S9Q1W8: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration (Part 2)
Summary
TLDRThis educational script explores photosynthesis and cellular respiration, two critical biological processes. Photosynthesis, occurring in chloroplasts, uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration, happening in mitochondria, converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The script highlights their complementary roles in ecosystems, emphasizing the interconnectedness of life.
Takeaways
- 🌿 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some bacteria convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
- 🔆 The standard formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2, where glucose and oxygen are produced.
- 🌞 Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid and require light, while light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the stroma and do not require light.
- 💧 The reactants for light-dependent reactions are water, NADP+, and ADP+, while those for light-independent reactions are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.
- 🍃 The products of light-dependent reactions are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH, and the products of light-independent reactions are glucose, NAD+, and ADP + phosphate.
- 🏃♂️ Cellular respiration is the process by which our cells derive energy from the food we eat, converting glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
- 🔋 ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the primary energy carrier in living organisms and is often referred to as the 'currency of biological energy'.
- 🌱 Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen), with aerobic respiration producing ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
- 🔄 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes; the products of one serve as reactants for the other, maintaining a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- 🧬 Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essential for life, with photosynthesis occurring in chloroplasts and cellular respiration in mitochondria.
Q & A
What is the primary process plants use to make food?
-The primary process plants use to make food is photosynthesis.
What are the main reactants in the process of photosynthesis?
-The main reactants in photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
-Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs the energy from the sun, which is essential for photosynthesis.
What are the two parts of photosynthesis and where do they occur?
-The two parts of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions, which occur in the thylakoid, and the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions, which occur in the stroma.
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
-The products of the light-dependent reactions are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
What is the role of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
-ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells. It is generated in photosynthesis and used in cellular respiration.
What is the chemical formula for glucose and how does it relate to cellular respiration?
-The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. It is the reactant in cellular respiration, which converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
How does cellular respiration differ from photosynthesis in terms of energy?
-Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy, while photosynthesis is a process that absorbs energy.
In which part of the cell does cellular respiration take place?
-Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
What is the significance of the complementary relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
-The complementary relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is significant because the products of one process become the reactants of the other, creating a cycle that sustains life on Earth.
What is the role of oxygen in the process of cellular respiration?
-Oxygen is used in the process of cellular respiration to react with glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
How does the process of aerobic cellular respiration differ from anaerobic cellular respiration?
-Aerobic cellular respiration uses oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, while anaerobic cellular respiration does not require oxygen and produces lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide.
Outlines
🌿 Photosynthesis and Its Process
This paragraph delves into the process of photosynthesis, which is how plants create food. It requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. The standard formula for photosynthesis is presented, highlighting the role of chlorophyll in capturing sunlight. The paragraph distinguishes between light-dependent reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membrane and require light, and light-independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions, occurring in the stroma and do not require light. Reactants and products for both types of reactions are detailed, and the importance of ATP in both processes is emphasized. The analogy of exercise and the necessity of food as a source of energy for the body are used to explain the role of ATP in cellular respiration.
🔋 Cellular Respiration and Its Comparison with Photosynthesis
The second paragraph focuses on cellular respiration, the process by which organisms derive energy from food. It contrasts photosynthesis and cellular respiration, highlighting their differences in energy requirements, reactants, products, and the organisms and locations where they occur. The paragraph emphasizes the complementary nature of these processes, with cellular respiration releasing energy from glucose and oxygen, and photosynthesis absorbing energy to produce glucose and oxygen. The standard equations for both processes are presented, illustrating their inverse relationship and the importance of maintaining atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. The paragraph concludes with a series of questions aimed at reinforcing the understanding of these concepts.
🌱 Photosynthesis: The Energy Conversion Process
This paragraph continues the discussion on photosynthesis, emphasizing its role in energy conversion. It describes how chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants, uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. The paragraph outlines the light-dependent reactions occurring in the thylakoid membrane and the light-independent reactions in the stroma, detailing the concepts of photosynthesis and respiration. It encourages learners to illustrate and label the equation for photosynthesis accurately, reinforcing the understanding of this vital process.
🫀 Cellular Respiration: The Energy Extraction Process
The final paragraph focuses on cellular respiration, detailing how it uses oxygen and glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. It explains both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, highlighting the role of oxygen in the process. The paragraph provides a task for learners to illustrate and label the equation for cellular respiration. It also includes an activity where learners identify terms related to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. The paragraph concludes with a comparison table between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, summarizing the key differences and similarities between these two essential biological processes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Photosynthesis
💡Chlorophyll
💡Calvin Cycle
💡ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
💡Cellular Respiration
💡Mitochondria
💡Glucose
💡Carbon Dioxide
💡Electron Transport Chain
💡Thylakoid
💡Stroma
Highlights
Photosynthesis is the process of making food for plants using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis formula: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Photosynthesis involves light-dependent reactions at the thylakoid and light-independent reactions at the stroma.
Light-dependent reactions require light and involve chlorophyll absorbing photons.
Light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, do not require light.
Reactants for light-dependent reactions are water, NADP+, and ADP+ with phosphorus.
Products of light-dependent reactions are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
Reactants for light-independent reactions are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.
Products of light-independent reactions are glucose, NAD+, and ADP with phosphorus.
Both photosynthesis processes require and generate ATP.
Exercise is compared to a car needing fuel, emphasizing the importance of food as a source of energy.
ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the molecule that provides energy to our cells.
Cellular respiration is the process of deriving energy from food.
Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen to produce energy, with carbon dioxide and water as by-products.
Glucose is converted into energy by adding six molecules of oxygen, resulting in carbon dioxide and water.
ATP is referred to as the currency of biological energy.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are complementary processes.
Photosynthesis absorbs energy, while cellular respiration releases energy.
Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria, while photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.
The products of cellular respiration are reactants for photosynthesis, maintaining atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The ecosystem relies on the cycle of photosynthesis and respiration for survival.
Learning task involves observing the exchange of materials during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, while respiration occurs in mitochondria.
Light energy is needed for photosynthesis, while chemical energy is needed for cellular respiration.
Carbon dioxide and water are materials needed during photosynthesis.
Illustrating the equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a key learning task.
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically or anaerobically.
The equation of cellular respiration is glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are compared in terms of process, energy requirement, reactants, products, organisms, glucose role, time, and location.
Transcripts
last time we discussed photosynthesis
we learned the process of making food
for plants
it involves the energy from the sun
water and carbon dioxide
it gives off oxygen and makes simple
sugar like glucose
the standard formula for photosynthesis
is six atoms of carbon dioxide plus
water through the energy from the sun
absorbed by the chlorophyll will yield
glucose and oxygen
we also discussed about the processes
involved in it such as the photo part
and the synthesis part
the photo part covers the light
dependent reactions and the synthesis
part covers the light independent
reactions
the light independent reactions is also
known as the calvin cycle or the dark
reactions
again let us review them by looking at
the table of comparison
light dependent reactions happen at the
thylakoid where the chlorophyll a green
pigment of the plant absorbs the photons
or energy from the sun while the light
independent reactions happens at the
stroma
light dependent reactions require the
presence of light while
light-independent reactions do not
the reactants for the light dependent
reactions are
water
nadp plus and adb plus phosphorus
while the reactants for light
independent reactions are carbon dioxide
atp and nadph
the products of light dependent
reactions are oxygen
atp
and nadph
while the products of the light
independent reactions are glucose
nad plus
and adp plus phosphorus
both processes require and generate atp
both utilizes the electron transport
chain through oxidation reduction and
both utilizes the atp synthase
[Music]
did you see that kind of extreme
exercise
when you do an exercise you move the
different parts of your body just like
your arms and your legs
learners i encourage you that even
though you are at home you should make
an exercise by just simply sweeping the
floor cleaning the house or folding your
clothes
just like a car it has to have enough
fuel inside its tank for it to run
otherwise you will not be able to go to
any place
food is essentially a source of energy
for our body
have you experienced skipping a meal
it feels so terrible
you're like a cell phone with low
battery charge you cannot move actively
you become dull and weak
that is almost hard for you to push or
pull objects
what is it with the food that makes it a
source of energy
it is the molecule called the atp or
adenosine triphosphate
there is a process that our cells go
through to provide themselves with power
the process is called cellular
respiration
it is how we derive energy from the food
that we eat
most of the food that we eat like rice
bread cereals and many more turning into
glucose
cellular respiration requires glucose
and oxygen to produce energy while the
carbon dioxide and water are the
by-products
before we can use the glucose from the
food that we eat into a usable form of
energy
it has to be converted first
we have the chemical formula for one
molecule of glucose
it is c6 h12 and o6
and in order to turn this glucose into
energy we need to add six molecules of
oxygen
now we are going to turn the glucose and
oxygen into molecules of carbon dioxide
and six molecules of water
again glucose and oxygen are the
reactants while carbon dioxide water and
atp are the products
now do you think we can use it already
not yet our body still has to turn it
into a more specific form of stored
energy and we call it as atp or
adenosine triphosphate it is sometimes
referred to as the currency of
biological energy
the same goes with energy
before we can use it it has to be
converted into atp and that is the only
way we can use it as a form of usable
energy it is evident in many life
processes such as moving
growing and creating impulses in the
brain among others
now let us compare cellular respiration
and
photosynthesis in terms of process
cellular respiration is a process that
releases energy
while photosynthesis is a process that
absorbs energy
in terms of energy requirement
cell respiration uses chemical energy
from the food while photosynthesis uses
light energy from the sun
in terms of reactants
cellular respiration uses glucose and
oxygen while photosynthesis uses carbon
dioxide and water
in terms of their products cellular
respiration produces carbon dioxide and
water while in photosynthesis are
glucose and oxygen
in terms of organisms cellular
respiration occurs in plants and animals
while photosynthesis occurs in all green
plants
in terms of the role of glucose in
cellular respiration glucose is broken
down while in photosynthesis glucose is
produced
in terms of time cellular respiration
occurs in all times while photosynthesis
happens only in the presence of light
and in terms of sight
cellular respiration takes place at the
mitochondria
while the photosynthesis takes place in
the chloroplasts
the two biological reactions that
complement each other in the environment
are photosynthesis
and respiration
that occur in reverse manner in the
process of respiration oxygen and
glucose yield water and carbon dioxide
while carbon dioxide and water yields
glucose and oxygen in photosynthesis
both photosynthesis and respiration can
function enough as living organisms
provide carbon dioxide for plants that
undergo photosynthesis and produces
glucose
bacteria and plants release oxygen that
is required for all living organisms for
respiration the standard equation for
cellular respiration and photosynthesis
are almost opposite processes meaning
the interchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide by cellular respiration and
photosynthesis helps in maintaining both
atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide
and differ in the form of energy that is
being absorbed or released
notice that the products of cellular
respiration became the reactants of
photosynthesis
they really complement each other
this is exactly what is happening in our
ecosystem
plants absorb carbon dioxide released by
animals
it also absorbs water from the
environment through the help of the
sunlight upon absorption
they form glucose and oxygen that
animals need for them to produce carbon
dioxide and water
that plants need
it is just a cycle
wow such a complex process
that is why all of us are interconnected
we need one another to survive
for our learning task number one you
will observe the diagram showing the
exchange of materials during
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
then you will answer the guide questions
here are the questions number one in
which part of the cell does
photosynthesis happen
number two in which part of the cell
does respiration happen
question number three what energy is
needed by the photosynthetic organisms
during the process of photosynthesis
number four what energy is needed by
organisms during cell respiration
and number five what are the materials
needed during photosynthesis
let us answer question number one
in which part of the cell does
photosynthesis happen
the answer is
chloroplasts
let us answer question number two
in which part of the cell does
respiration happen
the answer is
mitochondria
let us answer question number three
what energy is needed by photosynthetic
organisms during the process of
photosynthesis
the answer is
light energy
let us answer question number four
what energy is needed by organisms
during cell respiration
the answer is
chemical energy
let us answer question number five
what are the materials
needed during photosynthesis
the answer is carbon dioxide and water
get ready for the learning task number
two
photosynthesis is the process used by
plants and some bacteria to create
energy from sunlight chlorophyll is the
green pigment in plants that is
responsible for this conversion process
during photosynthesis
phototrophs use energy from the sun
along with carbon dioxide and water to
form glucose and oxygen
can you illustrate the equation for
photosynthesis
go ahead you will also label it properly
[Music]
light dependent thylakoid uses light
energy atp and nadph
and the light independent or dark
reaction stroma fixation reduction no
sunlight needed concepts include
photosynthesis and respiration
good job now we will proceed to learning
task number three
respiration process and equation
respiration is the process of taking
oxygen from the air and cycling it
through the lungs which then gives
oxygen to blood to be used in the body
the carbon dioxide waste is expelled out
of the lungs cellular respiration uses
glucose or sugars from the food
molecules and turn them into carbon
dioxide water and atp a nucleotide
essential to the body
cellular respiration can occur both
aerobically
using oxygen or anaerobically without
oxygen
during aerobic cellular respiration
glucose reacts with oxygen forming atp
that can be used by the cell
carbon dioxide and water are created as
byproduct
your task is to illustrate the equation
of cellular respiration and label it
properly
okay let's answer the equation for
cellular respiration is glucose plus six
atoms of oxygen will yield six atoms of
carbon dioxide plus six atoms of water
plus atp
nice try learners you always have the
time to practice
now in the next activity you will
identify the term by reading the
description
question number one the process
happening inside the cell of organisms
is
the answer is cellular
respiration number two the primary
energy carrier in living things is
the answer is adenosine triphosphate or
atp
number three cellular respiration occurs
in the
the answer is mitochondria
number four
the jelly-like substance that fills the
space between is
the answer is the cytoplasm
number five
the process that requires oxygen is
the answer is aerobic
number six the process that does not
require oxygen is
the answer is anaerobic
in number seven
an anaerobic pathway for breaking down
glucose is
the answer is fermentation
marvelous nice try grade nine and for
the last activity
you will complete the table of
comparison between photosynthesis and
cellular respiration
[Music]
and here are the answers number one it
happens in all organisms specifically in
aerobic
number two the process occurs in the
chloroplast
number three the reactants are glucose
and oxygen
number four the products are glucose and
oxygen and number five it undergoes
catabolic process
learners i hope you learned something
from today's episode about
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
[Music]
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