Lec-01_Phases of Construction Project | Construction Engineering and Management | Civil Engineering

Summary

This video introduces construction management, focusing on defining a project and its phases. It explains that a project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service, with a definite beginning and end. The video outlines the five phases of a construction project: briefing, designing, tendering, construction, and commissioning. Each phase's purpose and activities are detailed, emphasizing the importance of planning and coordination to ensure projects are completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality.

Takeaways

• 🏗️ The construction project is defined as a temporary endeavor to create a unique service, product, or result.
• 🌐 A project can be anything from building a structure to planning a vacation, but construction projects are specifically focused on creating physical structures like buildings, bridges, or dams.
• 📚 The PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) defines a project as temporary and unique, emphasizing that projects have definite beginnings and ends and are different from one another.
• 🛠️ ISO 1006 defines a project as a unique process consisting of coordinated and controlled activities to achieve objectives under constraints like time, cost, and quality.
• 🔍 The briefing phase, also known as the report stage, is where project ideas are generated and evaluated for economic viability and social utility.
• 🎯 The purpose of the briefing phase is to specify project functions and costs, and to interpret the owner's wishes to estimate the project's cost.
• 📈 The feasibility report contains technical, economic, financial, and ecological analyses to determine if a project is feasible in various aspects.
• 📊 Technical analysis in a project checks the site selection, construction methods, resource availability, material specifications, and construction equipment selection.
• 💼 Economic analysis evaluates if a project is economically viable and provides value for money, using methods like payback period and return on investment.
• 💵 Financial analysis estimates capital costs and identifies funding sources for the project, including loans, mortgages, or self-funding.
• 🌿 Ecological analysis assesses the environmental impact of major projects and ensures necessary government approvals are in place.
• 📈 The designing phase, or planning stage, finalizes plans, methods of construction, working drawings, specifications, and prepares for tender invitations.
• 📋 The tendering stage involves inviting tenders, pre-qualifying contractors, preparing contract documents, and clarifying ambiguities in the contract.
• 👷‍♂️ The construction stage is where the project is executed according to design, within time and budget constraints, ensuring required quality.
• 🔧 The commissioning stage evaluates the structure's performance, considers maintenance and repairs, and ensures the project meets design specifications and functions correctly.

Q & A

What is the definition of a project according to PMBOK?

According to PMBOK, a project is defined as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique service, product, or result.

What does the term 'temporary' imply in the context of a project?

The term 'temporary' implies that every project has a definite beginning and end. Once completed, the project becomes a product, service, or asset.

What does the term 'unique' mean in relation to projects?

The term 'unique' means that every project is different in some way from other projects, even if they seem similar.

What is the purpose of the briefing phase in a construction project?

The purpose of the briefing phase is to enable the client to specify the project function and permissible cost, and for the construction team to interpret the owner's wishes and estimate the project cost.

What are the main activities performed during the briefing phase?

The main activities during the briefing phase include appointing a project steering committee, appointing a project manager, investigating technical and non-technical aspects of the project, studying various projects to identify the most feasible one, and preparing a project report.

What is a feasibility report and what does it contain?

A feasibility report assesses whether a project is feasible in terms of technical, economic, financial, and ecological aspects. It helps determine if the project should proceed or be terminated.

What are the four types of analysis conducted in a feasibility report?

The four types of analysis conducted in a feasibility report are technical analysis, economic analysis, financial analysis, and ecological analysis.

What is the significance of the designing phase in a construction project?

The designing phase, also known as the planning stage, is significant as it finalizes the project plan, including the method of construction, working drawings, specifications, and construction program.

What are the main purposes of the tendering stage in a construction project?

The main purposes of the tendering stage are to invite tenders from contractors, perform pre-qualification, prepare contract documents, arrange pre-bid meetings, negotiate prices, review submitted documents, and clarify ambiguities in the contract documents.

What is the primary goal of the construction stage?

The primary goal of the construction stage is to execute the project according to the design drawings and specifications within the set time limit, budget, and required quality.

What are the key activities during the commissioning stage of a construction project?

The key activities during the commissioning stage include recording actual activities, inspecting and rectifying defects in the construction, preparing operating and maintenance manuals, and carrying out performance tests.

Outlines

00:00

🏗️ Introduction to Construction Management

The session begins with an introduction to construction management, focusing on the first topic: the nature of a construction project. The instructor clarifies that a project can be any endeavor, such as building infrastructure or even planning a vacation. Technically, a project is defined by PMBOK as a temporary endeavor to create a unique product, service, or result. The terms 'temporary' and 'unique' are emphasized, indicating that projects have definite starts and ends and are distinct from one another. ISO 1006 also defines a project as a set of coordinated and controlled activities with specific requirements and constraints like time, cost, and quality.

05:00

📈 Understanding the Phases of Construction Projects

The lecture continues with an exploration of construction management, defined as the coordinated effort of various professionals to complete a project economically without compromising quality. The phases of a construction project are then outlined: briefing, designing, tendering, construction, and commissioning. The briefing phase, also known as the report stage, is where project ideas are generated and evaluated for economic viability and social utility. The purpose of the briefing phase is to specify project functions, permissible costs, and to estimate the project's cost.

10:02

📋 The Briefing Phase: Initiating a Construction Project

The briefing phase activities are detailed, including appointing a project steering committee and a project manager, investigating technical and non-technical aspects of the project, identifying feasible alternatives, and preparing a project report. The feasibility report, a key deliverable of this phase, assesses the project's technical, economic, financial, and ecological viability. The report guides decisions on whether to proceed with the project, considering its potential impacts and requirements.

15:05

📊 Analyzing Feasibility: Technical, Economical, Financial, and Ecological

This section delves into the four types of analyses conducted for a feasibility report: technical, economical, financial, and ecological. Technical analysis examines site selection, construction methods, resource availability, and equipment selection. Economical analysis evaluates the project's potential for profit and value for money using methods like payback period and return on investment. Financial analysis estimates capital costs and identifies funding sources. Ecological analysis assesses environmental impact, especially for major projects like power plants and chemical industries, ensuring government approvals are in place.

20:06

📘 Designing Phase: Planning the Construction Project

The designing phase, also known as the planning stage, is crucial for finalizing project plans and preventing costly changes later. Activities in this phase include completing the project summary, finalizing construction methods and equipment, preparing working drawings, specifications, and a preliminary construction program. The goal is to obtain the client's final approval before proceeding to the next phase.

25:07

📑 Tendering Stage: Contracting for Construction Work

The tendering stage involves inviting bids from contractors, pre-qualifying them, preparing contract documents, arranging pre-bid meetings, negotiating prices, reviewing submitted documents, and clarifying ambiguities in the contract. The primary aim is to appoint contractors to carry out the construction work based on mutual understanding and the lowest bid.

👷‍♂️ Construction Stage: Executing the Project

The construction stage is where the project is physically built, with a focus on adhering to design drawings, specifications, time limits, budget, and quality. This stage is resource-intensive and requires careful planning and control of site operations. Activities include construction planning, material supply, quality supervision, coordination between agencies, and supply of necessary drawings to ensure the project is completed on time and within budget.

🔍 Commissioning Stage: Evaluating Project Performance

The commissioning stage evaluates the structure's performance and considers maintenance and repair needs. Its main purpose is to ensure the construction aligns with design drawings and specifications and that all project facilities and functions operate correctly. Activities include recording actual activities, inspecting construction for defects, preparing operation and maintenance manuals, and conducting performance tests.

📞 Closing Remarks and Contact Information

The session concludes with the instructor offering contact information for any queries or doubts, summarizing the key points covered in the session, and reinforcing the importance of understanding the stages of construction management.

Keywords

💡Project

A project, as defined in the script, is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. It is the central theme of the video, focusing on construction projects like buildings, bridges, roads, or dams. The script emphasizes that every project has a definite beginning and end and is unique, differing from others in some way. For instance, two residential buildings are considered unique projects due to variations in features, area, land, and orientation.

💡Construction Management

Construction Management is described as the management where a group of people from different categories work together to complete a project economically without affecting quality, in a well-planned and organized manner. It involves the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet the requirements of a particular project. This concept is crucial as it encompasses the overall process of overseeing construction projects from initiation to completion.

💡Phases of a Construction Project

The script outlines five phases of a construction project: briefing, designing, tendering, construction, and commissioning. These phases represent the sequential stages that a construction project goes through, from the initial idea to the final evaluation of the completed structure. Understanding these phases is essential for effective project planning and management.

💡Briefing Phase

The briefing phase, also known as the report stage, is the first phase where ideas are originated and evaluated based on cost and benefit. Its purpose is to enable the client to specify the project function and permissible cost, and for the construction team to interpret the owner's wishes and estimate the project cost. The script mentions activities such as appointing a project steering committee, a project manager, investigating technical and non-technical aspects, and preparing a project report.

💡Feasibility Report

A Feasibility Report is a document prepared during the briefing stage to determine if a project is feasible from technical, economic, financial, and ecological perspectives. The script describes it as containing results of technical, environmental, economic, and financial analyses to help in proper planning and design of the project without causing harm to the client, consultant, user, or environment.

💡Designing Phase

The designing phase, also referred to as the planning stage, is where the project plan is finalized. It involves preparing a realistic and detailed cost estimate, finalizing the method of construction, preparing working drawings, specifications, and a preliminary construction program. This phase is critical as changes after this stage can be very expensive, emphasizing the importance of thorough planning.

💡Tendering Stage

The tendering stage involves inviting tenders from contractors and awarding the work to the lowest bidder through mutual understanding between the contractor and the client. The main purpose of this stage, as mentioned in the script, is to appoint a contractor or various contractors to undertake the construction work.

💡Construction Stage

The construction stage is where the actual execution of the construction project takes place. It must be done according to design drawings and specifications, within the set time limit, budget, and required quality. The script highlights the importance of this stage as it is resource-intensive and interrelated activities can impact the overall project timeline and success.

💡Commissioning Stage

The commissioning stage is the final phase where the performance of the structure is evaluated, and the nature of maintenance and repairs is considered. Its main purpose, as described in the script, is to ensure that the construction has been done according to design drawings and specifications and that all facilities and functions of the project are working correctly.

💡Project Steering Committee

A Project Steering Committee is a group of people that guides the project, generally consisting of architects, owners, and consultants. As highlighted in the script, this committee plays a crucial role in the briefing stage, helping to ensure that the project's objectives are aligned with the client's vision and that the project is executed effectively.

💡Project Manager

A Project Manager is responsible for the execution of work and coordination between various agencies during the construction process. The script emphasizes the importance of this role in the briefing stage, where the project manager is appointed to oversee the project's progress and ensure it is completed according to the client's requirements and within the specified constraints.

Highlights

Introduction to construction management

Definition of a project in construction terms

Technical definition of a project according to PMBOK

Explanation of 'temporary' and 'unique' in project definition

ISO 1006 definition of a project

Definition of construction management

Five phases of a construction project

Briefing phase as the first phase of construction

Purpose of the briefing phase

Activities involved in the briefing phase

Importance of the feasibility report

Components of a feasibility report

Flow diagram for feasibility analysis

Technical analysis in the feasibility report

Economical analysis in the feasibility report

Financial analysis in the feasibility report

Ecological analysis in the feasibility report

Designing phase as the planning stage of a construction project

Purposes of the designing phase

Activities involved in the designing phase

Tendering phase for appointing contractors

Activities involved in the tendering phase

Construction phase as the execution stage

Activities in the construction phase

Commissioning phase for evaluating structure performance

Activities in the commissioning phase

Sequence of construction project phases

Transcripts

[Music]

hello everyone

welcome to the first session of the

subject construction management

and today we are going to start with the

first

topic or the first chapter that is

introduction or we can say

introduction to construction management

so without wasting much time let us see

what are the contents of today's session

so today in this session we are going to

see

two topics the first is what is project

and the second is

phases of a construction project yes

so today we are going to see two topics

now though you know the definition or

you know that

project what is project project is to

like in

in terms of construction we can say that

a project is to construct something

like building bridge road dam

that what we construct we call it as

project

but in terms of in if i define it

technically that is very broad

uh the definition of the project

apart from it we can say that everything

and anything can be termed as project

even if you are planning a vacation to

goa that is also a project

so now let us see the technical

definition of the

project let us see so students

here i have defined the project occurred

in two ways

the first is as per p m b

o k p m i that means project

management body of knowledge pmi project

management

institute that is one of the renowned

bodies

of project management established in usa

that is like godfather of the all the

project managements

so according to them a project is

a temporary endeavor undertaken to

create

a unique service product or result

so in terms of construction that could

be a building

that could be a maintenance project or

that could be in construction of

high road highway or other

infrastructure project

so a temporary endeavor

undertaken to create a unique product or

service

there are two terms i have highlighted

here temporary

and unique let us see what they mean

so the term temporary means

every project has the definite beginning

and the definite end yes that means the

projects are temporary

once the project is completed that

becomes a building or that becomes a

product

whichever it is building is just an

example if it is in road

once the why it is being constructed

that is known as road project

but once it is done that is known as

only road

so that is temporary that projects are

temporary

it has definite beginnings and definite

ends

the second is unique the term

unique means every project is

different in some or other way from the

other project

yes every project is different than the

other projects

so that means if you are constructing

one residential building and if you

and another residential building these

two projects are unique

because the features the area the land

the orientation means something will be

different

so that is the unique i hope we are

clear about it now let us see

the definition according to the i a

so 1006

so according to the iso 1006

it is a unique process consisting of

coordinated and controlled set of

activities

having some start and finish dates to

achieve the

objective conforming to the specific

requirements

under the certain controns such as time

cost and project quality students

so the first definition as per the pmbok

we pronounce it as pmbok project

management body of knowledge

so uh in the definition of pmbok the

temporary and unique

what they were mean that is written in

the definition of as per

iso that that it is a controlled set of

coordinated activities which has

start and finish dates and

also they have the constraints like time

cost and project quality apart from it

entire project is undertaken to

obtain to obtain one objective

or specific requirement of the owner of

the

client so that is our definition of

technical definition of

project i hope we are clear up to this

point

moving forward now let us see

that phases of construction project

but before we move ahead in our

second topic that what are the phases of

uh construction project

let us learn the definition of

construction management

we have learned the definition of

project now

let us learn the definition of

construction management

so again there are two definitions

the first is the management in which

group of people of different categories

work together to complete the project

economically

without affecting the quality

in well-planned and organized manner so

that is our

construction management where the group

of people comes together

try to complete the project as per the

technical requirement and

economically in well-planned and

organized

manner while the second definition of

the construction management or we can

say project management

is the application of knowledge

skills tools and techniques to

a broad range of activities to meet the

requirements of the particular

project or to complete a particular

project so again

more or less both the definitions are

the same so that is our construction

management or you can say

project management now let us look at

what we are

what we are going to learn phases of

construction

project let us see so here are the

phases of construction project there are

five phases

the first is briefing then there is

designing

then tendering the fourth is

construction and the last

is commissioning and

other way you can define or you can

classify

the phases of project as

pre-construction

construction and post construction but

to be to study them into detail where we

are going to divide them into

five parts i am repeating it again

briefing

designing tendering construction

and commissioning let us see each of the

phase

one by one starting with the briefing

phase so the briefing

phase or we can say briefing stage is

also known as

report stage in this stage

where the ideas are originated and

evaluated on the basis of cost and

benefit

to study the economic viability

and social utility of the project

so that is the first stage we can say

that that is a

report stage in which ideas are

generated

and those ideas or alternatives to do a

project

are evaluated economically

as well as socially so that is your

report stage i hope we are very clear

about it is the first

beginning stage briefing now

let us look at the purpose of having the

briefing stage or the report stage

let us see the purpose so there are

mainly

two purposes of this briefing stage

the first is to enable the client or the

owner

to specify the project function

and permissible cost yes

in this stage the project function that

by this project

what client actually wanted to do what

his vision is

what his thinking is so that is that is

what

we can do in this briefing stage

as well as to fulfill that functions of

that project

what are the permissible cost and budget

available with the client

the second purpose of this stage is to

enable the construction team

to interpret the owner's wishes and

to have estimated cost of the project

yes by knowing the requirements of the

client the construction team the

consultants

can derive the estimated cost of the

project

so here are the two purposes now let us

see

the activities which are being done in

the

briefing stage let us see so the first

activity is appoint a project

steering committee that means the

committee of the people

will guide the project generally these

are the architects owner and the

consultants the next is appoint the

project

manager a project manager who will be

responsible for the execution of the

work as well as the coordination between

the

various agencies while undertaking the

work

next to investigate

technical and non-technical aspect of

the project

then to study the various projects

and to identify

the most feasible one and

the last is to prepare and project

report so these are the activities which

are involved in the briefing stage

that you appoint a project steering

committee and appoint a project manager

technical and non-technical

investigation list out all the

alternatives and try to

analyze the most feasible one and then

the preparer project

report so that all the things are being

covered in the

briefing stage now after this

all of activity is being done

feasibility report is being prepared in

the briefing stage

now what is feasibility report that

feasibility

the project is feasible or not we should

do it or not

what are the consequences financially

economical

financial or economically socially

environmentally

technically so it is possible or not we

should do it or not so that is your

feasibility analysis or feasibility

report

so that you have to prepare so what is

it let us see

it contains the result of the technical

aspect technical analysis as well as the

environmental analysis

so that the client client or the

consultant

can design the project properly and can

plan the project properly

so as it does not harm the client the

consultant the user as well as the

environment so that is the feasibility

report

now feasibility reports contains this

four parts what are they

let us see so mainly this four kind of

analysis are done

the first is technical analysis the

second is

economic analysis the third is

financial analysis and the last is

ecological

ecological analysis technical

economical financial and ecological

now let us see each of them into detail

but before we start this type of this

analysis into detail let us see a flow

diagram so this is a proper

flow diagram for the feasibility

analysis

the flow for the flow diagram suggests

that

first generate the ideas then there is

an

initial screening of these ideas once

initial screening are done ask

that does this idea is looking primer

facing

the first impression of the primer

facing that means

the first impression of the project is

good if it is good

then move ahead if it is no then

terminate the

idea once the first impression of the

idea is good

then plan for the feasibility study

in feasibility study the first do the

technical

analysis then you conduct financial

analysis

and then you do economical and

ecological analysis after all the

analysis being done

is the project is worthwhile if it is

yes then continue if it is no

then terminate the project and if it is

yes

then prepare the funding proposal for

the

project so this is the flow diagram for

the

feasibility report now let us start with

the first

stage that is technical analysis let us

see

so here is the technical analysis in

technical analysis various

technical aspect of the project is being

checked such as

selection of the site selection of the

appropriate method of construction

availability of various resources and

raw materials

then specification of that raw materials

and the last is selection of

construction

equipment so these all parameters have

been checked as a part of

technical analysis moving forward

the next is economical analysis

so the economical analysis consists that

you have to check if the project is

technically permissible

but you have to see that it is

economically possible

does it is going to on on you on you the

profits

does it is value for money that is your

economical analysis

in economical analysis the project is

evaluated by the various methods such as

payback period method return on

investment method

and the benefit cost matter so these are

the economical analysis which are being

done on the project

sometimes it may happen that a project

is technically possible

but economically not possible so the

client must

not go for the project if it is

economically not possible because

what if it is not economically possible

is not going

to get the returns out of that project i

hope

we are clear up to this point the next

is

financial analysis so the financial

analysis of a project

consisting of estimation of capital cost

requirement and the source of fundings

estimate of capital cost requirement

that is cost of materials cost of

resources cost of equipment

engineering fees supervision charge etc

so that is estimate cost of your

of your work and the second is source of

finance

that all the payments are going to be

done once you work

but to get the work done you have to put

your some amount of money so

source of funding are you going to take

loan are you going to

get something on mortgage or you're

going to put the money

on yours by yourself so what are the

source of fundings that are being

evaluated in the

financial analysis and the last stage is

ecological analysis let us see so

ecological analysis that means the

environmental

impact assessment which is being done on

the major projects such as power plant

major irrigation projects chemical

industries

drug industries etc on this kind of

projects the ecological assessments are

being done

and the certain government approvals

should be taken

so this is what we done in the briefing

stage while making the

feasibility report i hope we are

very much clear this was the first stage

briefing

in briefing we have to prepare the

feasibility feasibility as

four type of analysis technical

financial

economical and ecological now

let us see the second phase that is

designing phase of the construction

project

so this designing stage of the

construction project

is being also known as the planning

stage

students do not misconcept misinterpret

the word

design design does not means you have to

prepare the drawings

design that means you have to plan the

project that how you will do the things

how you will manage the things that is a

designing phase

that means it is one of the important

phase because

in this stage you are going to finalize

your plan

you are going to finalize your things to

do the work

so a small change after this stage

would be expensive pardon me would be

very expensive to you because you are

fixing the things how it is being done

so now you have to you you

once the change is being done it will be

very expensive

so that is very critical stage here in

this stage a realistic

and detailed cost estimate is being

prepared for the

project now let us see the purposes of

this

stage so here are the purposes of the

this kind of this stage is that to

prepare the project to complete the

project summary

to finalize the method of construction

the equipments

to prepare the working drawings for the

project

for the preparation for the preparation

of the specifications of the different

item of work

and for to prepar to make the necessary

arrangements to invite the

tenders so these are the purposes of the

designing stage now let us look at the

activities

involved in the designing stage so

so the purpose is and the activities are

more or less similar that to complete

the project report or the project

summary

then to carry out the further technical

investigations that now you are going

with this method

of this method of construction what can

happen what are the consequences

then to prepare the drawings

specifications

boq and preliminary construction program

and the last is to obtain the client's

final

approval so these are the activities

being done in the designing

stage let us look at the next stage

the next stage of the construction

project is

tendering stage tendering stage you have

been already learned

in the professional practice and

valuation subject that in this

stage of the construction the tenders

are invited from the contractors

to undertake the work and the work is

awarded to the lowest

parties by the mutual understanding of

the contractor and the

client the main purpose is very much

known that to appoint a contractor or

appoint the

various contractor number of contractors

to do the construction

so that is the purpose of the tendering

stage

let us see the activities

involved in the tendering stage

so here are the activities which have

been performed in the

tendering stage the first activity is to

invite the tenders

and to perform the pre-qualification

process of the contractors

the second is to prepare the necessary

contract documents

and to arrange a pre-bid meeting to

provide the necessary information

regarding the project

the next is negotiating the price with

the contractor

then the review of the documents

submitted by the contractor

and the last activity which is being

done in the stage

is clarify the ambiguities

in the contract documents ambiguities

means some of the doubts which are being

unclear

so that clarity of ambiguity is in the

contract document so these are the

tendering stage moving forward

the next stage the fourth stage is

construction

stage in the construction stage you know

that

the execution of a construction

execution of a project

takes place now the execution must be

done

according to the design drawing

specification

that to within the time limit budget

and required quality that we have to

take care in the construction

uh construction stage that a project

with completes within the time

completes within the cost achieve the

specific requirements

uh stated by the client quality should

be maintained

so that is the that is the most

resource incentive stage that more

resources will be allocated in this

stage

now in construction stage various

activities

will be interrelated to each other so

delay in one activity will lead to the

failure of entire project or delay

number of activity

and you cannot complete the work within

the time and

cost so you have to take care of that

that here

the activities will be interrelated for

an example

for an example the slab

the construction the formwork of slab

and the steel cutting

these are two activities which are

interrelated to each other while the

shuttering is being done

you have to cut the steel for your slab

if it is not done

parallely if you are going to after it

you are not going to complete the work

within the time

so i hope you are getting my point

so that is your construction stage now

in construction stage

mainly two things are done what are they

let us see

the first part is construction planning

in construction planning generally you

prepare the construction steel

you prepare the material schedule

manpower and other resource schedule and

plant and equipment

schedule so you do the planning first

while the constructing you do the

planning first

the second is control of control of

site operation the control of site

operation consists

of supply the materials so

supply uh supply the materials supervise

the supervisor over the quality of the

work

coordinate between different agencies

and different contractors

and supply the necessary drawings so

this is the control of

control the site operations first you do

the planning and then you

try to control the site operations so

that your project can be finished within

the timing cost and

quality now let us see

the last stage which is

commissioning stage let us see in this

stage

the performance of the structure is

being evaluated and the proposed

nature of maintenance and repairs

are considered the main purpose of this

stage

is to investigate that the construction

has been done according to the design

drawing and specification

and all the facilities and functions of

the project are

working correctly so that is the main

purpose of this

commissioning stage let us see the

activities in this stage

so the first activity is to keep the

record of the various

actual activities the second is to

inspect the construction thoroughly

and rectify any defect the next is

to prepare the operating and maintenance

manuals

and the last is to carry out the

performance test so these are the

activities which have been done on the

commissioning

stage so there are five stages of the

construction briefing

designing tendering commissioning

construction and then commission five

stages and you have to

prepare in that order only because once

first

you have to do the first in the real

time project the briefing is done

then the designing or the planning is

being done then the

tendering is being done then the

construction and the last is

commissioning

so you have to prepare in that order

only

so i hope we are clear very much in that

first

session so this is it that was all about

in today's session

in case of any query or doubt you can

always contact me in my mail or my

number

thank you