MUSIC Grade 9 - Music of Classical Period - (2nd Quarter MAPEH)

Summary

In today's lesson, we explore the music of the Classical period (1750-1820), focusing on its cultural context and notable forms like the sonata, concerto, and symphony. The lecture highlights the era's aristocratic patronage and introduces key composers such as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, discussing their contributions and famous works. The lesson concludes with the influence of Classical music on modern media and assignments for further study.

Takeaways

• 🎼 The Classical Period, also known as the Age of Reason, spanned from 1750 to 1820 and was characterized by music that was formal, elegant, simple, and dignified.
• 🏛 The aristocracy dominated cultural life during the Classical Era, influencing the arts and music as patrons of musicians and artists.
• 🎵 Harmony and texture in Classical music were predominantly homophonic, meaning a single melody with accompanying harmony.
• 🎹 The Sonata, a multi-movement work for a solo instrument, typically included three movements: fast (Allegro), slow (Andante/Largo), and a Minuet in triple time.
• 🎻 Sonata Allegro form was a significant development of the Classical Era, consisting of an exposition, development, and recapitulation sections.
• 🎼 The Concerto was a multi-movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra, often featuring a fast finale in rondo form.
• 🎵 The Symphony, derived from 'sinfonia', was a multi-movement work for the whole orchestra, typically with four movements.
• 🎭 Opera was a popular vocal music form during the Classical period, with two distinct styles: Opera Seria (serious opera) and Opera Buffa (comic opera).
• 🎶 Important musical terms from the period include 'Sinfonia', 'Aria', 'Recitative', 'Bel Canto', and 'Alberti Bass', a broken chord accompaniment pattern.
• 👨‍🎻 Prominent composers of the Classical period include Joseph Haydn, known as the father of the symphony; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a child prodigy; and Ludwig van Beethoven, who bridged the Classical and Romantic eras.
• 🎧 The works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven continue to be popular today and are often used in animated series and other modern media.

Q & A

What is the time period of the Classical era in music?

The Classical era in music is from 1750 to 1820.

Who dominated the cultural life during the Classical period?

The aristocracy dominated the cultural life during the Classical period.

What does the term 'Classical' denote in relation to music?

The term 'Classical' denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greek and Roman literature and art, which were formal, elegant, simple, freed, and dignified.

What is a sonata and how many movements does it typically have?

A sonata is a multi-movement work for a solo instrument, typically having three movements: Allegro (fast), Andante/Largo (slow), and Minuet (moderate or fast).

What is the sonata-allegro form and what are its three sections?

The sonata-allegro form is the most important form developed during the Classical era. It consists of three sections: Exposition (introduces the theme), Development (middle part where themes are developed), and Recapitulation (repeats the theme as it first emerged in the exposition).

What is a concerto and what are its movements?

A concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It has three movements: fast (sonata-allegro form), slow (with more ornamentation), and fast (finale, usually in rondo form).

What is a symphony and how many movements does it generally have?

A symphony is a multi-movement work for orchestra. It generally has four movements: fast (sonata-allegro form), slow (gentle, lyrical, typically ABA form or theme and variation), medium or fast (dance form like minuet or scherzo), and fast (typically rondo or sonata form).

What is an opera and what are its two distinct styles during the Classical period?

An opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. The two distinct styles during the Classical period are Opera Seria (serious opera with heroic or tragic drama) and Opera Buffa (comic opera from Italy with everyday characters and situations).

Who are three famous composers from the Classical period and what are some of their notable works?

Three famous composers from the Classical period are: 1) Franz Joseph Haydn (Surprise Symphony, The Clock, The Military), 2) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute), 3) Ludwig van Beethoven (Symphony No. 3 'Eroica', Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 9 'Choral').

How did the works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven influence modern media?

The works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven are still popular today and are commonly used as music in animated series of popular cartoon companies such as Looney Tunes, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, and Pixar.

Outlines

00:00

🎵 Introduction to Classical Music

The lesson begins with an introduction to the classical period of music, spanning from 1750 to 1820. This era, known as the Age of Reason, saw significant changes in musical forms and styles influenced by the aristocracy. Music of this period is characterized by formal, elegant, simple, and dignified compositions. The lesson highlights homophonic harmony and introduces key instrumental music forms such as sonata, sonata-allegro form, concerto, and symphony, detailing their structures and characteristics.

05:00

🎭 Classical Opera and Key Terms

This section explores the two main styles of classical opera: opera seria (serious opera) and opera buffa (comic opera). It explains how opera seria features mythological and heroic themes, while opera buffa involves everyday characters and humor. The section also defines important musical terms like singspiel, aria, recitative, bel canto, grand opera, music drama, and alberti bass, providing a deeper understanding of the components and styles of classical vocal music.

10:03

🎼 Famous Classical Composers

An introduction to prominent classical composers: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. Haydn, known as the father of the symphony, rose from poverty to fame. Mozart, a child prodigy, composed over 700 works but lived in poverty due to financial mismanagement. Beethoven, who continued to compose despite going deaf, bridged the classical and romantic eras. The section also highlights some of their famous works and mentions how their music is still popular today, often used in animated series and movies.

📚 Summary and Activities

The lesson concludes by emphasizing that classical music was closely associated with nobility, as wealthy patrons supported musicians who performed in courts. This association continues in some parts of the world, although radio and TV have made classical music more accessible to the masses. The lesson ends with instructions for students' activities in their music modules for the second quarter, noting that module 3 follows module 1 due to the absence of module 2.

Keywords

💡Classical Period

The Classical Period, also known as the Age of Reason, spans from 1750 to 1820 and is characterized by a focus on formal elegance, simplicity, and harmony in the arts. In the context of the video, this era is the central theme, highlighting how music from this period was influenced by aristocratic patrons and featured significant changes in musical forms and styles.

💡Homophonic

Homophonic refers to a type of musical texture where one voice or melody is prominent, supported by other voices that provide harmony. The video describes the harmony and texture of the Classical Period as homophonic, indicating that the music from this time typically featured a clear melody with accompanying harmonies, as opposed to complex polyphonic textures.

💡Sonata

A Sonata is a multi-movement work for a solo instrument, such as a keyboard or violin. The term 'sonata' is derived from 'sonare,' meaning 'to make a sound.' In the video, sonatas are discussed as a key form of instrumental music during the Classical Period, with three movements: fast (allegro), slow (andante or largo), and a minuet in triple time.

💡Sonata Allegro Form

Sonata Allegro Form is a musical structure that was significantly developed during the Classical Period. It consists of three main sections: exposition, development, and recapitulation. The video explains that this form was used to introduce, develop, and then repeat themes, which is central to the understanding of the musical compositions from this era.

💡Concerto

A Concerto is a multi-movement work for an instrumental soloist accompanied by an orchestra. The video mentions that concertos typically have three movements, with the first being fast and in sonata allegro form, the second slow and more ornate, and the third fast and often in rondo form, showcasing the soloist's virtuosity.

💡Symphony

A Symphony is a large-scale musical work for a full orchestra, derived from 'sinfonia,' meaning a harmonious sounding together. The video describes the symphony as having four movements, with the first in fast sonata allegro form, the second slow and lyrical, the third often in a dance form like minuet, and the fourth typically fast and in rondo or sonata form.

💡Opera

Opera is a theatrical art form that combines music, singing, and acting to tell a story. The video distinguishes two main styles of opera during the Classical Period: opera seria, which is serious and often involves mythological characters, and opera buffa, which is comic and features everyday characters and situations.

💡Bel Canto

Bel Canto is an Italian term meaning 'beautiful singing.' It refers to a style of singing that emphasizes the beauty and expressiveness of the voice. The video mentions this term as an important aspect of opera during the Classical Period, where the focus was on the virtuosity and beauty of the vocal performance.

💡Alberti Bass

Alberti Bass is a specific type of broken chord accompaniment pattern where the notes of a chord are played in an ascending then descending order, often used in Classical Period music. The video describes this as a special accompaniment technique that contributes to the distinctive sound of the era.

💡Joseph Haydn

Joseph Haydn is mentioned in the video as one of the most prominent composers of the Classical Period, known as the 'Father of the Symphony.' His music, which includes many symphonies with nicknames like 'The Surprise' and 'The Clock,' exemplifies the characteristics of the era and had a significant influence on the development of Western classical music.

💡Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is described in the video as a child prodigy and a genius in musical history. His compositions, which span various musical forms including concertos, symphonies, and operas like 'The Marriage of Figaro,' 'Don Giovanni,' and 'The Magic Flute,' showcase the creativity and innovation of the Classical Period.

💡Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven is portrayed in the video as a composer who bridged the Classical and Romantic eras. Despite his struggle with deafness, he continued to compose famous works such as his Symphony No. 9 'Choral,' the 'Moonlight Sonata,' and 'Für Elise,' which are still widely recognized and celebrated today.

Highlights

The classical period, also known as the Age of Reason, spanned from 1750 to 1820.

Cultural life during the classical era was dominated by the aristocracy who influenced the arts as patrons.

Significant changes in musical forms and styles occurred during the classical period.

The term 'classical' denotes conformity with the principles of ancient Greek and Roman literature and art.

Harmony and texture during the classical period are generally homophonic.

A sonata is a multi-movement work for a solo instrument, with three distinct movements.

The sonata allegro form is the most important form developed during the classical era, consisting of exposition, development, and recapitulation sections.

A concerto is a multi-movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra, typically in three movements.

The symphony is a multi-movement work for the whole orchestra, derived from the word 'sinfonia'.

Classical opera became popular during the classical period, with two distinct styles: opera seria and opera buffa.

Opera seria refers to serious operas with heroic or tragic drama, often involving mythological characters.

Opera buffa, or comic opera, originated from Italy and features everyday characters and situations.

Important terms to remember include sinfonia, aria, recitative, bel canto, grand opera, and alberti bass.

Joseph Haydn is known as the father of the symphony and composed many symphonies with nicknames.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a child prodigy and composed over 700 works in various musical genres.

Ludwig van Beethoven bridged the late classical era and the early romantic era as a composer and pianist.

Beethoven continued composing even after becoming deaf, with famous works like the Moonlight Sonata and Symphony No. 9.

The works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven are still popular today and are used in animated series and cartoons.

Classical music of the era was associated with the nobility and played in courts, making it more familiar to the upper classes.

With the advent of radio and TV, classical music became more accessible to the masses.

Transcripts

[Music]

good day students

in today's lesson we will be proceeding

to another mapping component

which is music the second quarter lesson

for music will focus on the classical

period

so let's start with a little background

about the classical times

and the kind of music produced during

this time

the classical era also called age of

reason

is the period from 1750 to 1820.

the cultural life was dominated by the

aristocracy

as patrons of musicians and artists who

generally

influenced the arts significant changes

in musical forms and styles were made

the term classical denotes conformity

with the principles and characteristics

of ancient greece

and roman literature and art which were

formal

elegant simple freed and dignified

harmony and texture during the classical

period

is homophonic in general

now let's proceed to the different vocal

and instrumental music

that became famous during the classical

period

let's start with the different kinds of

instrumental music

meaning music that has no voice and only

music

the first one is what we call sonata

this is a multi-movement work for solo

instrument

sonata came from the word sonare which

means

to make a sound this term is applied to

a variety of works for a solo instrument

such as keyboard or violin there are

three movements in a sonata

first movement is allegro which is a

fast

movement second movement has a slow

tempo

like andante largo etc

this is mostly lyrical and emotional

and the third movement is called minuet

it is in three four time and in a

moderate or fast

tempo next one is what we call

sonata allegra form this is the most

important form

that was developed during the classical

era and it consists

of three distinct sections the first

section

is called exposition this is the first

part of a composition

in sonata form that introduces the theme

second is development this is the middle

part of the sonata allegro form

wherein themes are being developed

and last section is called

recapitulation

this repeats the theme as they first

emerge

in the opening exposition

next one is called concerto concerto is

a multi-movement work

designed for an instrumental soloist and

orchestra

a concerto has three movements the first

movement

is fast which is the sonata allegra form

with expositions of the orchestra and

then

by the soloist the second movement is

slow

it has more ornamentation than the first

movement

and the third movement is fast which is

the finale

and it is usually in the form of rondo

resembling the last movement of the

symphony and usually a short cadenza

is used next is what we call

symphony this is a multi-movement work

for orchestra

the symphony is derived from the word

sinfonia

which literally means a harmonious

sounding together

it is a classical music for the whole

orchestra

it generally has four movements

first movement is fast sonata allegra

form

second movement is slow gentle

lyrical and typical aba form

or theme and variation third movement is

medium or fast

which uses a dance form which is minute

or skarzo fourth movement

is fast typically rondo or sonata form

after the instrumental music there is

one particular vocal music that became

popular

during the classical time and it was the

classical opera

opera is a drama set to music where

singers and musicians

perform in a theatrical setting it has

two distinct styles

first one is called opera seria

which means serious opera

usually implies heroic or tragic drama

that employs mythological characters

which was

inherited from the period

second style is opera buffa which means

comic opera this is from italy

which made use of everyday characters

and situations

and typically employed spoken dialogues

lengthy arias and was spiced with sight

gags

naughty humor and social satire

here are some other important terms to

remember in this lesson

the first one is sin spill

this is an opera based on a serious plot

that usually revolves around

mythological beings

such as gods and goddesses

arya a separate song usually for one

voice

recitative it's the style of delivery

in which a singer can adopt the rhythms

and delivery of the ordinary

speech bel canto is an italian phrase

which means beautiful singing

grand opera means a spectacular opera

music drama is a style of opera that is

created by a single artist

who writes both the text and the music

to advance the drama alberti bass

which is a special type of broken chord

accompaniment where the chord is played

in this order

lowest note to highest note the middle

note

to highest note then repeats the pattern

now i will introduce you to the famous

classical music composers

and their musical pieces

first we have friends youssef haydn

he is one of the most prominent

composers of the classical period his

life is described as

rags to riches he came from a poor

family

and his music led to his rise in social

status

he was named the father of the symphony

most of his symphonies have nicknames

such as

the surprise symphony the clock

and the military

next is wolfgang amadeus mozart

mozart is a child prodigy and the most

amazing genius in musical history

he experimented in all kinds of music

and composed

over 700 words unfortunately

jota mismanaged finances he lived his

life

in poverty he composed wonderful

concertos

symphonies and opera such as the

marriage of figaro

don giovanni and the magic flute which

became popular

other known works are incline knot music

symphony number 40 in g major

and sonata number 11 in a major

k311

another is ludwig van beethoven

he was the composer who bridged the late

classical era

and the early romantic era he was a

talented pianist and composer he began

to go deaf

in 1796 but this did not became a

hindrance

he continued composing through the help

of an assistant

and hearing gadget some of his famous

compositions were made

when he was deaf his works include

famous symphonies like symphony number

three

like heroica number five

number six which is pastoral and number

nine which is

coral other famous works are

piano sonata number 14 in c sharp minor

which is the moonlight sonata

piano concerto number five entitled

emperor

in e flat major symphony number 5

c minor and the most famous one which is

fur elise

did you know that works of haydn mozart

and beethoven

are still popular today their

compositions are now commonly used as

music

to animated series of popular cartoon

companies such as

looney tunes warner brothers 20th

century fox

pixar etc here are some examples

watch and listen to these videos

so

[Music]

to generalize all the lesson just

remember that music of the classical era

is usually associated with the nobility

for the rich people

during that time most of the members of

the nobility

would financially support the musicians

music was played in the courts which

makes the music of the classical era

more familiar to the nobility than the

lower classes

this association of the rich and

classical music

is still being experienced in some parts

of the world

however with the dawn of radio and tv

classical music may now be experienced

by the masses

and that is all for our lesson today i

hope you learned many things about the

music of the classical period

this time here are the activities you

need to do

in your music modules this second

quarter

if you have noticed after module 1 is

already

module 3 that's because there is no

module 2 in music

the next one is already entitled module

3.

so even if it is module 3 it is just the

second module

and that would be the end of our

discussion today

thank you for listening and see you in

our next lesson