The Making of Pulp

Summary

视频讲述了爱达荷州清水纸厂的制纸和能源生成过程。工厂利用木屑、锯末、树皮等原料制造纸浆，并通过燃烧树皮生成蒸汽和绿色电力。视频详细描述了从木屑处理、蒸煮到回收化学品的循环系统，以及如何在漂白站去除木纤维中的木质素，使其变为白色纸浆。此外，清水纸厂每天使用大量水来冷却、清洁设备，并在处理后将净化的水返回河流。整个过程高效、环保，确保废物最小化，展现了对环境的责任感。

Takeaways

• 🌲 爱达荷州森林在造纸过程中扮演重要角色，Clearwater纸厂使用木屑、锯末和树皮等材料来制造纸张和发电。
• 🚛 Clearwater纸厂是爱达荷州许多锯木厂的第二大客户，每天有240多辆卡车运送木材纤维到工厂。
• ⛏️ 木屑和锯末被筛选并用于制造纸浆，而树皮等小碎片则被燃烧以生成蒸汽，用于驱动造纸机和发电机。
• 🔥 木屑经过筛选和清洗后，进入消化器进行高压处理，以分解木纤维并去除木质素。
• 🔄 木质素通过一系列化学处理和蒸发过程被去除，生成的黑液和绿液被进一步循环再利用。
• ♻️ 该工厂采用环保且高效的循环工艺，将白液转化为黑液，再经过绿液，最终回收为白液继续使用。
• 🧪 纸浆还需经过漂白站的多步骤漂白处理，以确保所有残留木质素被去除，最终变成明亮的白色纤维。
• 💧 Clearwater纸厂每天使用数百万加仑的水来冷却、清洗和运输产品，水资源也用于蒸汽和设备冷却。
• 🌊 使用过的水在复杂的过滤和净化系统中循环处理，确保排放回河流之前达到高环保标准。
• 💡 Clearwater纸厂在美国环保要求最严格的纸浆厂之一，尽可能地做到环保和减少浪费。

Q & A

清水纸厂的主要原材料是什么？

清水纸厂的主要原材料包括木屑、锯末、树皮等小块木材。

清水纸厂是如何为周边锯木厂带来经济效益的？

清水纸厂是许多当地锯木厂的第二大客户，购买锯木厂的剩余木材产品，使其成为有价值的商品。

清水纸厂每天处理多少木纤维？

清水纸厂每天接收超过240卡车的木纤维，大部分来自爱达荷州的锯木厂。

清水纸厂使用哪些废料来发电？

清水纸厂使用树皮和其他小块木材（称为‘废料’）来燃烧，产生蒸汽为纸机提供动力并发电。

在纸浆制造过程中，木片的主要成分是什么？

木片的主要成分是50%的水分和25%的纤维素纤维，纤维素纤维是制造纸浆的主要原料。

木片中的木质素在制浆过程中如何去除？

木片被放入蒸煮器，与称为‘白液’的化学液体一起高温加压，木质素逐渐溶解，从而分离出纤维素纤维。

什么是黑液和它的用途是什么？

黑液是木片蒸煮后包含木质素和化学物质的液体，这些液体会被蒸发浓缩后燃烧以产生蒸汽和电力。

清水纸厂如何循环利用化学物质？

通过添加石灰，黑液中的化学物质被再生，重新转化为白液，循环使用于纸浆蒸煮过程。

纸浆在漂白过程中发生了什么变化？

纸浆在漂白站通过漂白剂和水的多次洗涤，逐渐去除残留的木质素，纤维颜色从棕色变为白色。

清水纸厂如何处理生产过程中使用的大量水？

清水纸厂使用大量水来冷却、清洗和传输产品，并通过复杂的系统将水过滤、清洁和净化后，才排放回河流。

Outlines

00:00

🌲 Idaho森林与造纸的关系

爱达荷州的森林在造纸过程中起着重要作用，Clearwater造纸厂使用木屑、锯末、树皮等原料来生产纸张和电力。Clearwater是许多锯木厂的重要客户，其位于刘易斯顿的造纸厂占爱达荷州木材产品销售的一半。每天约有240卡车的木纤维运抵工厂，木屑和锯末被用于制造纸浆，树皮和小块木片则被燃烧产生蒸汽，驱动造纸机并发电。

05:00

⚡ 白液与黑液循环工艺

在造纸过程中，木屑中的纤维素是造纸的关键原料，而木质素作为木纤维的粘合剂需要被去除。通过在蒸煮器中高温高压的工艺，木质素与纤维分离。分离后的液体称为黑液，经过蒸发浓缩后在回收锅炉中燃烧，生成蒸汽和电力。剩余的化学物质经过处理后恢复成白液，形成白液-黑液-绿液的循环，使造纸过程不仅环保，还非常经济。

🔄 环保与漂白工艺

木纤维在蒸煮后仍然不够纯净，为去除剩余的木质素，纤维会被送往漂白站，通过一系列漂白步骤，使纤维逐渐变白。最终，经过处理后的纤维可以用于不同的造纸过程或储存备用。漂白后的纤维从原本深棕色变为明亮的白色，适合进一步使用。

💧 造纸过程中的水资源使用

水在造纸过程中至关重要，Clearwater造纸厂每天使用数百万加仑的水，水被用于冷却、清洁以及推动产品流动，同时也用于锅炉中的蒸汽生产。造纸厂不断循环使用水，最后经过复杂的净化系统处理后，将水清洁地排回河流。Clearwater造纸厂严格遵守美国排放标准，体现了其对环保的高度重视。

🌍 现代纸浆厂的环保责任

现代纸浆厂尽可能环保运行，Clearwater造纸厂为了确保环保投入了数百万美元的设备。几乎没有废料，大部分资源被循环再利用，展示了造纸厂在保护环境方面的努力和责任感。

Keywords

💡纸浆（Pulp）

纸浆是制作纸张的主要成分，由木纤维制成。在视频中，木屑和锯末被加工成纸浆，最终用于制造纸张。通过洗涤和漂白步骤，纸浆从棕色变为亮白色，以用于生产纸巾或纸板。

💡木屑（Wood Chips）

木屑是造纸过程中的关键原材料之一，来源于锯木厂的副产品。在视频中，木屑经过筛选、清洗，然后送入消化器进行加工，最终转化为纸浆。

💡白液（White Liquor）

白液是一种化学液体，包含用于分解木纤维的烹饪化学物质。在视频中，它被加入消化器，与木屑一起加热和加压，帮助分解木材中的木质素，将其转化为纸浆。

💡黑液（Black Liquor）

黑液是造纸过程中白液转化后的副产品，包含分解后的木质素和其他成分。视频中，黑液经过蒸发去除水分，然后在回收锅炉中燃烧产生蒸汽和电力。

💡绿液（Green Liquor）

绿液是燃烧黑液后剩余的烹饪化学物质。在视频中，绿液经过与石灰混合处理，恢复为白液，开始循环再利用，从而提高了造纸过程的环保性和经济性。

💡消化器（Digester）

消化器是一种类似于高压锅的设备，用于将木屑与白液混合并加热。在视频中，消化器通过高温高压分解木质素，将木屑转化为纸浆，这个过程是纸张生产的关键步骤之一。

💡回收锅炉（Recovery Boiler）

回收锅炉是一种专门设计的锅炉，用于燃烧黑液，生成蒸汽和电力。在视频中，回收锅炉不仅提供能源，还通过回收烹饪化学物质实现资源的再利用。

💡锯木厂副产品（Sawmill Residuals）

锯木厂副产品指的是如木屑、锯末和树皮等材料，这些材料在视频中被运送到造纸厂，用于生产纸浆和电力，是造纸过程中的重要资源。

💡漂白站（Bleaching Station）

漂白站是纸浆生产过程中清除残留木质素的地方。在视频中，纸浆经过多个漂白步骤，逐渐变白，确保最终纸张的质量和洁白度。

💡水循环系统（Water Recycling System）

水在造纸过程中扮演重要角色，用于冷却、清洗和运输原材料。在视频中，水经过多次使用后，会被过滤和净化，确保造纸厂对环境的影响最小。

Highlights

Idaho forests play a key role in paper production and electricity generation.

Clearwater Paper is the second-largest customer for many Idaho sawmills, making sawmill residuals valuable.

Clearwater Paper's Lewiston mill accounts for half of all forest product sales in Idaho.

240 truckloads of wood fiber arrive daily at the Clearwater mill, mostly from Idaho sawmills.

Wood chips and sawdust are used to make pulp for paper, while bark and small pieces are used as fuel for green electricity.

Wood chips go through screening and washing processes before being sent to the digestor.

The wood contains 50% water, 25% cellulose fiber (used for pulp), and 25% lignan (natural glue).

Lignan is removed in digestors using white liquor, and the cooking process turns it into black liquor.

The black liquor is concentrated and burned in a recovery boiler to generate steam and electricity.

Green liquor is formed after burning, and the cycle of white, black, and green liquor is continuously repeated.

The Kraft process made paper affordable for the masses and is environmentally sound and cost-effective.

Bleaching stations remove any remaining lignan to produce bright white cellulose fiber.

Water plays a vital role in the paper-making process and is recycled throughout the mill.

The Clearwater Paper mill uses millions of gallons of water daily, returning it to the river after purification.

Clearwater Paper operates with some of the tightest environmental discharge constraints in the U.S.

Transcripts

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Idaho forests play an important role in

the making of paper and at Clear Water

paper in Leon Idaho wood chips sawdust

bark and other small pieces are

ingredients for paper and

electricity did you know that Clearwater

paper is often the number two customer

for many area Sawmills making Sawmill

residuals a valuable product did you

also know that Clearwater papers Mill at

Lewiston accounts for half of all Forest

product sales in

Idaho more than 240 truckloads of wood

fiber a day arrive at the Mill mostly

from Idaho

Sawmills Each truck is raised to an 80°

angle and

emptied its contents then

sorted wood chips and sawdust will be

used to manufacture the pulp from which

paper is

made bark and other small pieces known

as hog fuel is burned generating steam

that powers paper machines at the Mill

and runs turbines to generate green

electricity the wood chips are first

screened for size pieces that are either

too big or too small are returned to the

hog fuel pile sorted chips are then

washed and sent to the

digestor when delivered the content of

the wood chips is approximately 50%

water and 25% cellulose fiber the

cellulose fiber is what the mill needs

to make pulp which is the main

ingredient used to make paper the

remaining 25% is a liquid called

lignan lignan is the natural glue that

holds the wood fibers together in order

to get to the fiber the first order of

business is to remove the ligman

separating this brown colored material

happens in the digestors the digestors

are like large pressure cookers the wood

chips are placed in this vessel along

with some liquid cooking chemicals

called White liquor the lid on the

digestor is closed and steam is

introduced as heat and pressure increase

inside the digestor the lignan begins to

dissolve and the wood chips begin to

break down think of white liquor as soap

separating the wood fibers and washing

out the glue or ligant the cooking

liquid now containing the broken down

ligman is called black

liquor when it leaves the digestor it's

very diluted containing a lot of water

the water is evaporated out

concentrating the remaining ligament and

cooking

chemicals this mixture is burned in a

specially designed boiler called a

recovery boiler which generates Steam

and electricity for the mill after

burning All That Remains of the black

liquor are are the spent cooking

chemicals called Green

liquor in a final process lime is added

restoring and recycling the original

chemical

composition at this stage the mixture is

again known as white liquor and is ready

to begin the cycle again in the

digestors this cycle of white to black

to green and back again to White Cycles

again and again making the process not

only environmentally sound but also very

coste effective

in fact this large intricate recycling

process known as The Craft process is

what made paper affordable to the masses

for the first time in

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history back at the digestors the

remaining cellulose fiber isn't yet

totally

pure and in order to get rid of any

remaining ligant the fiber is

transferred to bleaching stations here

pulp is washed with bleach and water in

a series of steps assuring all remaining

ligman has been

removed with each step the fiber becomes

whiter and

whiter what started out as a very Brown

dark wood fiber is now bright white and

ready for

use from here the cellulose fiber or

pulp is either sent to the tissue Mill

paperboard Mill or to the pulp dryer

where it's dried bailed and stored for

future

use water is key in paper making paper

mills use a lot of water the clear water

paper mill uses millions of gallons a

day water is used to cool to clean and

as a way of moving product throughout

the mill water is also used inside the

boilers to generate Steam and help cool

Machinery water is continuously recycled

throughout the mill in the end the water

is returned to the river but only after

being filtered cleaned and purified

through a very complex system clear

water paper operates Ates with some of

the tightest discharge constraints of

any pulp Mill in the United States

today's modern pulp Mills operate as

cleanly as possible much of the

equipment which costs millions of

dollars is required to keep the mill

environmentally sound very little goes

to waste and great efforts are made to

truly be good stewards of the

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environment