Ultimate 13 Colonies Review (Ace Your Test in 10 Minutes!)
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Mr. Betts offers a rapid-fire review of key points in colonial America, perfect for students facing an imminent test. He covers the first English settlements, the significance of tobacco as a cash crop, the establishment of the House of Burgesses, and the diverse motivations of different colonial groups. The video also touches on the geographical layout of the colonies, conflicts with Native Americans, the impact of the Great Migration, and the economic and religious diversity of the colonies. Mr. Betts concludes with a brief mention of the Salem witch trials, the Great Awakening, and the Iroquois Confederacy, providing a comprehensive snapshot of colonial America's complex history.
Takeaways
- 🏰 The first English colony in the New World, Roanoke, failed in 1587, while Jamestown became the first successful English settlement in 1607.
- 🌱 Tobacco became a major cash crop in the Virginia Colony, leading to its prosperity due to high demand in Europe.
- 👥 The Mayflower Compact was a document created by the Pilgrims in 1620, pledging loyalty to the King and establishing self-government.
- 🍁 The New England colonies, including Massachusetts, were known for rich forests, rocky soils, and good harbors, which facilitated trade.
- 🌾 The middle colonies, like New York and Pennsylvania, were known as the 'breadbasket colonies' due to their agricultural productivity, especially in wheat.
- 🏛️ The southern colonies had a warm climate, were agriculturally focused, and were predominantly Anglican, with significant cash crops like indigo.
- 🚢 The triangle trade involved the exchange of raw materials from the colonies to Europe, manufactured goods back to the colonies, and slaves from Africa.
- 📜 The Navigation Acts were a series of laws by England to control colonial trade, requiring the use of English ships and sale of goods only to England.
- 🔮 The Salem witch trials in 1692-1693 resulted in the execution of 20 people and highlighted the strict and intolerant nature of Puritan society.
- ✝️ The Great Awakening in the 1720s and 1730s was a religious revival that led to a rededication to Christianity and increased religious diversity.
Q & A
What was the first attempt at an English colony in the New World and what happened to it?
-The first attempt at an English colony in the New World was in 1587, known as Roanoke. It failed so miserably that the fate of the colonists remains unknown.
Which colony is credited as the first successful English settlement in North America?
-Jamestown, established in 1607, is recognized as the first successful English settlement in North America.
What was the significance of John Smith's leadership in Jamestown?
-John Smith's leadership was significant because he implemented the rule 'you don't work, you don't eat,' which helped the colony survive and prosper.
What is a cash crop and how did it contribute to the success of the Virginia Colony?
-A cash crop is a crop grown to be sold rather than consumed. Tobacco, being a cash crop, was grown and sold by colonists like John Rolfe, contributing significantly to the Virginia Colony's success.
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact, and why was it created?
-The Mayflower Compact was created by the Pilgrims in 1620 to pledge their loyalty to the King of England and to each other, and to establish a civil body politic for self-government in their new colony.
Who was Squanto and how did he help the Plymouth Colony?
-Squanto was a local Native American who taught the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony how to use the land, which was crucial for their survival and success.
What does 'a city upon a hill' mean in the context of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
-In the context of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, 'a city upon a hill' refers to the Puritans' belief that they would be an example for the rest of the world, reflecting their self-righteousness and high moral standards.
What was the Great Migration and what was its impact on the English colonies?
-The Great Migration was a massive movement between the 1620s and 1640s where about 50,000 Puritans left Europe for the New World, mainly the English colonies, significantly increasing the population and influencing the cultural and religious landscape.
Why was Rhode Island founded and what was unique about its founding?
-Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams, a Puritan minister, after he was expelled from Massachusetts for advocating religious tolerance and fair dealings with Native Americans. Its founding was unique due to its commitment to religious freedom.
What was the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
-The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution in the colonies, setting a precedent for self-government and the rule of law.
What was the role of the triangle trade in the colonial economy?
-The triangle trade played a significant role in the colonial economy by facilitating the exchange of raw materials from the colonies to Europe, which were then turned into manufactured goods and either sent back to the colonies or to Africa for slaves and other goods.
What were the Navigation Acts and how did they impact the English colonies?
-The Navigation Acts were a series of laws in the mid-1600s that required colonists to use only English ships and sell their raw materials exclusively to England. This was intended to protect England's wealth and power, but it also led to resentment among the colonists.
Outlines
🏰 Early English Colonies in America
The paragraph discusses the early attempts at English colonization in the New World, highlighting the failed colony of Roanoke in 1587 and the successful establishment of Jamestown in 1607. It credits John Smith's leadership and the story of Pocahontas for the survival of Jamestown. The paragraph also covers the economic success of the Virginia Colony due to tobacco farming, which became a major cash crop. The growth of the colony led to the creation of the House of Burgesses, the first representative government in the English colonies. It then contrasts this with the Pilgrims' journey to the New World in 1620, their establishment of the Plymouth Colony, and the Mayflower Compact, which was a pledge of loyalty to the King of England and a commitment to self-governance. The paragraph also mentions the arrival of the Puritans and their establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for religious freedom, and the concept of a 'city upon a hill' as described by John Winthrop.
🌱 Colonial America: Geography, Conflict, and Diversity
This paragraph delves into the geographical distribution of the English colonies in America, from Massachusetts to Georgia, and the distinct characteristics of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It discusses the New England colonies' rocky soils and good harbors, the Middle colonies' fertile lands for agriculture, and the Southern colonies' warm climate and focus on cash crops like tobacco and indigo. The paragraph also covers the conflicts between colonists and Native Americans, exemplified by King Philip's War, and the diverse populations in the Middle colonies, including the Dutch in New Amsterdam and the Quakers in Pennsylvania. It mentions the Mason-Dixon line, which was established to resolve boundary disputes between Maryland and Pennsylvania, and the economic and social dynamics of the Southern colonies, including the rise of Charleston as a major shipping city and the introduction of African slaves to the colonies.
📜 Colonial America: Rebellions, Enlightenment, and the Press
The final paragraph covers significant events and developments in the English colonies, including Bacon's Rebellion, which was an uprising against both the indigenous people and the colonial government. It discusses the Salem witch trials, which resulted in the execution of 20 people and highlighted the strict and intolerant nature of the Puritan lifestyle. The paragraph also touches on the Great Awakening, a religious revival movement that encouraged a return to Christianity and contributed to increased religious diversity. It mentions the case of Peter Zenger, a newspaper publisher whose arrest and acquittal on charges of libel helped establish early freedom of the press. Lastly, it briefly discusses the Iroquois Confederacy, a group of Native American tribes that maintained independence from European powers and demonstrated the benefits of diverse groups working together.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Colonial America
💡House of Burgesses
💡Pilgrims
💡Tobacco
💡Great Migration
💡Middle Colonies
💡Salem Witch Trials
💡Mercantilism
💡Indigenous Peoples
💡Enlightenment
Highlights
First English colony in the New World failed in 1587 at Roanoke Island.
Jamestown, established in 1607, was the first successful English settlement.
John Smith's leadership and 'no work, no eat' policy at Jamestown.
Pocahontas saved John Smith and later married colonist John Rolfe.
Tobacco as a cash crop led to the prosperity of the Virginia Colony.
House of Burgesses was the first representative government in English colonies.
Pilgrims sought religious freedom and created the Mayflower Compact in 1620.
Squanto helped the Plymouth Colony to survive by teaching them about the land.
Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious freedom.
John Winthrop's 'city upon a hill' sermon symbolized the colony's example role.
The Great Migration saw 50,000 Puritans move to the New World between 1620s and 1640s.
Colonial map from north to south included Massachusetts to Georgia.
New England colonies known for forests, rocky soils, and good harbors.
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island on principles of religious tolerance.
King Philip's War was a conflict between colonists and Native Americans over land.
Middle colonies were known as the 'breadbasket colonies' for their agricultural productivity.
New Amsterdam was a Dutch settlement that became English after 1664.
William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and other persecuted groups.
Southern colonies had a warm climate, agricultural economy, and were mostly Anglican.
Maryland began as a Catholic colony but became more diverse with the Maryland Toleration Act.
Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising against both Native Americans and the colonial government.
The Mason-Dixon line was created to resolve a border dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland.
Indigo was a valuable crop in the Carolinas, used to create a blue dye.
Georgia was founded as a refuge for debtors and poor people by James Oglethorpe.
Indentured servants and African slaves were two different labor forces in the colonies.
The triangle trade involved raw materials, manufactured goods, and slaves.
Mercantilism was the economic theory that supported England's Navigation Acts.
The Salem witch trials in 1692-93 led to the execution of 20 people.
The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the 18th century.
Peter Zenger's trial was a landmark case for freedom of the press.
The Iroquois Confederacy was a union of Native American tribes that remained independent.
Transcripts
[Music]
you have a test yes I know that your
brain is still on summer vacation but
your body has a test on colonial America
in like ten minutes and you have no idea
what's going to be on it
luckily mr. Betts has got you covered in
the next ten minutes we're going to go
over 50 things that you need to know for
your colonial America test let's go
let's start with R Oh No the first
attempt at an English colony in the New
World
in 1587 it failed so miserably that
nobody knows what happened to the
colonists cut to Jamestown the first
successful English settlement in 1607
and what would become the Virginia
Colony now you can give a lot of credit
to John Smith the leader of Jamestown
who told colonists hey you don't work
you don't eat there's also the story
about how he was saved by Pocahontas the
daughter of Chief Powhatan leader of the
local Native American tribe Pocahontas
later marries the colonists named John
Rolfe who made his fortune growing and
selling tobacco which is a cash crop a
crop that you grow to sell and not to
eat tobacco is what I've initially
allowed the Virginia Colony to become
successful and prosper because people in
Europe could not get enough of the stuff
as Virginia grew and created the House
of Burgesses the first representative
government in the English colonies ripu
up north you have pilgrims or
separatists persecuted in England they
came to the new world in 1620 seeking
religious freedom now they were supposed
to settle around Manhattan so in order
to make their colony legal and
everything they decided to make the
Mayflower Compact a document which
pledged their loyalty to the King of
England and to each other and they
stated that they were going to create a
civil body politic yay more
self-government now it's a good thing
that they met Squanto a local Native
American
in that helped them learn to use the
land of the Plymouth Colony to celebrate
the harvest in the following year they
even had a Thanksgiving festival but
they wouldn't be alone for long
enter the Puritans also critical of the
Church of England they came to the new
world for religious freedom and for
opportunity one of the early governors
John Winthrop's said that they would be
a city upon a hill meaning that they
would be an example for the rest of the
world
self-righteous much this colony would be
known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony
especially known for religious freedom
for Puritans and not many other people
now they did have a General Court
another elected assembly that allowed
citizens to participate provided that
they were adults and male and belonged
to the church and owned property still
it could have been that better there
wouldn't have been the great migration
this massive movement between the 1620s
and the 1640s that saw fifty thousand
Puritans leave Europe for the new world
mainly the English colonies in the
Caribbean almost 20,000 Puritans
themselves went to New England oh wait
we haven't done geography yet quick a
colonial map from north to south you
have Massachusetts in two places
New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut
New York New Jersey Pennsylvania
Delaware Maryland Virginia North
Carolina South Carolina and Georgia now
the New England colonies refers to
Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut
and Rhode Island they were known for
their rich forests their rocky soils and
the really good harbors which was good
for commerce and trade Roger Williams
was a Puritan minister who founded Rhode
Island after he was kicked out of
Massachusetts for preaching religious
tolerance and fair dealing with the
Native Americans I know weird right and
Hutchinson had the nerve to be a woman
preaching to Puritans and she was
banished from Massachusetts as well down
in Connecticut you had the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut or the first
written constitution in the colonies
nothing for an all peachy-keen into
England as well as everywhere else
growing populations created growing
conflict between colonists and Native
Americans as seen in King Philip's War
in which King Philip aka medica
angry over colonial expansion and the
treatment of his people LED attacks on
colonists killing hundreds in turn the
colonists attacked Medicom and his
people as well as innocent Native
Americans and pretty much opened up the
whole region to colonial expansion now
the middle colonies consisting of New
York New Jersey Pennsylvania and
Delaware sometimes they're called the
breadbasket colonies because they were
so good at growing wheat what with their
seasonal climate and they were rustling
with diversity the whole region wasn't
always British New Amsterdam was a Dutch
settlement on the island of Manhattan
part of the larger New Netherland colony
it was filled with large estates called
Patroons and new incident even had a peg
leg governor called Peter Stuyvesant who
was forced to hand over the colony in
1664 to the English when they arrived
and he couldn't get anybody to fight for
them New Jersey just can you don't need
to know anything about New Jersey but
you do need to know William Penn an
Englishman who was owed money by King
Charles the second he said no man just
give me some land so that I can make a
colony and this colony Pennsylvania
would be good for people like him
Quakers another persecuted group from
England these ones were a pacifist they
were welcome in Pennsylvania as well as
everybody else I wanted to be treated
equally
what about Delaware well it was settled
by Swedes originally was part of Penn's
Pennsylvania but he allowed them to
break off and become their own colony
cut to the southern colonies which were
Maryland Virginia North Carolina South
Carolina and Georgia there the climate
was warm the economy agricultural the
motivation financial and the people
Anglican mostly Maryland started off as
a colony for Catholics yet another
persecuted group in England but soon
Anglican started pouring in which
prompted the Maryland Toleration Act
which granted religious freedom for
everyone
provided that they worship Jesus nobody
else now there was some conflict over
where Marilyn ended and Pennsylvania
began so the mason-dixon line was
created this was made to formally map
out the boundary and today the
mason-dixon line is the symbolic border
between the North and the
now I've already talked about Virginia
but I do have to mention Bacon's
Rebellion in which a planter Nathaniel
bacon led an uprising against Indians in
the West whose land they wanted and
against the government in the East who
they felt weren't protecting them North
Carolina was originally part of a single
unified Carolina they divided it in 1729
South Carolina was particularly good for
agriculture what with all its fertile
farmland and had a really good Harbor
that would become Charleston the single
most important shipping city in all of
the colonial south indigo a crop develop
I Eliza Lucas pickney was able to create
a beautiful blue dye group particularly
well in the Carolinas and became in high
demand James Oglethorpe started a
different kind of colony in Georgia now
back in England if you are in debt you
could go to prison so obiter wanted to
create a colony in which debtors and
other poor people could come for a fresh
start angling liked the idea because
that would create a buffer between the
Spanish down south and the rest of the
colonies that they actually like up
north indentured servants also came to
the colonies looking for opportunities
now getting here was very expensive so
they would contract themselves out for a
set amount of years and change for
transit room and board and hopefully a
good piece of land when they were done
working in their contract expired
African slaves on the other hand did not
come over voluntarily first arriving in
Jamestown in 1619 they were kidnapped
brought over sold and forced to work on
new plantations in the 13 colonies and
down in the Caribbean now this was all
part of the triangle trade which saw raw
materials coming from the colonies going
to Europe there they would be turned
into manufactured goods that would be
sent back to the colonies or down to
Africa in which they would be exchanged
for gold spices and slaves
hola de aqueon Oh an African who had
once been kidnapped and enslaved wrote
about the horrible Middle Passage or
transit from Africa to the new world in
his narrative still this all fell in
line with the theory of mercantilism
which said that a nation's power
in its wealth and you've got to do what
you got to do to make that wealth to
protect their wealth England even Basque
the Navigation Acts a series of laws in
the mid 1600s that said that colonists
can only use English ships and can only
sell their raw materials to England and
no other countries mr. Betts I hate to
be rude here but you said that word
colony about a million times in this
video and you have yet to define what it
actually means or the different types of
them Oh
well tag me in a colony is an area
controlled by another country and it's
usually settled by people from another
country there were three types of
English colonies charter colonies saw
settlers receiving grants or charters
and the people there could elect their
own officials these were your
Connecticut's or your Rhode Island's
proprietary colonies the people that
were granted the land had the power they
usually appointed their officials but
sometimes they elected them we're
talking that like you're Delaware's or
you're Maryland's here royal colonies
the king was still in control which
means he appointed officials and
governors and even if a colony had its
own officials Great Britain was still in
charge this would totally not lead to
any conflict down the road so this is
your New York's your virginia's and your
massachusetts this is thanks mr. B we
have time for just a couple more before
the test starts let's do the Salem witch
trials in Salem Massachusetts 1692 to 93
just a little witch hunt that saw 20
people executed and one dog and expose
the Puritan lifestyle is maybe too
strict and intolerant in self-righteous
the Great Awakening a series of
religious revivals in the 1720s and 40s
that called on people to rededicate
themselves to Christianity look away
from enlightenment ideals like logic and
reason and apparently constantly think
about 80 double hockey sticks if
Jonathan Edwards is to be believed
ironically this actually led to more
religious diversity you should know
Peter Zenger a newspaper publisher that
was critical of the New York royal
governor he was arrested for getting all
savage in the papers but was found
killed
on account of all of it being true yes
early freedom of the press and don't
forget the Iroquois Confederacy a new
york-based group of Native Americans
first five tribes later six they remain
independent of England and France and
showed what happens when diverse group
of people work together for a common
good
foreshadowing time we have but I think
you're good to go if you think you're
going to kill this test give this video
a like and let me know how you did in
the comments make sure you subscribe
because it's a long school year and
we're going to get through this together
also subscribe to mr. beat thanks for
helping us out be safe I'll see you next
time
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