PPG 1.4 Types and Forms of Government

K12 Study Club

8 Sept 202007:33

Summary

TLDRThis video discusses various types and forms of government, focusing on monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. It explains the differences between constitutional and absolute monarchies, the role of aristocracies, and the evolution of democratic systems. The video also explores different forms of democratic governments, such as presidential, parliamentary, and hybrid systems, with examples from countries like the Philippines, Australia, and France. Additionally, the video highlights federal systems, such as the United States, and their unique distribution of power between the federal government and individual states.

Takeaways

🗺️ The video covers types and forms of government used around the world, evolving through history to impact societal development.
👑 Monarchy is a government ruled by a single person, with various terms for monarchs such as king, queen, sultan, and more.
📜 Constitutional monarchy limits the monarch's power with a constitution, sharing governance with an organized government (e.g., the UK, Japan, Morocco).
🤴 Absolute monarchy gives the monarch complete control over political, economic, and social authority, as exemplified by Louis XIV of France.
👑 Aristocracy is a government ruled by a small, elite group, often of nobility or the political elite, as seen in ancient Sparta and medieval Europe.
⚖️ Democracy follows the rule of the people, with two main types: direct democracy (like ancient Athens) and representative democracy (starting with the Romans).
🇵🇭 The Philippines practices a presidential form of government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judiciary, and a bicameral legislature.
🇦🇺 Australia follows a parliamentary system where the executive and legislative branches are closely linked, with the prime minister leading the government.
🇫🇷 France uses a presidential-parliamentary system, where the president and prime minister share governing roles with specific powers.
🇺🇸 The federal system divides power between a federal government and individual states, as seen in the United States, where each state has distinct laws.

Q & A

What are the three major types of government according to classical arrangement?
-The three major types of government according to classical arrangement are monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
What is a monarchy, and what are the different titles used for monarchs in various nations?
-A monarchy is a form of government ruled by a single person, known as the monarch. Different titles for monarchs in various nations include king, queen, sultan, prince, czar, and emperor.
How does a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy?
-In a constitutional monarchy, the power and authority to govern are shared between the monarch and an organized government, limited by a constitution. In an absolute monarchy, the monarch has complete control over political power, economics, and all forms of authority.
What is an aristocracy, and how does it differ from democracy?
-An aristocracy is a type of government ruled by a small group of people, typically from the political and social elite. In contrast, democracy follows the rule of the people, where power is more widely distributed among the population.
What are the two types of democracy, and how do they differ?
-The two types of democracy are direct democracy and representative (or republican) democracy. In direct democracy, people directly participate in government activities, whereas in representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to govern on their behalf.
What is the presidential system of government, and how is power divided in this system?
-In a presidential system of government, power is divided equally among three branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. The president serves as the head of the executive branch, and legislatures may be either unicameral or bicameral.
How does a parliamentary system function, and who leads the government in this system?
-In a parliamentary system, the executive and legislative branches are closely related. The government is led by a prime minister, appointed by the coalition parties with the greatest representation in the legislature. Minority parties serve as opposition.
What is a presidential-parliamentary system, and how does it combine elements of both systems?
-A presidential-parliamentary system is a hybrid of the presidential and parliamentary systems. It features both an elected president and a prime minister, who is chosen from the ranks of legislators in the parliament. The prime minister must maintain majority support in the legislature.
What is a federal system of government, and how is power divided in such a system?
-A federal system is a federation of individual states, each with its own democratic government. Power is clearly divided between the federal government and the member states. For example, in the United States, there are federal laws as well as state laws, which can vary between states.
What happens in a federal system if a crime is committed in one state and the criminal flees to another state?
-In a federal system, if a crime is committed in one state and the criminal flees to another, the state where the crime was committed must coordinate with the state the criminal fled to in order to extradite the criminal back for prosecution.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 Overview of Types and Forms of Government

This paragraph introduces the topic of government types and forms around the world, explaining their historical evolution and their roles in societal progress. It outlines three classical government types: monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. Monarchies are led by a single ruler like a king or queen, with two main variations: constitutional monarchy (where power is shared with a government) and absolute monarchy (where the monarch holds complete control). Aristocracy is a government led by a small group of elite individuals, while democracy is a government ruled by the people, with two forms: direct and representative democracy.

05:01

🏛️ Forms of Democratic Government

This paragraph explores the forms of democratic governments. The presidential system, like that of the Philippines, divides power between executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with a president as the head. Parliamentary systems, such as in Australia, have close ties between the executive and legislative branches, with a prime minister as the leader. The hybrid presidential-parliamentary system, like France's, combines both models, with a president and a prime minister. The federal system, like that of the United States, consists of individual states with distinct laws, and clear divisions of power between federal and state governments.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government ruled by a single individual, typically a king or queen. This form of government is significant to the video's theme as it illustrates one of the classical types of governance. The video mentions different monarch titles, such as king, queen, and emperor, and provides examples of constitutional monarchies like the United Kingdom and Spain, as well as absolute monarchies like that of Louis XIV of France.

💡Constitutional Monarchy

A constitutional monarchy is a type of monarchy in which the monarch's power is limited by a constitution, and governance is shared with an organized government. This concept is key to understanding the distribution of power in certain governments, as highlighted in the video, which lists the United Kingdom, Spain, and Japan as examples.

💡Absolute Monarchy

Absolute monarchy refers to a system where the monarch holds complete control over all aspects of government, without constitutional limits. This concept is central to the discussion of government forms in the video, with Louis XIV of France cited as an example of an absolute monarch who famously declared, 'I am the state.'

💡Aristocracy

Aristocracy is a form of government ruled by a small, elite group, often considered morally and intellectually superior. The video explains that aristocracies have historically been led by noble families, such as the patricians in Rome or the medieval nobility in Europe, and are sometimes synonymous with oligarchies.

💡Democracy

Democracy is a system of government where power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives. It is central to modern governance, as explained in the video, with the motto 'of the people, by the people, for the people.' The video contrasts direct democracy, such as in ancient Athens, with representative democracy, where citizens elect officials to make decisions on their behalf.

💡Direct Democracy

Direct democracy is a form of democracy where citizens directly participate in decision-making processes, without intermediaries or representatives. The video emphasizes that this system worked in small political units like ancient Athens, but is less feasible in larger, modern nations.

💡Representative Democracy

Representative democracy is a form of government where citizens elect officials to represent their interests in the government. The video highlights how this system allows larger populations to participate in governance, and how it originated from ancient Rome. It contrasts with direct democracy and is the foundation of most modern democratic states.

💡Presidential Government

A presidential government is a system in which the president is both the head of state and the head of government. The video explains that this system, such as that of the Philippines, divides power among executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The president serves as the highest executive authority, and the government operates with either a unicameral or bicameral legislature.

💡Parliamentary System

In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is closely linked with the legislative branch, and the government is led by a prime minister. The video explains that in such systems, the prime minister is appointed from the majority party or coalition in the legislature, with cabinet members often chosen from the same ranks. Examples include Australia, where the Queen is represented by a governor general, alongside a parliamentary democracy.

💡Federal System

A federal system divides power between a central government and individual states, each of which has its own government. The video explains that the United States is an example of a federal system, where state laws can vary significantly, and states maintain some level of autonomy while being united under a national government.

Highlights

There are three major types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.

Monarchy is a form of government ruled by a single person, such as a king, queen, sultan, or emperor.

There are two types of monarchy: constitutional monarchy, where the monarch's power is limited by a constitution, and absolute monarchy, where the monarch holds full authority.

An example of an absolute monarchy is Louis XIV of France, who ruled with complete control from 1661 to 1715.

Aristocracy is a form of government where a small group of people, often from noble or elite backgrounds, rule.

The concept of aristocracy is often associated with superior moral and intellectual capabilities of the ruling class.

Democracy is the rule of the many or rule of the people, and is currently the most popular form of government.

Two common types of democracy are direct democracy, where citizens directly participate in governance, and representative democracy, where citizens elect representatives.

In a presidential system, like in the Philippines, power is divided among the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches.

In a parliamentary system, the executive and legislative branches are closely connected, with the prime minister leading the government.

The presidential-parliamentary system is a hybrid of both systems, where both a president and a prime minister share power.

A federal system divides power between a central federal government and individual member states.

The United States of America is an example of a federal government, where individual states have their own laws that may differ from one another.

In federal systems, coordination between states is necessary when a crime is committed in one state and the suspect flees to another.

Different forms of democratic governments distribute power differently among leaders and institutions, influencing the structure of governance.