where themes are explored; and the recapitulation, which repeats the theme as it first emerged.

What is a concerto and how does it differ from a sonata?

A concerto is a multi-movement work composed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra, emphasizing the individuality and virtuosity of the soloist. It differs from a sonata in that it includes an orchestra and is designed to showcase the soloist's skills.

What are the three typical movements found in a classical concerto?

The three typical movements in a classical concerto are fast, slow, and fast, with the first movement usually in sonata allegro form, the second movement slow and more ornate, and the third movement fast, often resembling the finale of a symphony.

What is a symphony and what does the term originate from?

A symphony is a large-scale orchestral work and the term originates from 'sinfonia', which means 'a harmonious sounding together'.

What are the two distinct styles of opera mentioned in the script?

The two distinct styles of opera mentioned are 'opera seria', which is serious opera often involving mythological characters, and 'opera buffa', which is comic opera using everyday characters and situations.

What is meant by 'homophonic' harmony and texture in classical music?

Homophonic harmony and texture in classical music refer to a style where a single melodic line is supported by chords, creating a clear melody over a harmonic background.

Who are the three great composers discussed in the script and what are their contributions?

The three great composers discussed are Franz Joseph Haydn, known as the 'Father of the Symphony' and 'Father of the String Quartet'; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, recognized as a musical genius and prolific composer of sonatas, concertos, symphonies, and operas; and Ludwig van Beethoven, who bridged the late classical era and the early romantic era with his compositions.

What is special about Mozart's musical abilities according to the script?

Mozart was an exceptional musical prodigy, playing the violin and piano at the age of five, recognized as an exceptional pianist by six, and composing excellent music by seven.

What challenges did Beethoven face in his career and how did they affect his music?

Beethoven faced the challenge of deafness, which started around the age of 30, but it did not hinder his composing; he continued to create famous compositions with the help of an assistant and hearing devices.

Outlines

00:00

🎼 Introduction to Classical Music

This paragraph introduces the classical period in music history, emphasizing the listener's expected understanding of musical elements and appreciation for classical music. It discusses the sonata form, which is a multi-movement composition for solo instruments or small ensembles. The paragraph outlines the structure of a sonata, including exposition, development, and recapitulation. Additionally, it touches on the concerto, a multi-movement work for a soloist and orchestra, highlighting the individuality and virtuosity of the solo instrument. The concerto's three movements are described: fast, slow, and fast, with the first movement in sonata allegro form, the second movement slow and ornate, and the third movement fast, often in rondo form. The paragraph also introduces the symphony, a large-scale musical work that originated from the word 'sinfonia,' meaning a harmonious sounding together.

05:03

🎭 Opera and Musical Styles in Classical Era

Paragraph 2 delves into the two main styles of opera during the classical period: opera seria, which is serious and often based on mythological characters, and opera buffa, which is comic and uses everyday characters and situations. It mentions notable composers like Mozart and their contributions to these opera forms. The paragraph also discusses the characteristics of classical music, such as homophonic harmony and texture, the use of dynamics like crescendo and diminuendo, and the practice of Alberti bass. The classical era's time frame from 1750 to 1820 is provided, along with its cultural context, including the influence of the aristocracy on music. The paragraph concludes with a brief overview of the shift towards a new style in music and the arts, reflecting changes in the economic and social order.

10:05

🎵 Great Composers of the Classical Period

This paragraph focuses on the great composers of the classical period, starting with Franz Joseph Haydn, known as the father of the symphony and the string quartet. It provides a brief biography, including his rise from humble beginnings to becoming a musical director for the Esterházy family. Haydn's musical style, characterized by calmness, balance, and humor, is highlighted, along with his significant contributions to musical forms and styles. The paragraph then moves on to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, recognized as a musical genius from a young age. It outlines his early accomplishments in playing instruments, composing, and creating over 700 compositions, including sonatas, concertos, symphonies, and operas. The challenges Mozart faced, such as financial mismanagement and early death, are also mentioned. The paragraph concludes with a brief introduction to Ludwig van Beethoven, who bridged the late classical and early romantic eras. His musical development, despite his deafness, and some of his famous compositions are noted.

15:10

👏 Conclusion and Applause

The final paragraph is brief and consists of applause, indicating the end of the discussion or performance. It signifies the appreciation of the audience for the insights shared about classical music and its composers.

Keywords

💡Classical Period

The Classical Period refers to a time in Western music history from about 1750 to 1820. It is characterized by a shift towards clarity, balance, and formal beauty in compositions. This period was dominated by the aristocracy as patrons of musicians and artists, influencing the arts significantly. The music of this era was orderly, with a focus on structure and form over emotional expression. The script mentions composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, who were pivotal figures during this period.

💡Sonata

A sonata is a musical composition typically consisting of multiple movements for a solo instrument or a small ensemble. It is derived from the word 'sonare,' meaning 'to sound.' Sonatas are significant in classical music, often showcasing the virtuosity of a single instrument. The script explains that sonatas have different sections like exposition, development, and recapitulation, which are crucial for understanding the structure of classical compositions.

💡Concerto

A concerto is a multi-movement work composed for a solo instrument and an orchestra, designed to highlight the individuality and virtuosity of the soloist. The script mentions that concertos usually have three movements: fast, slow, and fast, with the first movement often in sonata form. Examples of solo instruments in concertos include violin, piano, and various wind instruments. The concerto is a key form that demonstrates the technical prowess of both the composer and the performer.

💡Symphony

A symphony is a large-scale musical composition, typically for an orchestra, that originated from the word 'sinfonia,' meaning 'a harmonious sounding together.' The script describes symphonies as elaborate musical pieces that often include multiple movements. They are a significant part of the classical period and are characterized by their formal structure and expressive range. Composers like Haydn and Mozart contributed greatly to the development of the symphony form.

💡Opera

Opera is a theatrical art form that combines music, singing, and acting to convey a dramatic story. The script distinguishes between two main types of opera: 'opera seria,' which is serious and often based on mythological characters, and 'opera buffa,' which is comic and uses everyday characters. Mozart's 'The Marriage of Figaro' and 'Don Giovanni' are mentioned as examples of popular opera buffa.

💡Homophonic

Homophonic texture in music refers to a texture where a single melodic line is supported by chords, creating a clear harmonic structure. The script notes that classical music, in general, has a homophonic texture, which contributes to its clarity and balance. This texture is in contrast to polyphonic music, where multiple independent melodies are played simultaneously.

💡Alberti Bass

The Alberti bass is a style of broken chord accompaniment named after the Italian composer Domenico Alberti. It is characterized by a repeated pattern of chords in the bass, often used to accompany a melody. The script mentions this practice as part of the classical era's musical language, adding a rhythmic and harmonic foundation to compositions.

💡Franz Joseph Haydn

Franz Joseph Haydn, born in 1732 and died in 1809, was an Austrian composer who played a significant role in the development of the symphony and the string quartet. Known as the 'Father of the Symphony' and 'Father of the String Quartet,' Haydn composed over 100 symphonies and numerous chamber works. His music reflects his personality—calm, balanced, serious, yet with a touch of humor.

💡Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born in 1756 and died in 1791, was a prolific and influential composer of the classical era. Mozart composed operas, symphonies, concertos, and chamber music, and is considered one of the greatest musical geniuses. Despite his early talent and extensive compositions, Mozart faced financial difficulties and died at a young age. Works like 'The Marriage of Figaro' and 'Don Giovanni' are mentioned in the script as examples of his operatic genius.

💡Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven, born in 1770 and died in 1827, was a German composer and pianist who bridged the classical and romantic eras of Western music. Beethoven's compositions became more dramatic and expressive as he faced increasing deafness. His works, such as the 'Eroica Symphony' and 'Missa Solemnis,' are characterized by their emotional depth and innovative forms. Despite his personal struggles, Beethoven's music continues to be celebrated for its profound impact on the development of music.

Highlights

Introduction to the music of the Classical period and its elements.

Definition of 'sonata' and its evolution from the word 'sonner'.

Explanation of the structure of a sonata, including exposition, development, and recapitulation.

Discussion on the concerto, its multi-movement form, and the role of the soloist and orchestra.

Identification of common solo instruments used in classical concertos.

Description of the three movements in a concerto: fast, slow, and fast.

Definition and origin of the term 'symphony' and its characteristics.

Differentiation between opera seria and opera buffa, with examples of each.

Explanation of the homophonic texture and dynamics in classical music.

Introduction to the concept of Alberti bass in accompaniment.

Overview of the Classical era's time frame and its cultural significance.

Description of the influence of aristocracy on the arts during the Classical period.

Characteristics of classical music: orderly, clear, balanced, and emphasizing formal beauty.

Biography and contributions of Franz Joseph Haydn, known as the 'Father of the Symphony'.

Biography and musical achievements of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, including his early prodigy status.

Biography and the impact of Ludwig van Beethoven, who bridged the Classical and Romantic eras.

Characteristics of Beethoven's music, including his use of larger orchestras and darker moods.

Transcripts

hello everyone good day

today we will discuss the music of the

classical period

at the end of this lesson you are

expected to be able to recognize the

musical elements of the given classical

music

and show appreciation of classical music

through listening

vocal and instrumental music

sonata it came from the word sonner

which means to make a sound

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sonata is a musical composition composed

of multi movement for solo instrument or

a small instrumental ensemble

the term sonair is applied to a variety

of works

for a solo instrument such as keyboard

or violin

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so

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you

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so

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of a composition in sonata form that

introduces the team

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next development the middle

part of the sonata allegro form

where themes are being developed it

explores the harmonic and

textural possibilities of the thematic

material last section

recapitulation repeats the theme

as it first emerged in the opening

exposition

let us discuss the concerto

concerto is composed of multi-movement

work and it is made for an instrumental

soloist and orchestra this classical

form of music

is intended primarily to emphasize the

individuality

of the solo instrument and to exhibit

the virtuosity and interpretative

abilities of the performer

the solo instruments in classical

concertos

include violin shallow clarinet

bassoon trumpet horn and piano

a concerto has three movements the fast

slow and fast

the three movements in concerto are

first movement past sonata allegro form

with expositions

of the orchestra and then by the soloist

second movement slow has more

ornamentation

than the first movement third movement

fast the finale usually in the form of

rondo resembling the last movement of

the symphony

and usually a short cadenza is used

what is symphony symphony

is derived from the word sinfonia which

literally means

a harmonious sounding together

it is an elaborate musical

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do

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and singers perform a dramatic

theatrical

setting the two distinct styles of opera

are the following

first the opera seria serious opera

this usually implies heroic or tragic

drama that employs mythological

characters

this was inherited from the baroque

period

in dominion by mazzart is an example of

opera syria

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next the opera bupa

comic opera this is from italy

comic opera made use of everyday

characters and situations

and typically employed spoken dialogues

lengthy areas and was spies with side

dogs

not a humor and social satire the

marriage of figaro

don giovanni and the magic cloth are

examples of popular opera buffa by

mozart

basically the harmony and the texture in

the classical music are homophonic in

general

the dynamics which pertain to the

loudness

and softness were clearly shown through

the extensive use of crescendo

and diminuendo there is also practice of

alberti bass this means that there is a

style of broken chord

accompaniment

classical era

is the period from 1750 to 1820

it is also known as the age of reason

during that day the cultural life was

dominated by the aristocracy

as patrons of musicians and artists

who have commonly influenced the arts

significant changes in musical forms and

styles

were made the music of this period was

generally

of an orderly nature with qualities of

clarity

and balance and emphasizing formal

beauty rather than

emotional expression

classicism in the middle of 18th century

europe began to move toward a new style

in architecture literature and the arts

this

push changes in the economics order

and in social structure the instrumental

music was patronized

primarily by the nobility

classical denotes conformity with the

principles and characteristics of

ancient greek and roman literature

and art which were formal elegant simple

freed and dignified there is also

practice of

alberti bass this means that there is a

style of broken chord accompaniment

let us discuss the great composers

during the period

first is franz joseph hayden

he was born on march 31 1732

in rauru australia and died

on may 31 1809 in vienna

his life was described as a rug story

chess story

he is from a poor family and his music

led him to rise

in his social status he was hired by

rich patrons

and eventually became a musical director

for the esther hazy family for 30

years

his personality and character reflect

in his music and this are calm

balance serious but with touches of

humor

he has a great contribution in the

establishment of the forms

and styles for the string quartet and

the symphony

haydn composed more than 100 symphonies

and improved them into long forms for a

large orchestra

hayden was named father of the symphony

and father of the string quartet

most of symphonies that he composed have

its nickname such as the

surprise symphony dakla

and the military

he also wrote chamber piano music and

coral works

next the man let us discuss the wolfgang

amadeus mozart

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he is born on january 27 1756

in salzburg the archbishop warwick

of salzburg austria died

on december 5 1791 in vienna

he is widely recognized as one of the

great composers

in the history of western music and

considered as the

most amazing genius in musical history

he was already playing the villain and

the harpy scored at the age of five

and when he was six years old he was

recognized as an exceptional pianist

again amazing genius at the early age

furthermore at the age of seven he was

already composing

excellent music

he had written sonatas concertos

symphonies religious works and operas

and operators

in the age of 13 years old

he created more than 700 compositions

due to mismanaged finances mozart

lived his life in poverty and died young

and was buried

in an unknown grave indica managed

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some of the wonderful compositions

concertos

operas and symphonies of mossart are the

marriage of figaro

don giovanni and the magic blue

yanyu popular

or male compositions

other known works in plain nash music

symphony number 40 in g major

and sanatana number 11 in amy

next month ludwig

van beethoven he was born and baptized

on december 17 1770

in bonn germany

he was died on march 26

1827 in vienna austria

beth hogan belongs to the family of

musicians

and he studied music at the early age

he is the predominant of composer who

bridged the late classical

era and the early romantic era

he is brilliant pianist and

composer beth hogan started

going deep when he was around 30 years

old

although he could no longer hear well

enough

to play the piano this did not became

an hindrance and he continued composing

with the help

of an assistant and hearing gadget

going

but not in natural way some of the

compositions

he made when he was deaf became famous

he has famous compositions that include

32 piano sonatas

21 set of variations 9 symphonies

5 concertos for piano

string quartets and choral music

the misa solomnis and opera fidelio

are included to their works his known

symphonies are symphony

heroica pastoral

coral which add voices to the orchestra

characteristics of beth hogan works

his music veered toward larger

orchestras

shalos gave his music a darker mood

and sound was centered on the violas and

lower registers

of the villains

all teams

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you