GREEK ARCHITECTURE

Summary

In this video, AR Jess explores the architectural wonders of Athens, Greece, the cradle of Western Civilization. He visits historical sites like the Acropolis, the Parthenon, and the Panathenaic Stadium, detailing the significance of Greek architecture's Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. The script captures the essence of ancient Greek architecture, its beauty, and proportion, while also highlighting the Acropolis Museum's treasures and the stadium's marble construction. The journey concludes with Jess leaving for Rome to continue his architectural exploration.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The video is set in Greece, specifically Athens, highlighting its significance in architectural history.
• 🏛 Greece is considered the 'Cradle of Western Civilization' and has a profound influence on Western architectural styles.
• 🏙 The script mentions visiting various historical sites like the Acropolis, Temple of Nike, Erechtheion, and the Odeon of Herodes Atticus.
• 🏛️ The Acropolis represents the pinnacle of ancient Greek architecture, symbolizing the city on the hill.
• 📖 The script discusses the three classical orders of Greek architecture: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each with distinct characteristics.
• 🏗️ The Parthenon is described in detail, including its Doric columns and the architectural elements like the architrave, frieze, and pediment.
• 🎨 The importance of proportion, beauty, and simplicity in Greek architecture is emphasized.
• 🏛️ The Athenian Agora is mentioned as a marketplace and gathering place, with structures like the Stoa providing shelter.
• 🏛️ The Corinthian Capital is noted for its ornate design featuring acanthus leaves and volutes.
• 🏟️ The Panathenaic Stadium is the only stadium built on marble and was used in the first modern Olympics.
• 📚 The Acropolis Museum is praised for its rich history and exhibits, especially the sculptures and pediment details.

Q & A

What is the significance of Greece in the history of architecture?

Greece is considered the Cradle of Western Civilization, and most Western architectural styles can be traced back to the influence of ancient Greek architecture.

What are the three classical orders of architecture mentioned in the script?

The three classical orders of architecture are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.

What is the Agora of Athens and its purpose?

The Agora of Athens was a central public space where people gathered for various activities. It served as a marketplace and a place for social interaction.

What is the difference between the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders?

The Doric order is the simplest with an abacus at the top of the column. The Ionic order features volutes or scrolls, and the Corinthian order is the most ornate with acanthus leaves and volutes.

What is the meaning of 'Acropolis'?

The term 'Acropolis' means 'city on top of the hill' or 'the highest point', derived from 'Acro' meaning high and 'polis' meaning city.

What is the Parthenon and its architectural style?

The Parthenon is a former temple on the Acropolis of Athens, and it is an octostyle Doric peripteral Greek temple known for its proportion, beauty, and simplicity.

What are the key components of a Greek temple's facade?

The facade of a Greek temple can be divided into the bottom part (cista), the columns, and the pediment. The cista contains the stylobate and stereobate, while the columns support the architrave, frieze, and pediment.

What is the significance of the Acropolis Museum?

The Acropolis Museum is significant as it houses artifacts found on the Acropolis hill. It provides insights into the history and art of the Parthenon and the Acropolis.

What is the Panathenaic Stadium, and why is it unique?

The Panathenaic Stadium is the only stadium in the world built entirely of marble. It was originally built in BC and was renovated to host the opening and closing ceremonies of the first modern Olympics.

What is the importance of the pediment in Greek architecture?

The pediment is the triangular area at the top of the facade in Greek architecture. It often features sculptures depicting mythological scenes and is an important element in the overall design and aesthetics of the building.

What is the script's narrator's next destination after Athens?

After exploring ancient Greek architecture in Athens, the narrator is excited to visit Rome to study ancient Roman architecture.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Exploring Greek Architecture

AR Jess introduces the video series on the history of architecture in Greece, specifically Athens. He expresses his excitement about visiting Greece, a country highly regarded in architectural history. Jess plans to explore famous sites like the Acropolis, the Temple of Nike, the Erechtheon, and the Odeon of Herodes Atticus. He also mentions the significance of Greek architecture as the Cradle of Western Civilization and its influence on Western architectural styles. The video captures the essence of Athens at sunset, with Jess planning to dine and explore the local architecture.

05:07

🌅 Visiting the Acropolis

The video captures Jess's awe as he visits the Acropolis, the Parthenon, and the Agora of Athens. He explains the significance of the three classical Greek orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, highlighting their differences in height, base, and structure. Jess emphasizes the importance of proportion, beauty, and simplicity in Greek architecture, which is admired in many formal and government buildings. He also discusses the elements of Greek temple architecture, such as the facade divided into the bottom part (caryatid), columns, and pediment, and the parts of the column including the capital, shaft, and architrave.

10:09

🎥 Acropolis Museum and Panathenaic Stadium

Jess visits the Acropolis Museum, where he learns about the history of the Parthenon and its sculptures, such as the Winged Nike and Athena fighting the Giants. He explores the museum's third floor, which focuses on the Parthenon, and discusses the pediment area's triangular design. Jess also visits the Panathenaic Stadium, the only stadium built on marble from BC, which was renovated and used for the first modern Olympics. He appreciates the stadium's design and history, including the seats for the king and queen and the steps' design.

15:09

✈️ Farewell to Athens, Hello Rome

Jess concludes his visit to Athens, reflecting on the inspiring ancient art and architecture that have stood the test of time. He packs his bags, ready to leave for Rome, the next destination on his architectural journey. The video ends with Jess looking forward to exploring ancient Roman architecture, indicating a continuation of his educational series.

Keywords

💡Greece

Greece is a country in southeastern Europe known for its ancient history, philosophy, and architecture. In the video, Greece is highlighted as the 'Cradle of Western Civilization,' emphasizing its foundational role in the development of Western architectural styles. The video's journey begins in Athens, Greece, where the host explores various historical sites, showcasing the country's rich cultural heritage.

💡Athens

Athens is the capital city of Greece and a significant historical site, often referred to as 'the birthplace of democracy.' The video script mentions Athens as the location where the host begins their architectural journey, visiting neighborhoods and significant landmarks that exemplify ancient Greek architecture.

💡Architecture

Architecture, as discussed in the video, refers to both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. The video's central theme revolves around the history of architecture, particularly ancient Greek architecture, which has had a profound influence on Western architectural styles.

💡Acropolis

The Acropolis is an ancient citadel located in Athens and contains several ancient buildings of great architectural and historical significance, most notably the Parthenon. In the script, the Acropolis is described as 'the big one' that the host is excited to visit, indicating its importance in the study of Greek architecture.

💡Doric Order

The Doric Order is the oldest and simplest of the three classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its lack of ornamentation and sturdy columns without a base. The script mentions the Doric Order as one of the styles that the ancient Greeks contributed to architecture, with the Parthenon being a prime example of this style.

💡Ionic Order

The Ionic Order is one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, known for its more slender proportions and voluted (scroll-shaped) capitals. The video script describes the Ionic Order as having a volute scroll, differentiating it from the simpler Doric and more ornate Corinthian orders.

💡Corinthian Order

The Corinthian Order is the most ornate of the three classical Greek architectural orders, characterized by its fluted columns and elaborate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves. The script points out a Corinthian capital in the Agora of Athens, illustrating its decorative nature.

💡Agora

Agora, as mentioned in the script, refers to an ancient Greek marketplace or gathering place where various activities took place. It was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states. The Agora of Athens is highlighted as a place where people could gather and find protection from the weather in structures like the stoa.

💡Parthenon

The Parthenon is a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, located on the Acropolis in Athens. It is an iconic symbol of ancient Greek architecture and is noted for its Doric order and proportional harmony. The video script describes the Parthenon as a 'world-famous' temple, emphasizing its cultural and historical significance.

💡Pediment

A pediment is the triangular area at the end of the roof of a classical building, often adorned with sculptures. The script discusses the pediment of the Parthenon, mentioning that it is currently being restored and was once decorated with significant sculptures depicting mythological scenes.

💡Panathenaic Stadium

The Panathenaic Stadium, also known as the Kallimarmaro, is the only stadium in the world built entirely of marble. It is mentioned in the script as the venue for the first modern Olympic Games' opening and closing ceremonies. The stadium represents the continuity of Greek architectural influence from ancient times to the modern era.

Highlights

Introduction to Greece as a significant destination for architectural history

Greece's importance as the Cradle of Western Civilization and its influence on architectural styles

The significance of Greek architecture in terms of proportion, beauty, and simplicity

Introduction to the Athenian Agora and its role as a marketplace and gathering place

Explanation of the three classical orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Description of the Corinthian Capital and its ornate features

Visit to the Acropolis and the anticipation of seeing historical structures

Description of the entrance to the Acropolis and the view of the Parthenon

Detailed explanation of the Parthenon's architecture, including its Doric columns and pediment

Mention of the restoration work being done on the Parthenon

Visit to the Acropolis Museum and its exhibits on the Parthenon

Discussion on the pediment sculptures depicting the birth of Athena and the competition between Athena and Poseidon

Visit to the Panathenaic Stadium, the only stadium built on marble from ancient times

Reflection on the inspiring experience of seeing ancient art and architecture that has stood the test of time

Preparation to leave Athens and anticipation for the next destination, Rome

Transcripts

[Music]

hi this is AR Jess and today we are here

in

Greece specifically Athens and if

there's one thing or one country that I

really want to visit as an architect I

think on top of that list would be

Greece and now I'm here dreams really do

come true and on this series we will be

doing history of arch torture

history of architecture we are going to

see the things that we have discussed

and I also taught during the times that

I have taught history of architecture so

Greece is very important in terms of

architecture they are the Cradle of

Western Civilization so most of the

western architectural Styles can be

traced by its

influence of Greek AR architecture or

ancient Greek architecture so it's very

exciting to start our journey here in

Europe with Greece and Greek

architecture so it's 6:48 p.m. here in

Greece and it's

1148 p.m. in the Philippines so the

sunset is not going to be until 9 p.m.

here cuz it's summer so we're going to

make the best out of it tomorrow we're

going to the big one the Acropolis we're

going to see the panon the Temple of

Nike the

ereon the odion we're going to see it

all but tonight we're we're just going

to feel the vibe we're going to eat

outside and see the architecture here in

the neighborhoods of Athens so let's go

I'm going to t you around let's make

this architecture Journey interesting

let's go

[Music]

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we are now here at

the Athenian

abora so here are the structures right

here

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we just came from the stwa and the stoa

it's like a waiting shed so in terms of

weather like if it rains or if it's very

hot it's a place

for where people can go and have

protection from the weather so this is

the Agora of Athens so Agora is a

Marketplace or there will be gathering

of people so a lot of things are

happening here and the ancient Greek

gave us

the three classical orders which are the

Doric Ionic and Corinthian and as you

can see here in my back that is the

Corinthian Capital

so there are differences with them in

terms of the height the base and the

structure and I think most predominantly

it's the capital so the Doric is the

simpliest which is the Abacus and

eus the ionic is the Volute

and scroll if I can remember it right

and Corinthian are the very ornate one

the one with cus leaves and volutes also

and also there are variations that the

Roman also gave the Tusan and composite

so we're going to see that one when we

go to Rome so it's very important

because they give the proportions and

Beauty very important in Greek

architecture it's the proportion the

beauty the Simplicity of the structure

that's why it's so

adored and a lot of formal buildings

government buildings do it because Greek

architecture is so good at it like it

really

represents Simplicity and beauty

[Music]

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morning

guys we are now here in aens and we're

walking to the Parkland which is there

[Music]

20 minute

walk let's

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go good morning

thank

you there no time

to so we're the first to go up here the

CP this so we're very lucky

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this is the

propa

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wow wow we're now entering the

propa so

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beautiful I can't believe in my eyes I'm

seeing right

now purple

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so this is the

entrance

way and this is

a okay

beautiful look at that

view so this is the entrance the purple

area

[Applause]

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wow

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good morning we're now here at the

paron and as you can see that's the

world famous paron here at the Acropolis

in

Greece so the Acropolis means

City on top of the hill or the highest

point PO is City Acro means high and

that's the paron right there it's an

octus tile so eight columns on the front

Doric

peripteral greek temple so the columns

are all around the buildings you can see

the beautiful Dory column so it's very

important for the Greek to have

this proportions Beauty and simplicity

that's why we adore the architecture so

much it's because how they incorp

incorporate this elements to achieve

[Music]

Beauty can divide the facade of the

temple into four parts the bottom part

the crya next to it above is the column

and then the Ure and the pediment in the

cida we have the sty bit and the stereo

bit in the column adoric column here so

we have the capital the shaft in the Ure

we can identify the architrave the

freeze which composed of the trigli and

metop and the Triangular above is the

pediment these are the working on the

restoration of

the

par I really want to touch the

marbl the P

these are like

DC before

Christ

[Applause]

[Music]

Stones The Acropolis Museum you can also

go

there and this is the city of

aens so beautiful

to like

f the car pches

[Music]

[Applause]

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so I think it's been like more than an

hour that I've been here I've been using

the audio book of the parnon or the

Acropolis Museum and this is one of my

favorite sections here there is a no

photo section but if you just listen to

the audio book you learn so much of the

history and how why this art exist

especially that one the wing Nike

sculpture and Athena fighting the Giants

so nice it's one of the most beautiful

museums that have been to I'm going to

continue upstairs to the third floor

which are exhibits of the paron so come

with me let's go that's the

parnon and I am here at the

Acropolis

Museum the third floor which is a

section that talks about the Parthenon

and one of the most interesting things

that I have seen here today is with

regards the pediment area the Triangular

one on the roof so this is what reminds

of the pediment area triangular one so

in the east

side that would be on that location

right here where the sunrise is

that one the destroyed one it depicts

the birth of Athena the pon of Athens

and on the other side the south side

which is located there that's the

South the display there is a competition

between Athena and Poseidon as the

patron of the city

[Music]

[Music]

good morning guys it's my last full day

here in Athens we're going to the pan

AIC Stadium it's this only stadium that

was built on marble still built BC

before Christ so these are very old

stadium that was renovated and was the

first venue for the opening and closing

ceremonies of the first modern Olympics

let's go it's my last activity here in

Athens let's go

[Music]

the panan stadium is so beautiful and

listening to the audio guide really

helped me enjoy the experience more

enrich The Experience more on learning

about what is Stadium all about it's not

just the first and the only marble

stadium in the world but also the

history the little details that was

incorporated to it just like heres there

the two heres and the seat of the king

and the Queen and also how they they

design behind the steps so many things

to learn Athens has been so beautiful so

inspiring to see this thousand years of

art and architecture that really stood a

test of time good morning it's 4:30 in

the morning I've packed my bags we're

leaving Athens and look at all this

water bottle that I've

consumed throughout my days here CU it

was just so hot summer here but it was

good I really had a good time in Greece

I have a flight 9:00 a.m. we're flying

to our next European city after ancient

Greek architecture we'll go to ancient

Broman architecture so we're flying to

Rome kind of excited let's go

[Music]