Akuntansi Pajak - Akuntansi Aset Tetap part 1

Summary

This script is part of an accounting lesson focusing on fixed assets. It discusses tangible and intangible assets, their recognition, acquisition methods, and depreciation. The instructor elaborates on the criteria for recognizing fixed assets, their acquisition costs, and how to allocate costs when assets are acquired in a bundle. The script also touches on asset exchanges, self-construction, and gifts, including their tax implications according to Indonesian accounting standards (PSAK) and tax regulations (PPH and PPN).

Takeaways

• 🏢 The discussion continues on accounting for fixed assets, including tangible and intangible assets.
• 🏗️ Fixed tangible assets include buildings, vehicles, equipment, and computers, while intangible assets consist of copyrights, trademarks, patents, and goodwill.
• 📑 PSAK 16, revised in 2007, defines fixed assets as tangible assets ready for use or constructed for use in the company's operations, not intended for sale, and with a useful life of more than one year.
• 💼 The cost of acquiring fixed assets must be recognized as an asset if it is likely to generate economic benefits and can be measured reliably.
• 💵 The acquisition cost includes the cash or cash equivalent paid or the fair value of other consideration given to obtain an asset.
• 🚗 When assets are acquired as a combination, the purchase price must be allocated based on the fair value of each asset involved.
• 📈 The acquisition of fixed assets can be financed through installments, with the first installment including both principal and interest calculated on the total purchase price.
• 🔄 Fixed assets can be acquired through exchange transactions, and the value is measured based on the fair value of the assets exchanged.
• 🏭 Assets acquired by constructing them can be subject to VAT regulations, depending on the jurisdiction and specific tax laws.
• 🎁 Donations and grants received may not be subject to tax if they meet certain criteria, such as being given to a government-recognized charity or inherited by family members.

Q & A

What are tangible and intangible assets?

Tangible assets are physical items such as buildings, vehicles, and machinery. Intangible assets include copyrights, trademarks, patents, goodwill, and so on.

What is the criteria for recognizing a fixed asset in accounting?

A fixed asset should be recognized in accounting when it is used in the normal operations of the company, not intended for sale, and has an economic benefit lasting more than one year.

What are the costs included in the acquisition cost of a fixed asset?

The acquisition cost includes the purchase price, direct costs such as import duties, transportation, installation, and initial restoration costs, as well as any trade discounts received.

How is the acquisition cost of a fixed asset determined when it is acquired in a lump sum with other assets?

When a fixed asset is acquired in a lump sum, the total purchase price must be allocated to each asset based on the fair value of each asset in proportion to the total fair value.

What is the accounting treatment for the acquisition of fixed assets through installment payments?

The accounting treatment for installment payments includes recognizing the principal and interest components of each payment, with interest calculated based on the outstanding balance at the start of each payment period.

Can a fixed asset be acquired through barter transactions? If so, how is it valued?

Yes, a fixed asset can be acquired through barter transactions and is valued based on the fair value of the asset given in exchange or received, adjusted for any cash or cash equivalents transferred.

How are fixed assets acquired by self-construction treated in accounting?

Fixed assets acquired by self-construction are accounted for based on the costs incurred to prepare the asset for its intended use, including materials, labor, and overheads.

What are the tax implications of acquiring fixed assets through donations or gifts according to Indonesian tax law?

Under certain conditions, such as when the donation is received by a government-recognized entity or is inherited, the asset may not be subject to tax. Otherwise, the asset's fair market value is used to determine the tax liability.

What are the special accounting rules for fixed assets in the context of tax accounting?

Special rules may include specific depreciation methods, tax deductions, or exemptions that differ from commercial accounting practices, as outlined in tax regulations.

How does the economic life of an asset influence its classification as a fixed asset?

An asset is classified as a fixed asset if it is expected to provide economic benefits for more than one year. If the expected life is less than one year, it is typically classified as a current asset or an expense.

What are the key components of the initial direct costs that can be attributed to the acquisition of a fixed asset?

The key components include the purchase price, import duties, transportation costs, installation costs, and any initial restoration costs necessary to make the asset operational.